问》钟钟作HT HT ，传字上无也字，有积字。）气里形表而相成者也。（五脏之气在里，内营形也；
六腑之气在表，外成形者也。平按∶而相成者也《素问》作而为相成也。）
平按∶此篇，自篇首至末，见《灵枢》卷六第三十三《海论》。自人亦有四海至逆者必败，见
《甲乙经》卷一第八，惟文法微有不同。
黄帝问岐伯曰∶余闻刺法于夫子，夫子之所言，不离于营卫血气。夫十二经脉者，内属于腑脏，
外络于支节，子乃合之于四海何乎？（血，谓十二脉中血也。气，谓十二脉中当经气也。平按∶《灵
枢》问下有于字，支作肢，四海下无何字。）岐伯曰∶人亦有四海十二经水。十二经水者，皆注于
海。海有东西南北，命曰四海。黄帝曰∶以人应之奈何？岐伯曰∶人亦有四海。黄帝曰∶请闻人之
四海。岐伯曰∶人有髓海，有血海，有气海，有水谷之海，凡此四者，所以应
四海者也。（十二经水者，皆注东海，东海周环，遂为四海。十二经脉，皆归胃海，水谷胃气环流，
遂为气血髓骨之海故也。水谷之海，比于东海也。平按∶《灵枢》以人应之奈何下无“岐伯曰人亦
有四海黄帝曰请闻人之四海”十七字。）黄帝曰∶远乎哉，夫子之合人天地四海也，愿闻应之奈何？
岐伯曰∶必先明知阴阳表里营输所在，四海定矣。（胃脉以为阳，表也。手太阴、足少阴脉为阴，
里也。冲脉为十二经脉及络脉之海，即亦表亦里也。平按∶营《灵枢》作荥。）黄帝曰∶定之奈何？
岐伯曰∶胃者为水谷之海，其输上在气街，下至三里。胃盛水谷，故名水谷之海。胃脉，足阳明
也。足阳明脉过于气街、三里，其气上下输此等穴也。平按∶《甲乙》输作 ，下同，不再举。冲
脉者为十二经之海，其输上在于大杼，下出于巨虚之上下廉。（冲脉管十二经脉。大杼是足太阳、手
太阳脉所发之穴。巨虚上下廉，则足阳明脉所发之穴。此等诸穴，皆是冲脉致气之处，故名输也。）
膻中者为气之海，其输上在柱骨之上下，前在于人迎。（膻，胸中也，音檀。食入胃已，其气分为
三道，有气上行经隧，聚于胸中，名曰气海，为肺所主。手阳明是肺府脉，行于柱骨上下，入缺盆，
支者上行至鼻，为足阳明，循颈下人迎之前，皆是膻中气海之输也。）脑为髓之海，其输上在其盖，
下在风府。（胃流津液，渗入骨空，变而为髓，头中最多，故为海也。是肾所生，其气上输脑盖百
会之穴，下输风府也。）黄帝曰∶凡此四海者，何利何害？何生何败？岐伯曰∶得顺者生，得逆者
败；知调者利，不知调者害。（得生得败言逆顺，天也；为利为害言调不，人也。）黄帝曰∶四海
之逆顺奈何？岐伯曰；气海有余
者，气满胸中，急息面赤；气海不足，则气少不足以言。（有余，谓邪气益真气也。面赤，谓气上
冲面，阳脉盛也。平按∶急息《灵枢》作 息，《甲乙》作 急息。）血海有余者，则常想其身大，
怫然不知其所病；血海不足，则常想其身小，狭然不知其所病。（血多脉盛，故神想见身大也。怫，
扶弗反，怫郁不安，不知所苦也。平按∶怫下《甲乙》有郁也二字。）水谷之海有余者，则腹满胀；
水谷之海不足，则饥不受谷食。髓海有余者，则轻劲多力，自过其度；髓海不足，则脑转耳鸣，
酸眩HT ，目无所见，懈殆安卧。（脑减不满颅中，故脑易转、喜耳鸣也。髓不满胫中，故 酸疼也。
脑虚少，筋肉血等精液不足，故眩冒无所见也。髓虚，四肢腰□无力，故懈怠安卧也。酸，息官反。
眩，元遍反，瞑目乱也。HT ，亡到反，覆也。平按∶满胀《甲乙》作胀满。 《灵枢》作胫，《甲乙》
作胫 。HT 《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作冒，殆均作怠。注腰下一字原缺，袁刻作脊。）黄帝曰∶余以
闻逆顺，调之奈何？岐伯曰∶审守其输而调其虚实，毋犯其害，顺者得复，逆者必败。黄帝曰∶善。
（输，谓四海之输。平按∶毋字原缺下半，《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作无，应是毋字。《甲乙》无黄
帝曰善四字。）
（原文中“问》钟钟作HT HT ，传字上无也字，有积字。”为校勘记，此处略去不译正文。）气在体内，形在体表，二者相互成就。（五脏之气位于体内，内里滋养形体；六腑之气位于体表，外部构成形体。平按：而相成者也，《素问》写作而为相成也。）
平按：此篇从篇首到末尾，见于《灵枢》卷六第三十三《海论》。自“人亦有四海”至“逆者必败”，见于《甲乙经》卷一第八，只是文法略有不同。
黄帝问岐伯说：我从夫子那里听闻刺法，夫子所说的内容，不离于营卫血气。那十二经脉，内属于腑脏，外联络肢节，您为何将它们合称为四海呢？（血，指十二脉中的血。气，指十二脉中的经气。平按：《灵枢》问下有“于”字，“支”写作“肢”，“四海”下无“何”字。）岐伯说：人也有四海和十二经水。十二经水，都注入海中。海有东、西、南、北之分，命名为四海。黄帝说：用人来对应它们，是怎么回事？岐伯说：人也有四海。黄帝说：请听您讲讲人的四海。岐伯说：人有髓海，有血海，有气海，有水谷之海，这四种，是用来对应四海的。（十二经水，都注入东海，东海环绕四周，于是成为四海。十二经脉，都归向胃海，水谷胃气环流，于是成为气血髓骨的海，所以叫水谷之海，比之于东海。平按：《灵枢》在“以人应之奈何”下没有“岐伯曰人亦有四海黄帝曰请闻人之四海”这十七个字。）黄帝说：夫子的将人与天地四海相合，距离我们远吗？希望听听如何对应它们？岐伯说：必须先明确知道阴阳表里营输所在，四海就确定了。（胃脉属于阳，是表。手太阴、足少阴脉属于阴，是里。冲脉是十二经脉及络脉的海，既属表又属里。平按：营，《灵枢》写作“荥”。）黄帝说：如何确定它们？岐伯说：胃是水谷之海，它的输穴上部在气街，下部至三里。胃盛纳水谷，所以名叫水谷之海。胃脉，即足阳明脉。足阳明脉经过气街、三里，其气上下输注在这些穴位上。平按：《甲乙》中“输”写作某字，下同，不再列举。冲脉是十二经的海，它的输穴上部在大杼，下部出于巨虚的上廉和下廉。（冲脉统管十二经脉。大杼是足太阳、手太阳脉所发出的穴位。巨虚上下廉，则是足阳明脉所发出的穴位。这些穴位，都是冲脉致气的地方，所以名叫输穴。）膻中是气之海，它的输穴上部在柱骨的上下，前部在人迎。（膻，指胸中，音同檀。食物进入胃后，其气分为三道，有气上行经过经隧，聚于胸中，名叫气海，由肺所主。手阳明是肺府脉，行于柱骨上下，入缺盆，分支上行至鼻，为足阳明，循颈下行至人迎之前，这些都是膻中气海的输穴。）脑是髓之海，它的输穴上部在头顶盖，下部在风府。（胃流津液，渗入骨空，变化而成髓，头部最多，所以称为海。这是肾所生，其气上输至脑盖百会穴，下输至风府。）黄帝说：这四海，有什么利，有什么害？有什么生，有什么败？岐伯说：得顺则生，得逆则败；知调则利，不知调则害。（得生得败讲的是逆顺，是天时；为利为害讲的是调与不调，是人事。）黄帝说：四海的逆顺是怎样的？岐伯说：气海有余的，气满胸中，呼吸急促，面色发红；气海不足的，则气少不足以说话。（有余，指邪气增益真气。面赤，指气上冲面部，阳脉盛。平按：急息，《灵枢》写作某字，《甲乙》写作“急息”。）血海有余的，则常觉得身体庞大，郁结不安，不知道哪里生病；血海不足的，则常觉得身体细小，局促不安，不知道哪里生病。（血多脉盛，所以神志想象身体变大。怫，音扶弗反，指怫郁不安，不知痛苦所在。平按：怫下，《甲乙》有“郁也”二字。）水谷之海有余的，则腹部胀满；水谷之海不足的，则饥饿却不能吃谷物食物。髓海有余的，则身体轻捷有力，超过正常限度；髓海不足的，则头脑晕转耳鸣，酸疼眩晕，眼睛看不见东西，懈怠嗜卧。（脑减不满颅中，所以头脑易转、喜欢耳鸣。髓不满胫中，所以小腿酸疼。脑虚少，筋肉血等精液不足，所以眩晕昏冒看不见东西。髓虚，四肢腰脊无力，所以懈怠嗜卧。酸，音息官反。眩，音元遍反，指闭目乱视。HT，音亡到反，指覆倒。平按：满胀，《甲乙》写作“胀满”。《灵枢》写作“胫”，《甲乙》写作“胫”某字。HT，《灵枢》、《甲乙》均写作“冒”，殆均写作“怠”。注中腰下一字原缺，袁刻本写作“脊”。）黄帝说：我听到了逆顺的道理，如何调理它们？岐伯说：审察并守住它们的输穴来调理虚实，不要犯危害，顺的就能恢复，逆的必然失败。黄帝说：好。（输，指四海的输穴。平按：“毋”字原缺下半部分，《灵枢》、《甲乙》均写作“无”，应是“毋”字。《甲乙》没有“黄帝曰善”这四个字。）
(Original text "Wen Zhong Zhong zuo HT HT..." is a collation note and is omitted in the translation.) Qi resides within, form resides on the exterior; they mutually complete each other. (The Qi of the Zang organs resides internally, nourishing the form from within; the Qi of the Fu organs resides externally, forming the shape from without. Ping An: "Er xiang cheng zhe ye" in *Su Wen* is written as "Er wei xiang cheng ye".)
Ping An: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in *Ling Shu*, Volume 6, Chapter 33, "Discussion on the Four Seas". From "Ren yi you si hai" to "Ni zhe bi bai", it is found in *Jia Yi Jing*, Volume 1, Chapter 8, with only slight differences in syntax.
Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: I have learned acupuncture methods from the Master. What the Master says never departs from Ying (Nutrient), Wei (Defensive), Blood, and Qi. The Twelve Primary Meridians (Shi Er Jing Mai) belong internally to the Zang-Fu organs and connect externally to the limbs and joints. Why do you combine them into the Four Seas? (Blood refers to the blood within the Twelve Meridians. Qi refers to the Jing-Qi within the Twelve Meridians. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is a character "Yu" after "Wen"; "Zhi" is written as "Zhi"; there is no "He" after "Si Hai".) Qibo replied: Humans also possess Four Seas and Twelve River Waters. The Twelve River Waters all flow into the Sea. The Seas are designated by East, West, South, and North, named the Four Seas. Yellow Emperor said: How does one correspond these to humans? Qibo said: Humans also have Four Seas. Yellow Emperor said: Please tell me about the Four Seas of humans. Qibo said: Humans have the Sea of Marrow, the Sea of Blood, the Sea of Qi, and the Sea of Water and Grain. These four correspond to the Four Seas. (The Twelve River Waters all flow into the East Sea, which surrounds itself, thus becoming the Four Seas. The Twelve Meridians all return to the Stomach Sea; the Qi of Water and Grain circulates, thus becoming the Sea of Qi, Blood, Marrow, and Bone. Hence it is called the Sea of Water and Grain, compared to the East Sea. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, after "Yi ren ying zhi nai he", the seventeen characters "Qi Bo Yue ren yi you si hai Huang Di Yue qing wen ren zhi si hai" are absent.) Yellow Emperor said: Is the Master's correspondence of humans to the Four Seas of Heaven and Earth far away? I wish to hear how they correspond. Qibo said: One must first clearly know the locations of Yin-Yang, Interior-Exterior, Ying, and Shu (Transport) points; then the Four Seas are determined. (Stomach meridian belongs to Yang, which is Exterior. Hand Taiyin and Foot Shaoyin meridians belong to Yin, which is Interior. Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) is the Sea of the Twelve Meridians and Collaterals, belonging to both Exterior and Interior. Ping An: "Ying" in *Ling Shu* is written as "Xing".) Yellow Emperor said: How is it determined? Qibo said: The Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; its Shu points are above at Qichong (Qi Jie) and below at Zusanli (San Li). The Stomach stores Water and Grain, hence named the Sea of Water and Grain. The Stomach meridian is Foot Yangming. Foot Yangming meridian passes through Qichong and Zusanli; its Qi transports up and down to these acupoints. Ping An: In *Jia Yi*, "Shu" is written as [symbol], same below, not repeated. Chong Mai is the Sea of the Twelve Meridians; its Shu points are above at Dazhu (Da Zhu) and below emerging from the upper and lower creases of Juxu (Ju Xu). (Chong Mai governs the Twelve Meridians. Dazhu is an acupoint where Foot Taiyang and Hand Taiyang meridians emerge. Upper and Lower Juxu are acupoints where Foot Yangming meridian emerges. These acupoints are places where Chong Mai delivers Qi, hence named Shu points.) Danzhong (Chest Center) is the Sea of Qi; its Shu points are above at the upper and lower parts of the vertebral column, and anteriorly at Renying (Ren Ying). ("Dan" refers to the chest center, pronounced Tan. After food enters the Stomach, its Qi divides into three pathways. Some Qi ascends through the meridians and gathers in the chest, named the Sea of Qi, governed by the Lung. Hand Yangming is the meridian of the Lung organ, running along the upper and lower vertebral column, entering the Supraclavicular Fossa (Que Pen); a branch ascends to the nose. Foot Yangming follows the neck down before Renying. All these are Shu points of the Danzhong Sea of Qi.) The Brain is the Sea of Marrow; its Shu points are above at the crown (Gai) and below at Fengfu (Feng Fu). (Stomach flows fluids, seeping into bone cavities, transforming into Marrow. The head contains the most, hence called the Sea. It is generated by the Kidney; its Qi transports upward to Baihui (Bai Hui) at the crown of the brain, and downward to Fengfu.) Yellow Emperor said: Regarding these Four Seas, what brings benefit and what brings harm? What leads to life and what to failure? Qibo said: Following harmony leads to life; following reversal leads to failure; knowing regulation brings benefit; lacking regulation brings harm. (Life and failure refer to Harmony and Reversal, which are Heavenly timing; Benefit and Harm refer to Regulation and non-regulation, which are human effort.) Yellow Emperor said: What are the Harmony and Reversal of the Four Seas? Qibo said: When the Sea of Qi has Excess, Qi fills the chest, breathing becomes rapid, and the face turns red; when the Sea of Qi has Deficiency, there is insufficient Qi to speak. (Excess means pathogenic Qi augmenting True Qi. Red face means Qi rushing upward to the face, indicating flourishing Yang meridians. Ping An: "Ji Xi" in *Ling Shu* is written as [symbol]; in *Jia Yi* as "Ji Xi".) When the Sea of Blood has Excess, one constantly feels the body is large, feeling depressed and uneasy, unaware of the illness; when the Sea of Blood has Deficiency, one constantly feels the body is small, feeling constrained and uneasy, unaware of the illness. (Abundant blood and flourishing vessels cause the spirit to imagine the body is large. "Fu" (pronounced Fu-fu fan) means depression and unease, not knowing the source of suffering. Ping An: In *Jia Yi*, two characters "Yu Ye" appear after "Fu".) When the Sea of Water and Grain has Excess, the abdomen is full and distended; when the Sea of Water and Grain has Deficiency, one feels hungry but cannot accept food. When the Sea of Marrow has Excess, the body is light, agile, and strong, exceeding normal limits; when the Sea of Marrow has Deficiency, there is dizziness, tinnitus, soreness, vertigo, blindness, lassitude, and a desire to lie down. (Brain deficiency fails to fill the skull, causing dizziness and preference for tinnitus. Marrow deficiency fails to fill the shins, causing leg soreness. Brain deficiency and lack of essence-fluid in muscles, sinews, and blood cause vertigo and blindness. Marrow deficiency causes weakness in limbs and waist/spine, leading to lassitude and lying down. "Suan" is pronounced Xi-guan fan. "Xuan" is Yuan-bian fan, meaning closing eyes and seeing chaos. "HT" is Wang-dao fan, meaning overturning/falling. Ping An: "Man Zhang" in *Jia Yi* is written as "Zhang Man". *Ling Shu* writes "Jing", *Jia Yi* writes "Jing" [symbol]. "HT" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* is written as "Mao"; "Dai" is written as "Dai". The missing character after "Yao" in the note is filled by Yuan edition as "Ji".) Yellow Emperor said: I have heard of Harmony and Reversal; how should they be regulated? Qibo said: Carefully observe their Shu points and regulate their Excess and Deficiency; do not commit harm. Those in Harmony will recover; those in Reversal will surely fail. Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. (Shu refers to the Shu points of the Four Seas. Ping An: The character "Wu" originally lacked its lower half; *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* write "Wu", likely meaning "Wu". *Jia Yi* lacks the four characters "Huang Di Yue Shan".)