黄帝问曰∶何谓虚实？岐伯对曰∶邪气盛则实，
精气夺则虚。帝曰∶虚实何如？岐伯曰∶气虚者肺虚也，气逆者足寒也，非其时则生，当其时则死。余脏皆
如此。帝曰∶何谓重实？岐伯曰∶所谓重实者，言大热病，气热脉满，是谓重实。帝曰∶经络俱实何如？何以
治之？岐伯曰∶经络皆实，是寸脉急而尺缓也，皆当治之，故曰滑则从，涩则逆也。夫虚实者，皆从其物类始，
故五脏骨肉滑利，可以长久也。帝曰∶络气不足，经气有余，何如？岐伯曰∶络气不足，经气有余者，脉口
热而尺寒也，秋冬为逆，春夏为从，治主病者。帝曰∶经虚络满何如？岐伯曰∶经虚络满者，尺热满脉口寒涩
也，此春夏死秋冬生也。帝曰∶治此者奈何？岐伯曰∶络满经虚，灸阴刺阳；经满络虚，刺阴灸阳。帝曰∶
何谓重虚？岐伯曰∶脉气上虚尺虚，是谓重虚。帝曰∶何以治之？岐伯
曰∶所谓气虚者，言无常也。尺虚者，行步 然。脉虚者，不象阴也。如此者，滑则生，涩则死也。帝曰∶
寒气暴上，脉满而实何如？岐伯曰∶实而滑则生，实而逆则死。帝曰∶脉实满，手足寒，头热，何如？岐伯曰∶
春秋则生，冬夏则死。脉浮而涩，涩而身有热者死。帝曰∶其形尽满何如？岐伯曰∶其形尽满者，脉急大坚，
尺涩而不应也，如是者，故从则生，逆则死。帝曰∶何谓从则生，逆则死？岐伯曰∶
所谓从者，手足温也。所谓逆者，手足寒也。帝曰∶乳子而病热，脉悬小者何如？岐伯曰∶手足温则生，
寒则死。帝曰∶乳子中风热，喘鸣肩息者，脉何如？岐伯曰∶喘鸣肩息者，脉实大也，缓则生，急则死。
帝曰∶肠 便血何如？岐伯曰∶身热则死，寒则生。帝曰∶肠 下白沫何如？岐伯曰∶脉沉则生，脉浮则
死。帝曰∶肠 下脓血何如？岐伯曰∶脉悬绝则死，滑大则生。帝曰∶肠 之属，身不热，脉不悬绝何如？
岐伯曰∶滑大者曰生，悬涩者曰死，以脏期之。帝曰∶癫疾何如？岐伯曰∶脉搏大滑，久自已；脉小坚急，
死不治。帝曰∶癫疾之脉，虚实何如？岐伯曰∶虚则可治，实则死，帝曰∶消瘅虚实何如？岐伯曰∶脉实大，
病久可治；脉悬小坚，病久不可治。
帝曰∶形度骨度脉度筋度，何以知其度也？帝曰∶春亟治经络，夏亟治经俞，秋亟治六腑，冬则闭塞。闭
塞者，用药而少针石也。所谓少针石者，非痈疽之谓也，痈疽不得顷时回。痈不知所，按之不应手，乍来乍已，
刺手太阴旁三 与缨脉各二。掖痈大热，刺足少阳五，刺而热不止，刺手心主三，刺手太阴经络者大骨之会各
三。暴痈筋 ，随分而痛，魄汗不尽，胞气不足，治在经俞。腹暴满，按之不下，取手太阳经络者，胃之募
也，少阴俞去脊椎三寸旁五，用员利
针。霍乱，刺俞旁五，足阳明及上旁三。刺痫惊脉五，针手太阴各五，刺经太阳五，刺手少阴经络旁者一，
足阳明一，上踝五寸刺三针。凡治消瘅仆击，偏枯痿厥，气满发逆，甘肥贵人，则高梁之疾也。隔塞闭绝，上
下不通，则暴忧之病也。暴厥而聋，偏塞闭不通，内气暴薄也。不从内外中风之病，故瘦留着也。 跛，寒风
湿之病也。黄帝曰∶黄胆暴痛，癫疾厥
狂，久逆之所生也。五脏不平，六腑闭塞之所生也。头痛耳鸣，九窍不利，肠胃之所生也。
黄帝问道：什么是虚证和实证？岐伯回答说：邪气亢盛就表现为实证，精气耗损就表现为虚证。黄帝问：虚实的具体表现是怎样的？岐伯说：气虚就是肺脏虚弱，气逆则足部发冷，如果在非相克之时（如春不克秋）则预后良好，若在相克之时（如春克秋）则预后不良。其他脏腑的情况也都与此类似。黄帝问：什么叫重实？岐伯说：所谓重实，是指大热病，气分热盛且脉象充实饱满，这就叫做重实。黄帝问：如果经络都出现实证是怎么回事？如何治疗？岐伯说：经络都出现实证，表现为寸口脉急促而尺部脉缓弱，都应当进行治疗，所以说脉滑利者顺从病情易于治疗，脉涩滞者逆反病情难治。凡虚实之证，都要根据事物的属性来推断，所以五脏和骨肉滑利通畅的，可以长寿。黄帝问：络脉气不足，经脉气有余，是怎么回事？岐伯说：络脉气不足，经脉气有余的，表现为脉口处发热而尺部皮肤寒冷，在秋冬季节为逆证，在春夏季节为顺证，治疗时应针对主病的部位进行。黄帝问：经脉虚而络脉满是怎么回事？岐伯说：经脉虚而络脉满的，表现为尺部皮肤发热且脉象满盛，而脉口处寒冷涩滞，这种病症在春夏季节死亡，在秋冬季节生存。黄帝问：治疗这种情况该怎么办？岐伯说：络脉满而经脉虚，应灸阴经、刺阳经；经脉满而络脉虚，应刺阴经、灸阳经。黄帝问：什么叫重虚？岐伯说：脉气上部虚弱，尺部也虚弱，这就叫重虚。黄帝问：如何治疗？岐伯说：所谓气虚，表现为言语无力或错乱。尺部虚弱，表现为行走不稳、步履艰难。脉虚，表现为脉搏缺乏柔和之象而不像阴脉应有的状态。像这样的病人，脉滑利者生，脉涩滞者死。黄帝问：寒气突然上逆，脉象满实是怎么回事？岐伯说：脉实而滑利者生，脉实而逆乱者死。黄帝问：脉象实而满，手足寒冷，头面部发热，是怎么回事？岐伯说：在春秋季节可生，在冬夏季节则死。脉象浮而涩，且身体有发热的，预后不良而死。黄帝问：形体全面胀满是怎么回事？岐伯说：形体全面胀满的，脉象急大而坚牢，尺部脉涩滞且与寸口脉不相呼应，像这样的病人，脉象顺从者生，逆反者死。黄帝问：什么叫顺从则生，逆反则死？岐伯说：所谓顺从，是指手足温暖。所谓逆反，是指手足寒冷。黄帝问：婴儿患热病，脉象悬细而小，是怎么回事？岐伯说：手足温暖者生，手足寒冷者死。黄帝问：婴儿感受风热邪气，出现喘息有声、耸肩呼吸的症状，脉象怎样？岐伯说：出现喘息有声、耸肩呼吸的，脉象应当实大，若脉势缓和者生，脉势紧急者死。黄帝问：肠澼（痢疾）便血是怎么回事？岐伯说：身体发热者死，身体不发热者生。黄帝问：肠澼下白沫是怎么回事？岐伯说：脉象沉者生，脉象浮者死。黄帝问：肠澼下脓血是怎么回事？岐伯说：脉象悬绝者死，脉象滑大者生。黄帝问：属于肠澼一类的疾病，身体不发热，脉象也不悬绝，是怎么回事？岐伯说：脉象滑大的为生，脉象悬涩的为死，可以根据内脏所属的时令来推测死期。黄帝问：癫疾（癫痫）怎么样？岐伯说：脉搏大而滑利的，时间久了会自行痊愈；脉搏小而坚急的，死亡且无法治愈。黄帝问：癫疾的脉象，虚实情况怎样？岐伯说：虚证可以治疗，实证则死亡。黄帝问：消瘅（糖尿病类疾病）的虚实情况怎样？岐伯说：脉象实大，病程久远的可以治疗；脉象悬小坚劲，病程久远的不可治疗。
黄帝问：形度、骨度、脉度、筋度，如何来判断它们的状况？黄帝又问：春季急于治疗经络，夏季急于治疗经穴，秋季急于治疗六腑，冬季则气血闭塞。所谓气血闭塞，是指用药治疗而少用针石。所谓少用针石，并不是指痈疽这类疾病，因为痈疽不能片刻延误。痈疽如果不清楚具体位置，按压没有反应，时发时止，应针刺手太阴肺经旁侧三穴以及颈侧动脉各两穴。腋下的痈疽高热，针刺足少阳胆经五穴，如果针刺后热仍不退，再针刺手厥阴心包经三穴，针刺手太阴肺经络穴及大骨之会穴各三穴。突发性的痈疽导致筋脉拘急，随部位疼痛，冷汗不止，膀胱之气不足，治疗应在经穴上进行。腹部突然胀满，按压不能缓解，取手太阳小肠经的络穴，即胃的募穴中脘，以及足少阴肾俞穴，距离脊椎三寸旁开五寸，使用圆利针。霍乱，针刺背俞穴旁五穴，足阳明胃经及上髎旁三穴。治疗痫病惊厥，针刺脉会穴五穴，手太阴肺经各五穴，足太阳膀胱经五穴，手少阴心经络穴旁一穴，足阳明胃经一穴，内踝上五寸处刺三针。凡是治疗消瘅、仆击（中风猝倒）、偏枯（半身不遂）、痿厥（四肢萎软厥冷）、气满发逆等病，多见于嗜食甘美肥腻的贵人，这是高粱厚味所致的疾病。膈塞闭绝，上下不通，这是由突然的大忧所致。突然昏厥且耳聋，偏侧闭塞不通，这是体内气机突然迫近所致。不从内外感受风邪而得的疾病，是因为形体消瘦且病邪留滞。跛行，是受风寒湿邪侵袭所致。黄帝说：黄疸、突发疼痛、癫疾、厥狂，都是由长期气机逆乱所产生的。五脏功能失调，是由六腑闭塞不通所产生的。头痛耳鸣，九窍不利，是由肠胃病变所产生的。
Huangdi asked: What are deficiency and excess? Qibo replied: When pathogenic factors are flourishing, it is termed excess; when essential qi is depleted, it is termed deficiency. Huangdi asked: How are deficiency and excess manifested? Qibo said: Qi deficiency corresponds to Lung deficiency; Qi rebellion manifests as cold feet. If this occurs during a time that does not clash (e.g., Spring does not overcome Autumn), the prognosis is favorable; if it occurs during a clashing time (e.g., Spring overcomes Autumn), the prognosis is fatal. The same principle applies to other Zang organs. Huangdi asked: What is called "double excess"? Qibo said: Double excess refers to a severe heat disease where Qi is hot and the pulse is full, which constitutes double excess. Huangdi asked: What if both the meridians and collaterals present with excess? How should it be treated? Qibo said: When both meridians and collaterals are in excess, the Cun position of the radial pulse is rapid/tight while the Chi position is slow/relaxed. Both require treatment. Therefore, a slippery pulse indicates compliance (favorable), while a choppy pulse indicates resistance (unfavorable). Deficiency and excess conditions are inferred from their corresponding categories. Thus, if the five Zang organs and bones/flesh are smooth and unobstructed, longevity can be achieved. Huangdi asked: What if the collateral Qi is insufficient while the meridian Qi is in excess? Qibo said: In cases where collateral Qi is insufficient and meridian Qi is in excess, the Kou position (radial artery at wrist) feels hot while the Chi area (wrist skin) feels cold. This pattern is unfavorable in Autumn and Winter but favorable in Spring and Summer. Treatment should target the primary diseased area. Huangdi asked: What if the meridian is deficient and the collateral is full? Qibo said: When the meridian is deficient and the collateral is full, the Chi area is hot and the pulse is full, while the Kou position is cold and choppy. Such patients die in Spring and Summer but survive in Autumn and Winter. Huangdi asked: How to treat these conditions? Qibo said: For collateral fullness and meridian deficiency, moxa the Yin meridians and needle the Yang meridians; for meridian fullness and collateral deficiency, needle the Yin meridians and moxa the Yang meridians. Huangdi asked: What is called "double deficiency"? Qibo said: When both the upper pulse Qi and the Chi position are deficient, it is called double deficiency. Huangdi asked: How to treat it? Qibo said: Qi deficiency is characterized by disordered speech. Chi deficiency is characterized by unsteady gait. Pulse deficiency is characterized by a lack of Yin-like softness. In such cases, a slippery pulse indicates life, while a choppy pulse indicates death. Huangdi asked: What if cold Qi suddenly rises and the pulse is full and excess? Qibo said: If the pulse is excess and slippery, there is survival; if excess and rebellious/unsmooth, there is death. Huangdi asked: What if the pulse is full and excess, yet the hands and feet are cold and the head is hot? Qibo said: Survival is possible in Spring and Autumn, but death in Winter and Summer. If the pulse is floating and choppy, accompanied by body heat, death ensues. Huangdi asked: What if the entire body is fully distended? Qibo said: In cases of total body distension, the pulse is rapid, large, and firm, while the Chi position is choppy and does not correspond to the Cun position. If the pulse complies (is smooth), there is survival; if it resists, there is death. Huangdi asked: What defines compliance leading to survival and resistance leading to death? Qibo said: Compliance means warm hands and feet. Resistance means cold hands and feet. Huangdi asked: If an infant suffers from heat disease and the pulse is suspended and small, what is the prognosis? Qibo said: Warm hands and feet indicate survival; cold hands and feet indicate death. Huangdi asked: If an infant contracts wind-heat, manifesting as wheezing with barking sounds and shoulder breathing, what is the pulse like? Qibo said: Wheezing with barking sounds and shoulder breathing typically presents with a large and excess pulse. A slow/relaxed pulse indicates survival; a rapid/tight pulse indicates death. Huangdi asked: Regarding Changpi (dysentery) with bloody stool, what is the prognosis? Qibo said: Body heat indicates death; absence of body heat indicates survival. Huangdi asked: Regarding Changpi with white mucus discharge, what is the prognosis? Qibo said: A sinking pulse indicates survival; a floating pulse indicates death. Huangdi asked: Regarding Changpi with pus and blood discharge, what is the prognosis? Qibo said: A suspended/extreme pulse indicates death; a slippery and large pulse indicates survival. Huangdi asked: Regarding Changpi-type diseases where the body is not hot and the pulse is not extreme, what is the prognosis? Qibo said: A slippery and large pulse indicates survival; a suspended and choppy pulse indicates death. The time of death can be predicted based on the associated Zang organ's seasonal correspondence. Huangdi asked: What about Dianji (epilepsy)? Qibo said: If the pulse is large and slippery, the condition will resolve spontaneously over time; if the pulse is small, firm, and urgent, it is fatal and untreatable. Huangdi asked: Regarding the pulse of Dianji, how do deficiency and excess manifest? Qibo said: Deficiency is treatable; excess is fatal. Huangdi asked: Regarding Xiaodan (wasting-thirst syndrome), how do deficiency and excess manifest? Qibo said: A large and excess pulse in a chronic case is treatable; a suspended, small, and firm pulse in a chronic case is untreatable.
Huangdi asked: How are Xingdu (body form), Guduo (bone structure), Maiduo (pulse characteristics), and Jinduo (tendon condition) assessed? Huangdi further stated: In Spring, one should urgently treat the meridians; in Summer, the acupoints; in Autumn, the Fu organs; and in Winter, the Qi and Blood are closed/stagnant. During periods of closure, medication is used rather than needles and stones. "Using few needles and stones" does not apply to Yongju (carbuncles and sores), as these cannot be delayed even for an instant. If the location of a carbuncle is unknown, pressing yields no response, and symptoms come and go, needle three points lateral to the Hand Taiyin Meridian and two points on the Ying Mai (neck arteries). For axillary carbuncles with high fever, needle five points on the Foot Shaoyang Meridian. If fever persists after needling, needle three points on the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian, and three points each at the Hand Taiyin Meridian Luo point and the Hui-meeting point of the large bones. For sudden carbuncles causing tendon spasms and localized pain, with incomplete sweating and insufficiency of Baoqi (Bladder Qi), treatment should focus on the meridian acupoints. For sudden abdominal fullness that cannot be relieved by pressure, take the Luo point of the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian, which is the Mu-point of the Stomach (Zhongwan), and the Shushu point of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, located three cun lateral to the spine and five cun lateral to the midline, using a Yuanli needle. For Huoluan (cholera-like disorder), needle five points beside the Back-Shu points, the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, and three points above the ankle. For treating epilepsy and惊厥 (convulsions), needle five points at the Maihui (Pulse Meeting) point, five points on the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, five points on the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, one point beside the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian Luo, one point on the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, and three needles at five cun above the medial malleolus. Generally, treating Xiaodan, Pujì (sudden collapse), Piangu (hemiplegia), Weijue (flaccidity and cold limbs), and Qi man fa ni (chest fullness with rebellious Qi) often involves wealthy individuals who consume rich foods, constituting diseases caused by Gao Liang (rich and sweet foods). Ge sai bi jue (blockage and obstruction between upper and lower jiao) results from sudden excessive grief. Sudden jue (fainting) with deafness and unilateral blockage results from sudden internal Qi oppression. Diseases not caused by external wind or internal injury result in emaciation and lingering pathogens. Bo (limping) is caused by invasion of cold, wind, and dampness. Huangdi stated: Huangdan (jaundice), sudden pain, Dianji, Jue, and Kuang are generated by long-term Qi rebellion. Imbalance of the Five Zang organs arises from closure of the Six Fu organs. Headache, tinnitus, and dysfunction of the nine orifices arise from disorders of the intestines and stomach.