脉∶湿则濡缓，或兼涩小。入里缓沉，浮缓在表。若缓而弦，风湿相搅。湿症者，有内中湿、有外中湿。
人之体虚，苟有不谨，自然而中也。外中湿者，或感山岚瘴气，或被雨湿蒸气，或远行涉水，或久卧湿地，或
汗衣湿鞋，则湿从外而中矣。其症头重目眩、身体骨节疼痛、手足酸软、四肢倦怠麻木、腿膝肿痛、体重跗肿、
筋脉拘挛、小肠疝气、偏坠浮肿吊痛、目黄、小便赤黄等症，皆外中湿也。内中湿者，皆因生冷水食，或浓味
醇酒过多停滞，脾虚不能运化，停于三焦，注于肌肉，渗于皮肤，则湿从内而中矣。湿伤脾者，肿胀泄泻、身
黄脉涩也，湿伤肺者，咳嗽喘急、身热恶寒也；湿伤肾者，腰脚重、骨节酸疼也；湿伤肝者，大筋软短、目
昏胁痛也。湿入腑者，则麻木不仁也；湿入脏者，则屈伸不能也。
中湿腹胀满者，邪在里也。（宜后方。）
渗湿汤 治一切湿症。
苍术（米泔制） 白术（去芦） 茯苓（各一钱半） 陈皮（一钱） 泽泻（一钱） 猪苓（一钱） 香附
抚芎 砂仁 浓朴（去皮。各七分） 甘草（三分）
上锉剂，生姜一片、灯草一团，水煎服。脾虚发肿满、气急喘嗽，去白术、甘草，加腹皮、枳壳、木香、
苏子、桑皮、萝卜子；面白浮肿去抚芎、泽泻、浓朴、香附，加山药、炒芍药、倍苍术，燥热胜湿，则豁然而收
，泻不止加肉蔻、诃子、乌梅、干姜；呕哕去浓朴、香附、抚芎，加炒山药、乌梅、炒米，甚不止加煨干姜；湿
症身体重痛、手足麻木酸软肿痛，或枯细痿弱、筋脉拘挛去香附、抚芎、浓朴、猪苓、泽泻，加当归、生地、芍
药、木香、乳香、薄桂、牛膝、酒芩、羌活、防风，盖风胜湿也。
中湿而一身尽痛者，邪在表也。
除湿羌活汤 治风湿相搏，一身尽痛。
苍术（米泔浸） 本（各二钱） 羌活（七分） 防风（去芦） 升麻 柴胡（各五分）
上锉一剂，水煎温服。
中湿而偏枯冷痹者，肾气虚也。
独活寄生汤 治肾气虚弱，冷卧湿地，腰背拘急、筋挛骨痛，当风取凉过度，风邪流入脚膝，为偏枯
冷痹，缓弱疼痛、牵引脚重、行步艰难，并白虎历节风痛。
独活 桑寄生 牛膝（酒洗，去芦） 杜仲（姜酒炒） 秦艽 细辛 桂心 川芎 白芍（酒炒） 茯苓
（去皮） 人参 当归 熟地 防风（去芦。各等分） 甘草（减半）
上锉生姜三片，水煎，空心温服。外用金凤花、柏子仁、朴硝、木瓜煎汤洗浴，每日三次。
余尝治一人，下元虚冷，寒湿香港脚，肿痛焦枯，卧床不起，步履艰辛。根据本方各一两，用好酒十壶，煮一
炷香取出去火毒，每日饮三次，酒尽行步如故，又服一料痊愈。
脉象：湿邪所致之脉多濡缓，或兼见涩小。若湿邪入里，脉象缓而沉；若湿邪在表，脉象浮而缓。若脉象缓而弦，则为风湿二气相互搏结。湿证分为内中湿与外中湿两类。
人体正气虚弱，若不谨慎调摄，湿邪便会自然侵入体内。所谓外中湿，是指感受山岚瘴气，或被雨淋、湿气蒸腾所侵，或长途跋涉涉水，或久卧湿地，或穿着汗湿的衣物、潮湿的鞋履，致使湿邪从外部侵入人体。其症状表现为头重目眩、身体及骨节疼痛、手足酸软无力、四肢倦怠麻木、腿膝肿痛、身体沉重且足背浮肿、筋脉拘挛、小肠疝气、睾丸偏坠浮肿牵引作痛、目黄、小便赤黄等症，这些均属于外中湿。所谓内中湿，皆因过食生冷冷水食物，或浓味厚腻饮食、醇酒过多导致停滞，脾虚不能运化水湿，湿气停留于三焦，注于肌肉，渗入皮肤，致使湿邪从内部产生并侵袭人体。湿邪损伤脾脏，则出现肿胀、泄泻、身黄、脉涩；湿邪损伤肺脏，则出现咳嗽、气喘急促、身热恶寒；湿邪损伤肾脏，则出现腰脚沉重、骨节酸痛；湿邪损伤肝脏，则出现大筋软短、目昏、胁痛。湿邪侵入六腑，则出现麻木不仁；湿邪侵入五脏，则出现屈伸不利。
渗湿汤：治疗一切湿证。
药材组成：苍术（米泔水制）、白术（去芦头）、茯苓（各一钱半）、陈皮（一钱）、泽泻（一钱）、猪苓（一钱）、香附、抚芎（川芎的一种）、砂仁、浓朴（去皮，各七分）、甘草（三分）。
用法：以上药物切碎为一剂，加入生姜一片、灯草一团，用水煎煮后服用。若因脾虚导致发肿满、气急喘嗽，去掉白术、甘草，加腹皮、枳壳、木香、苏子、桑白皮、萝卜子；若面色白且浮肿，去掉抚芎、泽泻、浓朴、香附，加山药、炒芍药，加倍使用苍术；若燥热胜湿，则豁然痊愈；若腹泻不止，加肉蔻、诃子、乌梅、干姜；若呕吐呃逆，去掉浓朴、香附、抚芎，加炒山药、乌梅、炒米，若仍不止，加煨干姜；若湿证导致身体重痛、手足麻木酸软肿痛，或枯细痿弱、筋脉拘挛，去掉香附、抚芎、浓朴、猪苓、泽泻，加当归、生地、芍药、木香、乳香、薄桂、牛膝、酒芩、羌活、防风，因为风能胜湿。
除湿羌活汤：治疗风湿相搏，全身疼痛。
药材组成：苍术（米泔水浸）、本（藁本，各二钱）、羌活（七分）、防风（去芦头）、升麻、柴胡（各五分）。
用法：以上药物切碎为一剂，用水煎煮后温服。
独活寄生汤：治疗肾气虚弱，因冷卧湿地，导致腰背拘急、筋挛骨痛；或因当风取凉过度，风邪流入脚膝，形成偏枯冷痹，表现为缓弱疼痛、牵引脚重、行走艰难，以及白虎历节风痛。
药材组成：独活、桑寄生、牛膝（酒洗，去芦头）、杜仲（姜酒炒）、秦艽、细辛、桂心、川芎、白芍（酒炒）、茯苓（去皮）、人参、当归、熟地、防风（去芦头，以上各等分）、甘草（减半）。
用法：以上药物切碎，加入生姜三片，用水煎煮，空腹温服。外用金凤花、柏子仁、朴硝、木瓜煎汤洗浴，每日三次。
我曾治疗一人，下元虚冷，患有寒湿香港脚（痛风/下肢关节病），肿痛焦枯，卧床不起，步履艰辛。根据本方每味药各一两，用好酒十壶，煮至一炷香的时间，取出以去火毒，每日饮用三次，酒尽后行走如常，又服用一料药后痊愈。
Pulse: The pulse associated with dampness is soggy and slow, or may be accompanied by choppy and small qualities. If dampness enters the interior, the pulse is slow and deep; if dampness remains in the exterior, the pulse is floating and slow. If the pulse is slow and wiry, it indicates a struggle between wind-dampness (Fengshi, Wind-Dampness). Dampness syndromes are categorized into internal dampness invasion (Nei Zhong Shi) and external dampness invasion (Wai Zhong Shi).
When the human body is deficient in healthy qi (Zhengqi), failure to exercise caution leads to natural invasion by dampness. External dampness invasion occurs through exposure to mountain miasma (Shanlan Zhangqi), rain and steamy humidity, long-distance travel through water, prolonged lying on damp ground, or wearing sweat-soaked clothes and wet shoes, causing dampness to invade from the outside. Symptoms include heavy head and dizzy vision, pain in the body and joints, soreness and weakness of hands and feet, fatigue and numbness of the four limbs, swelling and pain of legs and knees, heaviness of the body and edema of the dorsum of the foot, tendon and vessel spasms, intestinal hernia, unilateral testicular swelling and dragging pain, yellow eyes, and dark yellow urine. These are all manifestations of external dampness invasion. Internal dampness invasion arises from consuming raw cold water and food, or excessive intake of rich flavors and strong wine leading to stagnation. Due to spleen deficiency failing to transform and transport, dampness stays in the Triple Burner (Sanjiao), pours into muscles, and seeps into the skin, causing dampness to arise from within. When dampness injures the Spleen, it causes distension, edema, diarrhea, jaundice, and a choppy pulse. When dampness injures the Lung, it causes coughing, wheezing and urgency, fever, and aversion to cold. When dampness injures the Kidney, it causes heaviness of the waist and legs, and soreness and pain of joints. When dampness injures the Liver, it causes shortening and softening of large tendons, blurred vision, and hypochondriac pain. When dampness enters the Fu organs, it causes numbness and insensitivity. When dampness enters the Zang organs, it causes inability to flex and extend.
Abdominal distension and fullness due to dampness invasion indicate the pathogen is in the interior. (The following formula is appropriate.)
Shen Shi Tang (Damp-Draining Decoction): Treats all dampness syndromes.
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, prepared with rice wash water), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, removed rhizome tip), Fuling (Poria, each 1.5 qian), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, 1 qian), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis, 1 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus, 1 qian), Xiangfu (Rhizoma Cyperi), Fuxiong (Radix Chuanxiong), Sharen (Fructus Amomi), Nongpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, peeled, each 0.7 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 0.3 qian).
Preparation: Coarsely crush the ingredients for one dose. Add one slice of fresh ginger and a bundle of Jiedcao (Herba Sparganii), decoct with water, and take warm. For edema and fullness due to spleen deficiency with qi urgency and wheezing/cough, remove Baizhu and Gancao, add Fupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Zhike (Fructus Aurantii), Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Suzi (Fructus Perillae), Sangpi (Cortex Mori Radicis), and Luoboziren (Semen Raphani). For pale face and edema, remove Fuxiong, Zexie, Nongpo, and Xiangfu, add Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Chao Shaoyao (Fried Radix Paeoniae Alba), and double the dosage of Cangzhu. If dry-heat overcomes dampness, recovery will be sudden. If diarrhea persists, add Roucou (Nucis Arecae Semina), Hezi (Fructus Chebulae), Wumei (Fructus Mume), and Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens). For vomiting and hiccups, remove Nongpo, Xiangfu, and Fuxiong, add Chao Shanyao, Wumei, and Chao Mi (Fried Rice); if severe and persistent, add Wei Ganjiang (Baked Ginger). For body heaviness and pain, numbness, soreness, weakness, swelling, and pain of hands and feet, or emaciation and weakness, tendon spasms due to dampness, remove Xiangfu, Fuxiong, Nongpo, Zhuling, and Zexie, add Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shengdi (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae), Muxiang, Ruxiang (Resina Draconis), Bo Gui (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), Jiu Qin (Scutellariae Radix processed with wine), Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), and Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), as wind can overcome dampness.
Generalized body pain due to dampness invasion indicates the pathogen is in the exterior.
Chushi Qianghuo Tang (Wind-Damp-Expelling Qianghuo Decoction): Treats wind-dampness intermingling, causing generalized body pain.
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soaked in rice wash water), Bencao (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, here referring to Gaoben/Ligusticum sinense), each 2 qian; Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, 0.7 qian); Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, removed rhizome tip); Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae); Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri, each 0.5 qian).
Preparation: Coarsely crush for one dose, decoct with water, and take warm.
Hemiplegia and cold bi-syndrome due to dampness invasion indicate Kidney qi deficiency.
Duhuo Jisheng Tang (Angelica Pubescens and Taxillus Decoction): Treats Kidney qi deficiency caused by sleeping on cold damp ground, leading to stiffness and spasm of the waist and back, tendon cramping and bone pain. It also treats excessive cooling in the wind, where wind-pathogen flows into the legs and knees, causing hemiplegia and cold bi-syndrome, characterized by flaccid weakness and pain, pulling sensation with leg heaviness, difficulty walking, and gout-like joint pain (Baihu Lijie Feng).
Ingredients: Duhuo (Radix et Rhizoma Angelicae Pubescentis), Sangjisheng (Herba Taxilli), Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, washed with wine, removed rhizome tip), Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae, stir-fried with ginger and wine), Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae), Xixin (Herba Asari), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi), Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, stir-fried with wine), Fuling (Poria, removed peel), Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shudi (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, removed rhizome tip; these are equal parts), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, half part).
Preparation: Coarsely crush, add three slices of fresh ginger, decoct with water, and take warm on an empty stomach. Externally, bathe with a decoction of Jinfenghua, Baiziren (Semen Platycladi), Poxiao (Natrii Sulfas), and Mugua (Fructus Chaenomelis), three times daily.
I once treated a patient with deficiency-cold in the lower origin, suffering from cold-damp Hong Kong jiao (podagra/gout of the lower limbs), with swelling, pain, burning, and emaciation, bedridden and unable to walk. Using this formula, one liang of each herb was boiled in ten hu (a unit of volume) of good wine until the time required to burn one incense stick elapsed, then removed to eliminate fire toxicity. The patient drank this three times daily. After finishing the wine, his gait returned to normal. After taking another dose, he recovered completely.