甘和，旧本讹咸和，今改。甲为土运太过，故甲申甲寅岁，上少阳相火，中太宫土运，下厥阴木。相
火在上，故火化二，土运在中而过，故雨化五，木气在下，故风化八，此上中下之气，乃正化
度也。其化上热，则宜水味之咸寒以治之，其化中湿，则宜土味之
甘和以治之，其化下风，则宜金味之辛凉以治之，此药食之相宜也。
乙酉乙卯岁。上阳明金，中少商金运，下少阴火，热化寒化胜复同，邪气化度也。灾
七宫。燥化四，清化四，热化二，正化度也。其化上苦小温，中苦和，下咸寒，药食宜也。
乙为金运不及，故乙酉乙卯岁，上阳明金，中少商金运，下少阴火。金运不及，始则火之热化胜，继则
水之寒化复，胜与复，同主一岁之气，非上中下正气之化，乃邪气化度也。凡乙运之岁，灾皆七宫。金气
在上，故燥化四，金运在中而不及，故清化四，火气在下，故热化二，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化
上燥，则宜火味之苦小温以治之，其化中清则宜火味之苦和以治之，其化下热，则宜水味之咸寒以治之，此
药食之相宜也。
丙戌丙辰岁。上太阳水，中太羽水运，下太阴土。寒化六，雨化五，正化度也。其化上
苦热，中咸温，下甘热，药食宜也。
丙为水运太过，故丙戊丙辰岁，上太阳水，中太羽水运，下太阴土。水气在上，水运在中，而太过，
故皆寒化六。土气在下，故雨化五，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化上寒，则宜火味之苦热
以治之，其化中寒，则宜水味之咸温以治之，其化下湿，则宜土味之甘热以治之，此药食之相宜也。
丁亥丁巳岁。上厥阴木，中少角木运，下少阳相火。清化热化胜复同，邪气化度也。灾三宫。
风化三，火化七，正化度也。其化上辛凉，中辛和，下咸寒，药食宜也。
丁为木运不及，故丁亥丁巳岁，上厥阴木，中少角木运，下少阳相火。木运不及，始则金之清化胜，
既则火之热化复，胜与复，同主一岁之气，非上中下正气之化，乃邪气化度也。凡丁运之岁，
灾皆三宫。木气在上，木运在中而不及，故皆风化三，火气在下，故火化七，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。
其化上风，则宜金味之辛凉以治之，其化中风，则宜金味之辛和以治之，其化下火，则水味
之咸寒以治之，此药食之相宜也。
戊子戊午岁。上少阴火，中太征火运，下阳明金。热化七，清化九，正化度也。其
化上咸寒，中甘寒，下酸温，药食宜也。
戊为火运太过，故戊子戊午岁，上少阴火，中太征火运，下阳明金。火气在上，火运在中而太过，故
皆热化七，金气在下，故清化九，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化上热，则宜水味之咸寒以
治之，其化中热，则宜土味之甘寒以治之，其化下清，则宜木味之酸温以治之，此药食之相宜也。
己丑己未岁。上太阴土，中少宫土运，下太阳水。风化清化胜复同，邪气化度也。灾五宫。
雨化五，寒化一，正化度也。其化上苦热，中甘和，下甘热，药食宜也。
己为土运不及，故己丑己未岁，上太阴土，中少宫土运，下太阳水。土运不及，始则木之风化胜，
继则金之清化复，胜与复，同主一岁之气，非上中下正气之化，乃邪气化度也。凡己运之岁，灾
皆五宫。土气在上，土运在中而不及，故皆雨化五，水气在下，故寒化一，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其
化上湿，则宜火味之苦热以治之，其化中湿，则宜土味之甘和以治之，其化下寒，则土味之
甘热以治之，此药食之相宜也。
庚寅庚申岁。上少阳相火，中太商金运，下厥阴木。火化七，
清化九，风化三，正化度也。其化上咸寒，中辛温，下辛凉，药食宜也。
庚为金运太过，故庚寅庚申岁，上少阳相火，中太商金运，下厥阴木。火气在上，故火化七，金运在中
而太过，故清化九，木气在下，故风化三，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化上热，则宜水
味之咸寒以治之，其化中清，则宜金味之辛凉以治之，此药食之相宜也。
辛卯辛酉岁。上阳明金，中少羽水运，下少阴火。雨化风化胜复同，邪气化度也。灾一宫。
清化九，寒化一，热化七，正化度也。其化上苦小温，中苦和，下咸寒，药食宜也。
辛为水运不及，故辛卯辛酉岁，上阳明金，中少羽水运，下少
阴火。水运不及，始则土之而化胜，既则木之风化复，胜与复，同主一岁之气，非上中下正气之化，乃邪
气化度也。凡辛运之岁，灾皆一宫。金气在上，故清化九，水运在中而不及，故寒化一，火气
在下，故热化七，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化上清，则宜火味之苦小温以治之，其化中寒，则宜火味
之苦和以治之，其化下热，则宜水味之咸寒以治之，此药食之相宜也。
壬辰壬戌岁。上太阳水，中太角木运，下太阴土。寒化六，风
化八，雨化五，正化度也。其化上苦温，中酸和，下甘温，药食宜也。
壬为木运太过，故壬辰壬戌岁，上太阳水，中太角木运，下太阴土。水气在上，故寒化六，木运在中而太
过，故风化八，土气在下，故雨化五，此上中下之气，乃正化度也。其化上寒，则宜火味之苦温收治之，其化
中风，则宜木味之酸和收治之，其化下湿，则宜土味甘温以治之，此药食之相宜也。
癸巳癸亥岁。上厥阴木，中少征火运，下少阳相火。寒化雨化胜复同，邪气化度也。
灾九宫。风化八，火化二，正化度也。其化上辛凉，中咸和，下咸寒，药食宜也。
癸为火运不及，故癸巳癸亥岁，上厥阴木，中少征火运，下少阳相火。火运不及，始则水之寒化胜，
继则土之雨化复，胜与复，同主一岁之气，非上中下正气之化，乃邪气化度也。凡癸运之岁，
灾皆九宫。木气在上，故风化八，火运在中而不及，火气在下。其化上风，则宜金味之辛凉以治之，其化
中热，则宜水味之咸和以治之，其化下热，则宜水味之咸寒以治之，此药食之相宜也。
凡此定期之纪，胜复正化，皆有常数，不可不察。故知其要
者，一言而终，不知其要，流散无穷，此之谓也。
总结上文，言凡此定期之纪，胜复者，不及之年，正化者，太过之岁，皆有常数，贵察而知其要也。
帝曰∶善。五运之气，亦复岁乎？
上文太过，则为正化，不及，则有胜复。帝承上文，而问五运
之气，一岁之中，亦有复乎？复，先郁后复也。
岐伯曰∶郁极乃发，待时而作也。
复者，郁极乃发，其复必待时而作也。谓岁运与主时之气相合而始复也。
帝曰∶请问其所谓也？
待时而作，何谓？
岐伯曰∶五常之气，太过不及，其发异也。
木火土金水五常之气，有太过，有不及，其发异也。异，不常也。不常。所以有待也。
帝曰∶愿卒闻之。
群尽闻太过不及之义。
岐伯曰∶太过者暴，不及者徐。暴者为病甚，徐者为病持。
太过之气受郁者，其发也暴；不及之气受郁者，其发也徐。发
之暴者，为病亦甚，发之徐者，为病亦持。持，犹待也。
帝曰∶太过不及，其数何如？
五运太过不及，其生成之数，何如？
岐伯曰∶太过者，其数成，不及者，其数生，土常以生也。
太过者，数举其成，衰之兆也。不及者，数举其生，盛之基也。土生万物，无分太少，常以生数，
不举成数也。此申明上文太过之运，则举六七八九之成数属之，土数惟五，常举其生，不举其
成，此在中之五运为然，而上下之六气不然，盖运有常，气无常也。
帝曰∶其发也，何如？
郁极乃发，发也何如？
岐伯曰∶土郁之发，岩谷震惊，雷殷气交，埃昏黄黑，化为白
气，飘骤高深，击石飞空，洪水乃从，川流漫衍，田牧土驹。化气
乃敷，善为时雨，始生始长，始化始成。故民病心腹胀，肠鸣而为
数后，甚则心痛胁 ，呕吐霍乱，饮发注下， 肿身重。云奔雨
府，霞拥朝阳，山泽埃昏，其乃发也，以其四气，云横天山，浮游
生灭，怫之先兆。
长，上声。数，音朔。横，去声。俱下同。五运在中，土位中央，故首论土郁之发。土气通于山谷，
故其发也，岩谷震惊。震惊，由静而动也。雷出地奋，故雷殷气交。殷，盛也。气交，六七月之间也。雷殷
气交，则埃昏黄黑，言土埃昏冒，而有黄黑之色也。埃昏黄黑，则化为白气，而飘骤高深，言高山深谷之间，
白气飘骤，不安宁也。飘骤高深，则击石飞空，而洪水乃从，言山石崩裂，洪水乃作也。洪水乃从，则川流
漫衍，而田牧土驹，言水汛土泞，如土驹之牧于田间。牧，犹养也。土驹，土块如驹也。郁气既
发，其后则化气乃敷，而善为时雨。善为时雨，则始生始长，始化始成，此郁发之气，亦主岁气而生成万物
也。土郁发则湿气胜，故民病心腹胀，肠鸣数后。数后，大便频也。甚则心痛胁 ，呕吐霍
乱，饮发注下， 肿身重，皆土湿之病也。土气欲发，则云奔雨府，霞拥朝阳，山泽埃昏，其乃欲发之候也。
三之气太阴湿土，郁而始发，发必愆期，故以其四气。土气先郁，故云横天山，云气浮
游，而生灭靡常，此土气怫郁之先兆。惟其郁之，是以发之。
金郁之发，天洁地明，风清气切，大凉乃举，草树浮烟，燥气
以行， 雾数起，杀气来至，草木苍干，金乃有声。故民病咳逆，
心胁满引少腹，善暴痛，不可反侧，嗌干面尘色恶。山泽焦枯，土
凝霜卤，怫乃发也，其气五。夜零白露，林莽声凄，怫之兆也。
卤，音鲁。下同。金气坚白而劲，故金郁之发，天洁地明，风清气切。于时为秋，故大凉乃举。大
凉乃举，则草树浮烟。在地为金，在天为燥，故燥气以行。燥气以行，则郁雾数起。郁雾数起，
则杀气来至。杀气来至，则草木苍干。草木苍干，则金乃有声。有声，即下文林莽声凄也。金郁发，则
燥气胜，故民有咳逆之病，心胁满，引少腹，气机上下不和也。善暴痛，不可反侧，气机内外不
利也。嗌干，面尘色恶，燥气胜也。凡此皆燥金之病也。金气欲发，则山泽焦枯，而燥气萌，上凝霜卤，
而白露降，此金怫乃发之候也。五之气，阳明燥金，故其气五。金气先郁，则夜零白露，林
莽声凄，此金气怫郁之先兆。惟其郁之，是以发之。
水郁之发，阳气乃辟，阴气暴举，大寒乃至，川泽严凝，寒雾
结为霜雪，甚则黄黑昏翳，流行气交，乃为霜杀，水乃见祥。故民
病寒客心痛，腰 痛，大关节不利，屈伸不便，善厥逆，痞坚腹满。
阳光不治，空积沉阴，白埃昏瞑，而乃发也，其气二火前后，太虚
深玄，气犹麻散，微见而隐，色黑微黄，怫之先兆也。
辟，作避，便，平声。水气阴寒而湿，故水郁之发，阳气乃避。阳气避则阴气暴举，阴气暴举则大
寒乃至，而川泽严凝。寒 、白气也。寒 洁为霜雪，甚则水湿过甚，而黄黑昏翳且流行气交，气
交，冬春之交也。流行气交，寒气乘之，乃为霜杀。时惟春也，冰雪化为雨水，故水乃见祥。水郁发而寒
气胜，故民病寒客心痛，腰 痛。腰 痛则大关节不利，屈伸不便；心痛则善厥逆。水寒气盛
则痞坚腹满，水气欲发则阳光不治，空积沉阴，白埃昏瞑，此水郁而乃发之候也。二火，君火相火也。太阳
水气之郁，郁于秋之末，冬之时。秋末乃阳明主气，阳明居少阳相火之后也。太阳水气之
发，流行气交，气交乃春时厥阴主气，厥阴居少阴君火之前也，故其气在二火前后。水气郁则太虚深邃
而玄黯。其气凝聚而欲散。犹，麻散也，言犹麻绳之紧，将有散意也。气犹麻散，乃微见而复隐之象。太
虚深玄乃色黑而微黄之象，此水气怫郁之先兆。惟其郁之，是以发之。
木郁之发，太虚埃昏，云物以扰，大风乃至，屋发折木，木有
变，故民病胃脘当心而痛。上支两胁，膈咽不通，食饮不下，甚则
耳鸣眩转目不识人。善暴僵仆，太虚苍埃，天山一色，或气浊色，黄黑郁若，横云不起雨，
而乃发也。其气无常，长川草偃，柔叶呈阴，松吟高山，虎啸岩岫，怫之先兆也。
当，如字。横，去声。风木动摇，故木郁之发，郁埃昏冒太虚，而云物以援，大风乃至。
大风至则屋发折木，而木有变异之象。木气变故民病胃脘当心而痛，上支两胁，膈咽不通，食饮不
下，此木淫土虚病也。甚则耳鸣眩转，目不识人。善暴僵仆此风淫
木虚病也。木气郁发则太虚苍埃。夫太虚苍埃，乃天心一色或气浊色也。气浊色者，乃黄黑郁若也。天山
一色，黄黑郁若则上下尘蒙。故横云上腾而不起雨，此木郁而乃发之候也。木动风生。四时皆
有，故其气无常。偃，仆也。呈阴，背向面也。风生则长川草仆。柔叶呈阴，甚则松吟高山，而虎
啸岩岫。是木气郁怫之先兆。惟其郁之，是以发之。
火郁之发，太虚曛翳，大明不彰，炎火行，大暑至，山泽燔燎，材木流津，广厦腾烟，
土浮霜卤，止水乃减，蔓草焦黄，风行惑言，湿化乃后。故民病少气，疮疡痈肿，胁腹胸背，面首
甘味调和，旧版误作咸味调和，现已改正。天干为甲的年份属于土运太过，因此甲申年和甲寅年，司天之气为少阳相火，中运为太宫土运，在泉之气为厥阴风木。相火位于上方，所以火化的数字是二；土运居中且太过，所以雨化的数字是五；木气位于下方，所以风化的数字是八。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗；中间的气化为湿，适宜用土味的甘和来治疗；下方的气化为风，适宜用金味的辛凉来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
乙酉年和乙卯年。司天之气为阳明燥金，中运为少商金运，在泉之气为少阴君火。热化和寒化的胜复同时存在，这是邪气化的规律。灾害发生在七宫。燥化四，清化四，热化二，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜苦小温，中间宜苦和，下方宜咸寒，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
乙年为金运不及，所以乙酉年和乙卯年，司天之气为阳明燥金，中运为少商金运，在泉之气为少阴君火。金运不及，起初是火的熱化占优势，随后是水的寒化进行报复。胜气和复气共同主宰这一年的气候，并非上、中、下正气的化生，而是邪气化的规律。凡是乙运的年份，灾害都发生在七宫。金气在上方，所以燥化四；金运居中但不及，所以清化四；火气在下方，所以热化二。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的燥，适宜用火味的苦小温来治疗；中间的清，适宜用火味的苦和来治疗；下方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
丙戌年和丙辰年。司天之气为太阳寒水，中运为太羽水运，在泉之气为太阴湿土。寒化六，雨化五，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜苦热，中间宜咸温，下方宜甘热，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
丙年为水运太过，所以丙戌年和丙辰年，司天之气为太阳寒水，中运为太羽水运，在泉之气为太阴湿土。水气在上方，水运居中且太过，所以都表现为寒化六。土气在下方，所以雨化五。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的寒，适宜用火味的苦热来治疗；中间的寒，适宜用水味的咸温来治疗；下方的湿，适宜用土味的甘热来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
丁亥年和丁巳年。司天之气为厥阴风木，中运为少角木运，在泉之气为少阳相火。清化和热化的胜复同时存在，这是邪气化的规律。灾害发生在三宫。风化三，火化七，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜辛凉，中间宜辛和，下方宜咸寒，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
丁年为木运不及，所以丁亥年和丁巳年，司天之气为厥阴风木，中运为少角木运，在泉之气为少阳相火。木运不及，起初是金的清化占优势，随后是火的热化进行报复。胜气和复气共同主宰这一年的气候，并非上、中、下正气的化生，而是邪气化的规律。凡是丁运的年份，灾害都发生在三宫。木气在上方，木运居中但不及，所以都表现为风化三；火气在下方，所以火化七。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的风，适宜用金味的辛凉来治疗；中间的风，适宜用金味的辛和来治疗；下方的火，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
戊子年和戊午年。司天之气为少阴君火，中运为太征火运，在泉之气为阳明燥金。热化七，清化九，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜咸寒，中间宜甘寒，下方宜酸温，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
戊年为火运太过，所以戊子年和戊午年，司天之气为少阴君火，中运为太征火运，在泉之气为阳明燥金。火气在上方，火运居中且太过，所以都表现为热化七；金气在下方，所以清化九。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗；中间的热，适宜用土味的甘寒来治疗；下方的清，适宜用木味的酸温来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
己丑年和己未年。司天之气为太阴湿土，中运为少宫土运，在泉之气为太阳寒水。风化和清化的胜复同时存在，这是邪气化的规律。灾害发生在五宫。雨化五，寒化一，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜苦热，中间宜甘和，下方宜甘热，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
己年为土运不及，所以己丑年和己未年，司天之气为太阴湿土，中运为少宫土运，在泉之气为太阳寒水。土运不及，起初是木的风化占优势，随后是金的清化进行报复。胜气和复气共同主宰这一年的气候，并非上、中、下正气的化生，而是邪气化的规律。凡是己运的年份，灾害都发生在五宫。土气在上方，土运居中但不及，所以都表现为雨化五；水气在下方，所以寒化一。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的湿，适宜用火味的苦热来治疗；中间的湿，适宜用土味的甘和来治疗；下方的寒，适宜用土味的甘热来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
庚寅年和庚申年。司天之气为少阳相火，中运为太商金运，在泉之气为厥阴风木。火化七，清化九，风化三，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜咸寒，中间宜辛温，下方宜辛凉，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
庚年为金运太过，所以庚寅年和庚申年，司天之气为少阳相火，中运为太商金运，在泉之气为厥阴风木。火气在上方，所以火化七；金运居中且太过，所以清化九；木气在下方，所以风化三。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗；中间的清，适宜用金味的辛凉来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
辛卯年和辛酉年。司天之气为阳明燥金，中运为少羽水运，在泉之气为少阴君火。雨化和风化的胜复同时存在，这是邪气化的规律。灾害发生在一宫。清化九，寒化一，热化七，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜苦小温，中间宜苦和，下方宜咸寒，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
辛年为水运不及，所以辛卯年和辛酉年，司天之气为阳明燥金，中运为少羽水运，在泉之气为少阴君火。水运不及，起初是土的湿化占优势，随后是木的风化进行报复。胜气和复气共同主宰这一年的气候，并非上、中、下正气的化生，而是邪气化的规律。凡是辛运的年份，灾害都发生在一宫。金气在上方，所以清化九；水运居中但不及，所以寒化一；火气在下方，所以热化七。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的清，适宜用火味的苦小温来治疗；中间的寒，适宜用火味的苦和来治疗；下方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
壬辰年和壬戌年。司天之气为太阳寒水，中运为太角木运，在泉之气为太阴湿土。寒化六，风化八，雨化五，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜苦温，中间宜酸和，下方宜甘温，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
壬年为木运太过，所以壬辰年和壬戌年，司天之气为太阳寒水，中运为太角木运，在泉之气为太阴湿土。水气在上方，所以寒化六；木运居中且太过，所以风化八；土气在下方，所以雨化五。这是上、中、下三气的正常化生规律。其气化表现为上方的寒，适宜用火味的苦温来治疗；中间的风，适宜用木味的酸和来治疗；下方的湿，适宜用土味的甘温来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
癸巳年和癸亥年。司天之气为厥阴风木，中运为少征火运，在泉之气为少阳相火。寒化和雨化的胜复同时存在，这是邪气化的规律。灾害发生在九宫。风化八，火化二，这是正化的规律。其气化表现上方宜辛凉，中间宜咸和，下方宜咸寒，这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
癸年为火运不及，所以癸巳年和癸亥年，司天之气为厥阴风木，中运为少征火运，在泉之气为少阳相火。火运不及，起初是水的寒化占优势，随后是土的雨化进行报复。胜气和复气共同主宰这一年的气候，并非上、中、下正气的化生，而是邪气化的规律。凡是癸运的年份，灾害都发生在九宫。木气在上方，所以风化八；火运居中但不及，火气在下方。其气化表现为上方的风，适宜用金味的辛凉来治疗；中间的热，适宜用水味的咸和来治疗；下方的热，适宜用水味的咸寒来治疗。这是药物和食物相宜的原则。
大凡这些定期运行的规律，胜复和正化，都有固定的常数，不可不仔细考察。所以懂得要领的人，一句话就能概括始终；不懂得要领的人，就会流散无穷，说的就是这个道理。
总结上文，意思是凡是定期运行的规律，胜复出现在运不及的年份，正化出现在运太过的年份，都有固定常数，贵在考察并掌握其要领。
黄帝说：好。五运之气，也有复气吗？
上文提到太过为正化，不及则有胜复。黄帝承接上文，询问五运之气，在一年之中，是否也有复气？复气，是指先郁结后发越。
岐伯说：郁结到极点才会发越，必须等待时机才发作。
复气，是郁结到极点才发越，其发作必然等待时机。是指岁运与主时之气相合之后才开始复气。
黄帝说：请问这是什么意思？
等待时机才发作，是什么意思？
岐伯说：木火土金水五常之气，太过和不及，其发作情况是不同的。
木、火、土、金、水五常之气，有过剩的，有不足的，其发作情况不同。不同，指不常规。不常规，所以有待机而发的特点。
黄帝说：希望听您详尽说明。
岐伯说：太过之气发作猛烈，不及之气发作缓慢。发作猛烈的病势重，发作缓慢的病势持久。
太过之气受郁结的，其发作猛烈；不及之气受郁结的，其发作缓慢。发作猛烈的，致病也重；发作缓慢的，致病也持久。持，通“待”，指持久。
太过的数列举成数，是衰退的征兆。不及的数列举生数，是盛旺的基础。土生万物，无论多少，常取生数，不列举成数。这是申明上文太过之运，则列举六、七、八、九的成数归属它，土数只有五，常取生数，不取成数，这是在中运而言如此，而上下的六气则不然，因为运有常态，气无常态。
黄帝说：其发作情况如何？
郁结到极点才发越，发越的情况如何？
岐伯说：土郁的发越，山岩山谷震动，雷声轰鸣于气交之间，尘土飞扬昏暗呈黄黑色，转化为白色气体，飘骤于高深之处，击石飞空，洪水随之而来，河流泛滥漫延，田野牧场泥泞如土驹奔跑。化气于是敷布，善于降下及时雨，开始生长，开始化育成熟。所以百姓患病心腹胀满，肠鸣且频繁腹泻，严重时心痛胁痛，呕吐霍乱，饮邪发作导致泄泻不止，浮肿身体沉重。云奔雨府，霞拥朝阳，山泽尘土昏暗，这是土郁将要发越的征兆。在四之气时，云层横亘天山，浮游生灭，这是土气怫郁的先兆。
长，读上声。数，音朔。横，去声。以下同。五运在中，土位中央，所以首先论述土郁的发越。土气通于山谷，所以其发越时，山岩山谷震动。震惊，由静变动。雷出地奋，所以雷声轰鸣于气交之间。殷，盛大。气交，指六七月之间。雷声轰鸣于气交之间，则尘土飞扬昏暗呈黄黑色，指土埃昏冒，而有黄黑之色。尘土昏暗黄黑，则转化为白色气体，飘骤于高深之处，指高山深谷之间，白气飘骤，不安宁。飘骤高深，则击石飞空，洪水随之而来，指山石崩裂，洪水发作。洪水随之而来，则河流泛滥漫延，田野牧场泥泞如土驹奔跑。牧，犹养。土驹，土块如马驹。郁气既已发越，其后则化气敷布，善于降下及时雨。善于降下及时雨，则开始生长，开始化育成熟，此郁发之气，也主宰岁气而生成万物。土郁发则湿气胜，所以百姓患病心腹胀满，肠鸣频繁腹泻。数后，指大便频数。严重时心痛胁痛，呕吐霍乱，饮邪发作泄泻不止，浮肿身体沉重，都是土湿的病证。土气欲发，则云奔雨府，霞拥朝阳，山泽尘土昏暗，这是将要发越的征兆。三之气为太阴湿土，郁结后才发越，发越必过期，所以在四之气。土气先郁结，所以云层横亘天山，云气浮游，生灭无常，这是土气怫郁的先兆。正因为郁结，所以发越。
金郁的发越，天空洁净地面明亮，风气清劲切骨，大凉兴起，草木浮动如烟，燥气运行，雾霭多次升起，肃杀之气来到，草木苍老干枯，金气有声。所以百姓患病咳嗽气逆，心胁胀满牵引少腹，容易突发疼痛，不能翻身侧卧，咽喉干燥，面色如蒙尘色恶。山泽焦枯，土壤凝结霜卤，这是金气怫郁将要发越的征兆，其气在五之气。夜晚降下白露，树林草丛声音凄厉，这是金气怫郁的先兆。
卤，音鲁。以下同。金气坚白而劲，所以金郁发越时，天空洁净地面明亮，风气清劲切骨。对应季节为秋，所以大凉兴起。大凉兴起，则草木浮动如烟。在地为金，在天为燥，所以燥气运行。燥气运行，则郁雾多次升起。郁雾多次升起，则肃杀之气来到。肃杀之气来到，则草木苍老干枯。草木苍老干枯，则金气有声。有声，即下文林莽声音凄厉。金郁发，则燥气胜，所以百姓有咳嗽气逆的病证，心胁胀满牵引少腹，气机上下不和。容易突发疼痛，不能翻身侧卧，气机内外不利。咽喉干燥，面色如蒙尘色恶，是燥气胜的表现。凡此皆燥金之病。金气欲发，则山泽焦枯，燥气萌动，上凝霜卤，白露降下，这是金气怫郁将要发越的征兆。五之气为阳明燥金，所以其气在五。金气先郁结，则夜晚降下白露，树林草丛声音凄厉，这是金气怫郁的先兆。正因为郁结，所以发越。
水郁的发越，阳气退避，阴气暴起，大寒到来，河川沼泽严酷凝结，寒气白气凝结为霜雪，严重时黄黑昏暗遮蔽，流行于气交之间，于是成为霜杀，水气显现祥瑞。所以百姓患病寒气客于心胸致心痛，腰痛，大关节不利，屈伸不便，容易四肢厥冷，痞坚腹满。阳光不治理，空中积聚沉阴，白埃昏暗，于是发越，其气在二火前后，太虚深邃玄黑，气像麻散一样，微见而隐，色黑微黄，这是水气怫郁的先兆。
辟，作避解，便，平声。水气阴寒而湿，所以水郁发越时，阳气退避。阳气退避则阴气暴起，阴气暴起则大寒到来，河川沼泽严酷凝结。寒，白气。寒洁为霜雪，严重时水湿过甚，黄黑昏暗遮蔽且流行于气交之间，气交，冬春之交。流行于气交，寒气乘之，于是成为霜杀。时令唯春，冰雪化为雨水，所以水气显现祥瑞。水郁发而寒气胜，所以百姓患病寒气客于心胸致心痛，腰痛。腰痛则大关节不利，屈伸不便；心痛则容易四肢厥冷。水寒气盛则痞坚腹满，水气欲发则阳光不治理，空中积聚沉阴，白埃昏暗，这是水郁将要发越的征兆。二火，指君火和相火。太阳水气之郁，郁于秋末冬时。秋末乃阳明主气，阳明居少阳相火之后。太阳水气之发，流行于气交，气交乃春时厥阴主气，厥阴居少阴君火之前，所以其气在二火前后。水气郁则太虚深邃而玄黯。其气凝聚而欲散，像麻散一样，言像麻绳之紧，将有散意。气像麻散，乃微见而复隐之象。太虚深玄乃色黑而微黄之象，这是水气怫郁的先兆。正因为郁结，所以发越。
木郁的发越，太虚尘埃昏暗，云物扰动，大风到来，掀翻屋顶折断树木，木有变异，所以百姓患病胃脘当心而痛，向上支撑两胁，膈咽不通，饮食不下，严重时耳鸣眩晕，目不识人，容易突然僵仆，太虚苍埃，天山一色，或者气浊色黄黑郁结，横云不起雨，于是发越。其气无常，长川草伏，柔叶背阴，松吟高山，虎啸岩岫，这是木气怫郁的先兆。
当，如字。横，去声。风木动摇，所以木郁发越时，郁埃昏冒太虚，云物扰动。大风至则掀翻屋顶折断树木，木有变异之象。木气变故民病胃脘当心而痛，向上支撑两胁，膈咽不通，饮食不下，此木淫土虚之病。严重时耳鸣眩晕，目不识人，容易突然僵仆，此风淫木虚之病。木气郁发则太虚苍埃。夫太虚苍埃，乃天心一色或者气浊色。气浊色者，乃黄黑郁结。天山一色，黄黑郁结则上下尘蒙。故横云上腾而不起雨，这是木郁将要发越的征兆。木动风生，四时皆有，所以其气无常。偃，仆也。呈阴，背向面也。风生则长川草仆。柔叶呈阴，甚至松吟高山，虎啸岩岫。这是木气郁怫的先兆。正因为郁结，所以发越。
火郁的发越，太虚昏暗，大明不显，炎火运行，大暑到来，山泽焚烧，木材流津，广厦腾烟，土浮霜卤，止水减少，蔓草焦黄，风行惑言，湿化滞后。所以百姓患病少气，疮疡痈肿，胁腹胸背，面首
Gan (Sweet) harmonizes; old editions erroneously read Xian (Salty) harmonizes, now corrected. Jia years belong to excessive Earth運 (Earth Movement), therefore in Jia Shen and Jia Yin years, the Si Tian (Heavenly Ruler) Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo (Ministerial Fire), the Zhong Yun (Central Movement) is Tai Gong Earth Movement, and the Zai Quan (Earthly Sovereign) Qi is Jueyin Fengmu (Wind-Wood). Ministerial Fire is above, thus the Fire transformation number is two; Earth Movement is central and excessive, thus the Rain transformation number is five; Wood Qi is below, thus the Wind transformation number is eight. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Heat above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water; when the transformation manifests as Dampness in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Harmonizing flavor of Earth; when the transformation manifests as Wind below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Pungent-Cool flavor of Metal. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Yi You and Yi Mao years, the Si Tian Qi is Yangming Jinqiu (Dryness-Metal), the Zhong Yun is Shao Shang Metal Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo (Fire-Fire). The Rehua (Heat Transformation) and Hanhua (Cold Transformation) win and compensate simultaneously; this is the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster occurs in Palace Seven. Dryness transformation is four, Coolness transformation is four, Heat transformation is two; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Bitter-Slightly Warm is suitable; in the middle, Bitter-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Salty-Cold is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Yi years belong to deficient Metal Movement. Therefore, in Yi You and Yi Mao years, the Si Tian Qi is Yangming Jinqiu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Shang Metal Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo. Due to deficient Metal Movement, initially the Heat Transformation of Fire prevails, subsequently the Cold Transformation of Water retaliates. The Winning Qi and Retaliating Qi jointly govern the Qi of the year; they do not constitute the transformation of the upright Qi of the upper, middle, and lower regions, but rather the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. In all years of Yi Movement, disasters occur in Palace Seven. Metal Qi is above, thus Dryness transformation is four; Metal Movement is central but deficient, thus Coolness transformation is four; Fire Qi is below, thus Heat transformation is two. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Dryness above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Slightly Warm flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Coolness in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Harmonizing flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Heat below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Bing Xu and Bing Chen years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi (Water-Cold), the Zhong Yun is Tai Yu Water Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyin Shitu (Damp-Earth). Cold transformation is six, Rain transformation is five; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Bitter-Hot is suitable; in the middle, Salty-Warm is suitable; below, Sweet-Hot is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Bing years belong to excessive Water Movement. Therefore, in Bing Xu and Bing Chen years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi, the Zhong Yun is Tai Yu Water Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyin Shitu. Water Qi is above, Water Movement is central and excessive, thus both manifest as Cold transformation six. Earth Qi is below, thus Rain transformation is five. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Cold above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Hot flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Cold in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Warm flavor of Water; when the transformation manifests as Dampness below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Hot flavor of Earth. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Ding Hai and Ding Si years, the Si Tian Qi is Jueyin Fengmu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Jiao Wood Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo. Qinghua (Coolness Transformation) and Rehua (Heat Transformation) win and compensate simultaneously; this is the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster occurs in Palace Three. Wind transformation is three, Fire transformation is seven; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Pungent-Cool is suitable; in the middle, Pungent-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Salty-Cold is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Ding years belong to deficient Wood Movement. Therefore, in Ding Hai and Ding Si years, the Si Tian Qi is Jueyin Fengmu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Jiao Wood Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo. Due to deficient Wood Movement, initially the Coolness Transformation of Metal prevails, subsequently the Heat Transformation of Fire retaliates. The Winning Qi and Retaliating Qi jointly govern the Qi of the year; they do not constitute the transformation of the upright Qi of the upper, middle, and lower regions, but rather the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. In all years of Ding Movement, disasters occur in Palace Three. Wood Qi is above, Wood Movement is central but deficient, thus both manifest as Wind transformation three; Fire Qi is below, thus Fire transformation is seven. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Wind above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Pungent-Cool flavor of Metal; when the transformation manifests as Wind in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Pungent-Harmonizing flavor of Metal; when the transformation manifests as Fire below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Wu Zi and Wu Wu years, the Si Tian Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo, the Zhong Yun is Tai Zheng Fire Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Yangming Jinqiu. Heat transformation is seven, Coolness transformation is nine; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Salty-Cold is suitable; in the middle, Sweet-Cold is suitable; below, Sour-Warm is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Wu years belong to excessive Fire Movement. Therefore, in Wu Zi and Wu Wu years, the Si Tian Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo, the Zhong Yun is Tai Zheng Fire Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Yangming Jinqiu. Fire Qi is above, Fire Movement is central and excessive, thus both manifest as Heat transformation seven; Metal Qi is below, thus Coolness transformation is nine. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Heat above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water; when the transformation manifests as Heat in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Cold flavor of Earth; when the transformation manifests as Coolness below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sour-Warm flavor of Wood. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Ji Chou and Ji Wei years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyin Shitu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Gong Earth Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi. Fenghua (Wind Transformation) and Qinghua (Coolness Transformation) win and compensate simultaneously; this is the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster occurs in Palace Five. Rain transformation is five, Cold transformation is one; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Bitter-Hot is suitable; in the middle, Sweet-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Sweet-Hot is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Ji years belong to deficient Earth Movement. Therefore, in Ji Chou and Ji Wei years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyin Shitu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Gong Earth Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi. Due to deficient Earth Movement, initially the Wind Transformation of Wood prevails, subsequently the Coolness Transformation of Metal retaliates. The Winning Qi and Retaliating Qi jointly govern the Qi of the year; they do not constitute the transformation of the upright Qi of the upper, middle, and lower regions, but rather the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. In all years of Ji Movement, disasters occur in Palace Five. Earth Qi is above, Earth Movement is central but deficient, thus both manifest as Rain transformation five; Water Qi is below, thus Cold transformation is one. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Dampness above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Hot flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Dampness in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Harmonizing flavor of Earth; when the transformation manifests as Cold below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Hot flavor of Earth. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Geng Yin and Geng Shen years, the Si Tian Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo, the Zhong Yun is Tai Shang Metal Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Jueyin Fengmu. Fire transformation is seven, Coolness transformation is nine, Wind transformation is three; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Salty-Cold is suitable; in the middle, Pungent-Warm is suitable; below, Pungent-Cool is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Geng years belong to excessive Metal Movement. Therefore, in Geng Yin and Geng Shen years, the Si Tian Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo, the Zhong Yun is Tai Shang Metal Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Jueyin Fengmu. Fire Qi is above, thus Fire transformation is seven; Metal Movement is central and excessive, thus Coolness transformation is nine; Wood Qi is below, thus Wind transformation is three. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Heat above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water; when the transformation manifests as Coolness in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Pungent-Cool flavor of Metal. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Xin Mao and Xin You years, the Si Tian Qi is Yangming Jinqiu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Yu Water Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo. Yuhua (Rain Transformation) and Fenghua (Wind Transformation) win and compensate simultaneously; this is the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster occurs in Palace One. Coolness transformation is nine, Cold transformation is one, Heat transformation is seven; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Bitter-Slightly Warm is suitable; in the middle, Bitter-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Salty-Cold is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Xin years belong to deficient Water Movement. Therefore, in Xin Mao and Xin You years, the Si Tian Qi is Yangming Jinqiu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Yu Water Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyin Huohuo. Due to deficient Water Movement, initially the Dampness Transformation of Earth prevails, subsequently the Wind Transformation of Wood retaliates. The Winning Qi and Retaliating Qi jointly govern the Qi of the year; they do not constitute the transformation of the upright Qi of the upper, middle, and lower regions, but rather the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. In all years of Xin Movement, disasters occur in Palace One. Metal Qi is above, thus Coolness transformation is nine; Water Movement is central but deficient, thus Cold transformation is one; Fire Qi is below, thus Heat transformation is seven. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Coolness above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Slightly Warm flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Cold in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Harmonizing flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Heat below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Ren Chen and Ren Xu years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi, the Zhong Yun is Tai Jiao Wood Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyin Shitu. Cold transformation is six, Wind transformation is eight, Rain transformation is five; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Bitter-Warm is suitable; in the middle, Sour-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Sweet-Warm is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Ren years belong to excessive Wood Movement. Therefore, in Ren Chen and Ren Xu years, the Si Tian Qi is Taiyang Shuiqi, the Zhong Yun is Tai Jiao Wood Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Taiyin Shitu. Water Qi is above, thus Cold transformation is six; Wood Movement is central and excessive, thus Wind transformation is eight; Earth Qi is below, thus Rain transformation is five. This constitutes the normal degree of transformation for the upper, middle, and lower Qi. When the transformation manifests as Cold above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Bitter-Warm flavor of Fire; when the transformation manifests as Wind in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sour-Harmonizing flavor of Wood; when the transformation manifests as Dampness below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Sweet-Warm flavor of Earth. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
In Gui Si and Gui Hai years, the Si Tian Qi is Jueyin Fengmu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Zheng Fire Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo. Hanhua (Cold Transformation) and Yuhua (Rain Transformation) win and compensate simultaneously; this is the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. Disaster occurs in Palace Nine. Wind transformation is eight, Fire transformation is two; this is the degree of normal transformation. For its transformations: above, Pungent-Cool is suitable; in the middle, Salty-Harmonizing is suitable; below, Salty-Cold is suitable. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Gui years belong to deficient Fire Movement. Therefore, in Gui Si and Gui Hai years, the Si Tian Qi is Jueyin Fengmu, the Zhong Yun is Shao Zheng Fire Movement, and the Zai Quan Qi is Shaoyang Xianghuo. Due to deficient Fire Movement, initially the Cold Transformation of Water prevails, subsequently the Rain Transformation of Earth retaliates. The Winning Qi and Retaliating Qi jointly govern the Qi of the year; they do not constitute the transformation of the upright Qi of the upper, middle, and lower regions, but rather the degree of pathogenic Qi transformation. In all years of Gui Movement, disasters occur in Palace Nine. Wood Qi is above, thus Wind transformation is eight; Fire Movement is central but deficient, Fire Qi is below. When the transformation manifests as Wind above, it is appropriate to treat it with the Pungent-Cool flavor of Metal; when the transformation manifests as Heat in the middle, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Harmonizing flavor of Water; when the transformation manifests as Heat below, it is appropriate to treat it with the Salty-Cold flavor of Water. This represents the compatibility of medicines and foods.
Generally speaking, in these regular cycles, the Winning/Retaliating and Normal Transformations all have fixed constants that must be carefully observed. Thus, those who grasp the essence can summarize it in a single statement, while those who do not grasp the essence will scatter infinitely. This is what is meant.
Summarizing the above, it means that in regular cycles, Winning/Retaliating occurs in years of deficient movement, and Normal Transformation occurs in years of excessive movement; all have fixed constants, and it is valuable to observe and grasp their essence.
The Emperor said: Excellent. Do the Qi of the Five Movements also have Retaliation?
The above text stated that Excessive is Normal Transformation, and Deficient involves Winning/Retaliating. The Emperor, following the previous text, asks whether the Qi of the Five Movements also has Retaliation within a single year? Retaliation refers to first stagnation and then eruption.
Qi Bo said: Eruption occurs only when stagnation reaches its extreme, and it acts according to the timing.
Retaliation erupts only when stagnation reaches its extreme; its eruption must wait for the proper time. It means that the Yearly Movement combines with the Dominant Season Qi before the Retaliation begins.
The Emperor said: Please explain what you mean by this?
What does "acting according to the timing" mean?
Qi Bo said: The Qi of the Five Constants (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water), whether excessive or deficient, erupts differently.
The Qi of the Five Constants—Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water—has excess and deficiency, and their eruptions differ. "Different" means irregular. Irregularity implies waiting for the right moment.
The Emperor said: I wish to hear this completely.
I wish to hear thoroughly the meanings of excess and deficiency.
Qi Bo said: Excess erupts violently, deficiency erupts slowly. Violent eruption leads to severe disease, slow eruption leads to persistent disease.
When Excess Qi is stagnant, its eruption is violent; when Deficient Qi is stagnant, its eruption is slow. Violent eruption results in severe disease, slow eruption results in persistent disease. "Persistent" means lingering.
The Emperor said: What are the numbers for Excess and Deficiency?
What are the Generation and Completion numbers for the Excess and Deficiency of the Five Movements?
Qi Bo said: Excess uses Completion numbers, Deficiency uses Generation numbers, and Earth always uses Generation numbers.
Excess lists Completion numbers, which are omens of decline. Deficiency lists Generation numbers, which are foundations of prosperity. Earth generates all things, regardless of size, always using Generation numbers, never listing Completion numbers. This clarifies the previous text: for Excessive Movements, the Completion numbers six, seven, eight, and nine are attributed to them; Earth's number is only five, always using Generation numbers, not Completion numbers. This applies to the Central Five Movements, but not to the Upper and Lower Six Qi, because Movements have constancy, while Qi does not.
The Emperor said: How does the eruption manifest?
When stagnation reaches its extreme and erupts, how does the eruption manifest?
Qi Bo said: When Earth Stagnation erupts, rocks and valleys tremble, thunder roars at the intersection of Qi, dust obscures the sky turning yellow-black, transforming into white Qi, drifting and storming high and deep, striking stones and flying in the air, floods follow, rivers overflow and spread, fields and pastures become muddy like running earth-horses. The Transformation Qi then spreads, bringing timely rains, initiating growth, development, transformation, and completion. Thus, people suffer from abdominal distension and fullness, borborygmus and frequent diarrhea; severely, heart pain, hypochondriac pain, vomiting, cholera-like disorders, fluid retention with profuse diarrhea, edema, and heavy body. Clouds rush to the Rain Mansion, morning glow embraces the sun, mountains and marshes are obscured by dust; this is the omen of Earth Stagnation about to erupt. In the Fourth Qi, clouds cross the Heavenly Mountain, floating and vanishing unpredictably; this is the precursor of Earth Qi oppression. Only because it is oppressed does it erupt.
Zhang (grow) is pronounced with the rising tone. Shuo (number) is pronounced 'shuo'. Heng (horizontal) is pronounced with the departing tone. Below follows the same pronunciation. The Five Movements are in the center, Earth occupies the central position, so the eruption of Earth Stagnation is discussed first. Earth Qi connects with valleys, so upon eruption, rocks and valleys tremble. Trembling is movement from stillness. Thunder rises from the earth, so thunder roars at the intersection of Qi. Yin (thunder) means abundant. Intersection of Qi refers to the period between the sixth and seventh months. Thunder roaring at the intersection of Qi causes dust to obscure the sky yellow-black, meaning Earth dust obscures with yellow-black color. Dust obscuring yellow-black transforms into white Qi, drifting and storming high and deep, meaning in high mountains and deep valleys, white Qi drifts and storms, unrestful. Drifting and storming high and deep strikes stones and flies in the air, and floods follow, meaning mountain rocks crack and floods arise. Floods follow, rivers overflow and spread, fields and pastures become muddy like running earth-horses. Mu (pasture) means raising. Tuju (earth-horse) means earth clods like foals. Once Stagnation Qi erupts, thereafter Transformation Qi spreads, bringing timely rains. Bringing timely rains initiates growth, development, transformation, and completion. This erupting Qi also governs the Yearly Qi to generate all things. Earth Stagnation erupts, Dampness prevails, so people suffer from abdominal distension and fullness, borborygmus and frequent diarrhea. Shuhou means frequent bowel movements. Severely, heart pain, hypochondriac pain, vomiting, cholera-like disorders, fluid retention with profuse diarrhea, edema, and heavy body are all diseases of Earth Dampness. Earth Qi desires to erupt, clouds rush to the Rain Mansion, morning glow embraces the sun, mountains and marshes are obscured by dust; this is the omen of impending eruption. The Third Qi is Taiyin Damp-Earth, stagnant then erupts, eruption must be delayed, hence the Fourth Qi. Earth Qi stagnates first, hence clouds cross the Heavenly Mountain, cloud Qi floats, generation and destruction are unpredictable; this is the precursor of Earth Qi oppression. Because it is oppressed, it erupts.
When Metal Stagnation erupts, the sky is clean and the earth bright, wind Qi is clear and cutting, great coolness arises, grass and trees float like smoke, Dryness Qi moves, fog rises frequently, killing Qi arrives, grass and trees turn pale and dry, Metal makes sound. Thus, people suffer from cough and reverse Qi, chest and hypochondriac fullness radiating to the lower abdomen, prone to sudden pain, unable to turn over, dry throat, dusty and ugly complexion. Mountains and marshes are scorched and dry, soil congeals with frost and salt; this is the omen of Metal Qi oppression about to erupt, its Qi is in the Fifth Qi. Night dew falls, forests and thickets sound desolate; this is the precursor of Metal Qi oppression.
Lu (salt) is pronounced 'lu'. Below follows the same. Metal Qi is firm, white, and vigorous, so when Metal Stagnation erupts, the sky is clean and the earth bright, wind Qi is clear and cutting. Corresponding to Autumn, great coolness arises. Great coolness arising, grass and trees float like smoke. On earth it is Metal, in heaven it is Dryness, so Dryness Qi moves. Dryness Qi moving, fog rises frequently. Fog rising frequently, killing Qi arrives. Killing Qi arriving, grass and trees turn pale and dry. Grass and trees turning pale and dry, Metal makes sound. Sound means the forest thicket sounds desolate below. Metal Stagnation erupts, Dryness prevails, so people suffer from cough and reverse Qi, chest and hypochondriac fullness radiating to the lower abdomen, Qi mechanism disordered up and down. Prone to sudden pain, unable to turn over, Qi mechanism obstructed inside and out. Dry throat, dusty and ugly complexion, Dryness prevails. All these are diseases of Dry Metal. Metal Qi desires to erupt, mountains and marshes are scorched and dry, Dryness萌 (sprouts), frost and salt condense above, white dew falls; this is the omen of Metal Qi oppression about to erupt. The Fifth Qi is Yangming Dry-Metal, so its Qi is five. Metal Qi stagnates first, night dew falls, forests and thickets sound desolate; this is the precursor of Metal Qi oppression. Because it is oppressed, it erupts.
When Water Stagnation erupts, Yang Qi retreats, Yin Qi rises violently, great cold arrives, rivers and marshes freeze strictly, cold Qi and white Qi condense into frost and snow, severely yellow-black obscures, flowing through the intersection of Qi, becoming frost-killing, Water shows auspicious signs. Thus, people suffer from cold invading the heart causing heart pain, waist and back pain, large joint stiffness, difficulty bending and stretching, prone to cold extremities, epigastric hardness and abdominal fullness. Sunlight fails to govern, empty space accumulates sinking Yin, white dust obscures vision, then it erupts, its Qi is before and after the Two Fires, the Great Void is deep and dark, Qi scatters like hemp fibers, faintly visible and hidden, color black slightly yellow; this is the precursor of Water Qi oppression.
Bi (avoid) is pronounced as 'bi', bian, level tone. Water Qi is Yin, cold, and damp, so when Water Stagnation erupts, Yang Qi retreats. Yang Qi retreating, Yin Qi rises violently. Yin Qi rising violently, great cold arrives, rivers and marshes freeze strictly. Hanhan (cold mist) is white Qi. Cold mist pure becomes frost and snow, severely water-dampness excessive, yellow-black obscures and flows through the intersection of Qi. Intersection of Qi is the transition between Winter and Spring. Flowing through the intersection of Qi, cold Qi takes advantage, becoming frost-killing. The season is Spring, ice and snow melt into rainwater, so Water shows auspicious signs. Water Stagnation erupts, Cold prevails, so people suffer from cold invading the heart causing heart pain, waist and back pain. Waist and back pain causes large joint stiffness, difficulty bending and stretching; heart pain causes prone cold extremities. Water Cold Qi excessive causes epigastric hardness and abdominal fullness. Water Qi desires to erupt, sunlight fails to govern, empty space accumulates sinking Yin, white dust obscures vision; this is the omen of Water Stagnation about to erupt. Two Fires refer to Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire. Taiyang Water Qi stagnates at the end of Autumn and during Winter. End of Autumn is dominated by Yangming Qi, Yangming is after Shaoyang Ministerial Fire. Taiyang Water Qi erupts, flowing through the intersection of Qi. Intersection of Qi is Spring, dominated by Jueyin Qi, Jueyin is before Shaoyin Sovereign Fire, so its Qi is before and after the Two Fires. Water Qi stagnates, the Great Void is deep and dark. Its Qi condenses and desires to scatter, like hemp fibers, meaning tight like hemp rope, about to scatter. Qi scattering like hemp fibers is the image of faintly visible and hidden. Great Void deep and dark is the image of color black slightly yellow; this is the precursor of Water Qi oppression. Because it is oppressed, it erupts.
When Wood Stagnation erupts, the Great Void is obscured by dust, clouds and objects are disturbed, great wind arrives, roofs are blown off and trees broken, Wood undergoes change. Thus, people suffer from epigastric pain centered on the heart, radiating upward to support both hypochondria, obstruction of the diaphragm and throat, inability to eat and drink; severely, tinnitus, vertigo, blindness, inability to recognize people, prone to sudden stiff collapse. The Great Void is gray with dust, mountain and sky one color, or turbid Qi color, yellow-black oppressive. Horizontal clouds rise without rain, then it erupts. Its Qi is irregular, long rivers bend grass, soft leaves show shade, pines sing on high mountains, tigers roar in rock peaks; this is the precursor of Wood Qi oppression.
Dang (center) is read as written. Heng (horizontal) is pronounced with the departing tone. Wind-Wood shakes, so when Wood Stagnation erupts, oppressive dust obscures the Great Void, clouds and objects are disturbed. Great wind arrives, blowing off roofs and breaking trees, Wood shows signs of mutation. Wood Qi mutation causes people to suffer from epigastric pain centered on the heart, radiating upward to support both hypochondria, obstruction of the diaphragm and throat, inability to eat and drink; this is Wood excess and Earth deficiency disease. Severely, tinnitus, vertigo, blindness, inability to recognize people, prone to sudden stiff collapse; this is Wind excess and Wood deficiency disease. Wood Qi stagnation erupts, the Great Void is gray with dust. The Great Void gray with dust is the color of the Heavenly Heart, or turbid Qi color. Turbid Qi color is yellow-black oppressive. Mountain and sky one color, yellow-black oppressive means dust covers up and down. Hence horizontal clouds rise without rain; this is the omen of Wood Stagnation about to erupt. Wood moves, Wind generates, present in all four seasons, so its Qi is irregular. Yan (fall) means collapse. Chengyin (show shade) means facing away. Wind generating, long rivers bend grass. Soft leaves showing shade, even pines singing on high mountains, tigers roaring in rock peaks. This is the precursor of Wood Qi oppression. Because it is oppressed, it erupts.
When Fire Stagnation erupts, the Great Void is dim and obscured, the Great Brightness does not shine,炎火 (blazing fire) moves, great heat arrives, mountains and marshes burn, timber flows with sap, grand mansions emit smoke, soil floats with frost and salt, standing water decreases, creeping grass turns yellow and dry, wind moves confusing words, Dampness transformation is delayed. Thus, people suffer from shortness of breath, sores, ulcers, carbuncles, and swelling, affecting the hypochondrium, abdomen, chest, back, face, and head