（附伤风）
脉∶脉阳浮而阴弱，谓之伤风。邪在六经俱弦加之。阳浮，卫中风也；阴弱，荣气弱也。风伤阳，故浮虚也。
脉浮紧而无汗，谓之伤寒。寒伤荣，荣实则卫盈。阳浮紧，邪在上焦，主欲吐也。脉浮、头项痛、腰脊强，病在
太阳。脉长、身热、鼻干、目疼、不得卧，病在阳明。脉弦、胸胁痛、耳聋、往来寒热，病在少阳。脉沉细、咽
干、腹满自利，病在太阴。脉微缓、口燥舌干而渴，病在少阴。脉沉涩、烦满囊缩，病在厥阴。
左手脉来紧盛，即是伤寒，右手脉平和。右手脉来紧盛，即是饮食内伤，左手脉平和。左右手脉俱紧盛，即
是夹食伤寒，此为内伤外感。右手脉来空虚，左手脉来紧盛，即是劳力伤寒，亦为内伤外感。左右手脉来沉细或
伏，面色青，手足冷，小腹绞痛，甚则吐利，舌卷囊缩，即是夹阴中寒，此
是真阴症。
脉来浮紧有力，为寒邪在表，治宜发散，脉来沉实有力，为阴邪伏阳，治宜攻下；脉来沉细无力，此纯
阴也，宜退阴助阳；脉来沉数有力，为热相传里，宜清解邪热。
伤寒审证口诀∶
口苦者，是胆热也，口甜者，是脾热也；口燥咽干者，是肾热也；舌干口燥者，是胃热也。手心热者，
邪在里也；手背热者，邪在表也。手足温者，阳证也；手足冷者，阴证也。鼻流浊涕者，属风热也；鼻流清涕
者，属肺寒也。唇口俱肿赤者，是热极也；唇口俱青黑者，是寒极也。凡开目喜见人者，属阳也，闭目不欲见
人者，属阴也。多睡者，阳虚阴盛也，无睡者，阴虚阳盛也。喜明者属阳，元气实也；喜暗者属阴，元气虚也。
睡向壁者属阴，元气虚也；睡向外者属阳，元气实也。舌青紫者，是阴寒也；舌赤紫者，是阳毒也。谵语者，口
出无伦，邪气胜也；郑声者，语不接续，精气脱也，狂言者，无稽妄谈，邪热气胜也；独语者，无人则言，是邪
入里也。目直视者，园正而不转动也。怕木声走响者，胃虚不可下也。螈者，筋脉急而缩也， 者，筋脉缓而伸也。
伤寒治法∶
正伤寒者，大汗之，大下之。感冒暴寒者，微汗之，微下之。劳力感寒者，温散之。温热病者，微解之，
大下之。阴证似阳者，温之。阳证似阴者，下之。阳毒者，分轻重下之。阴毒者，分缓急温之。阳狂者下之，阴厥
者温之。湿热发黄者，利之、下之。血症发黄者，清之、下之。发斑者，清之、下之。谵语者，下之、清之。痞
满者，消之、泻之。结胸者，解之、下之。太阳症似少阴者，温之。少阴症似太
阳者，汗之。衄血者，解之、止之。发喘者，汗之、下之。咳嗽者，清之、解之。在表者，汗之、散之；在里
者，利之、下之。在上者，因而越之。陷下者，升而举之。从乎中者，和解之。直中阴经者，温补之。解表不
开，不可攻里，日数虽多，但见表症脉浮，尚宜汗之。里症具者，不可攻表，日数虽少，但见里症脉沉实，尤
宜下之。若同而异者明之，似是而非者辨之。
伤寒总论∶
夫寒者，天地杀厉之气也，秋之寒露、冬之霜雪，皆寒邪也。是以辛苦之人，起居不由乎节，饮食不顺
乎时，感其雾露之气，则其邪浅；感其霜雪之气，则其邪深。感而即病，名曰伤寒。不即病者，寒邪藏于肌肉
之间，伏于荣卫之内，至春因温暖之气而发者，名曰温病；至夏因暑热之气而作者，名曰热病。伤寒也、温病
也、热病也，一理而已。若乃疫疠之疾，稍有不同者，盖因春应温而反凉，夏应热而反冷，秋应凉而反热，冬
应寒而反温，四时不正之气也。感其春夏不正之气，则为温疫；感其秋冬不正之邪，则为寒疫。然其经络传变、
表里受症与伤寒同也。俗云∶时气病尔。经总论之曰伤寒所以为人之大病者，害人最速也。轩岐以下，得其治
法之秘者，唯张长沙一人而已。厥后刘河间不蹈其麻黄桂枝发表之药，自制双解散，辛凉之剂非不同也，时有
异也，彼一时也。奈五运六气有所更，世态居民有所变，天以常静，人以常动，动则属阳，静则属阴。清平之
世，同水化也，虽有辛热之药，不生他症。扰攘之世，同火化也，若用辛热之药，则发黄生斑，变坏之病作矣。
盖人内火既动，外火又侵，所以辛热发汗不如辛温，辛温发汗不如辛凉之药发汗，一剂而立雪。以辛热之药发
汗，轻者必危，重者必死，
可不谨哉？
四时感冒风寒者，宜表解也。
十神汤 治感冒风寒，发热恶寒、头疼身痛、咳嗽喘急，或欲成疹。此药不问阴阳两感风寒及四
时不正瘟疫妄行，并宜服之。
川芎 白芷 麻黄 紫苏 陈皮 香附 赤芍 升麻 干葛 甘草
上锉剂，每服一两，生姜三片煎服。欲汗以被盖之；如发热头痛加细辛、石膏、葱白，胸膈膨闷加枳壳、
桔梗，心腹胀满加枳实、半夏；潮热加黄芩、麦门冬，咳嗽喘急加桑白皮、桔梗、半夏；大便闭加大黄、芒硝；
呕吐加藿香、半夏；泄泻加白术、茯苓；疟疾加草果、槟榔；痢疾加枳壳、黄连；腹痛加白芍。
人参败毒散 治伤寒头痛、壮热恶风及风疾、咳嗽鼻塞声重，四时瘟疫热毒，头面肿痛，痢疾发热，
诸般疮毒，小儿惊风。
柴胡 桔梗（去芦） 羌活 独活 茯苓 川芎 前胡 枳壳（去穣） 人参（去芦） 甘草（各等分）
薄荷（减半）
上锉剂，每一两，生姜煎服。
一伤寒头疼、身痛、项强，壮热恶寒、口干心中蕴热加黄芩。伤寒汗后不解，亦宜服此，一伤风鼻塞声
重、咳嗽吐痰加半夏、杏仁。一四时瘟疫流行众人，一般病者加葛根。一切火热之症加连翘、栀子、枯芩、玄
参、黄连、防风、贝母、天花粉、酒大黄、玄明粉。一酒毒发热不渴加葛根、黄连。一疟疾，不问先寒后热、先
热后寒、头疼身痛加苍术、葛根、草果、槟榔。一痢疾不问赤白、发热不退及时行疫痢加黄连、陈仓米，噤口加
石莲肉、仓米，痢后手足痛加木瓜、
槟榔。一头目眩晕，属风热者加天麻、半夏。一眼目肿痛，因风寒所感者加防风、荆芥、归尾、赤芍，去参、
苓。一香港脚流注，脚踝上 热赤肿、寒热如疟、自汗恶风加苍术、酒大黄，皮肤瘙痒加蝉蜕。一两膝赤肿、强
急作痛而热，两总筋拘急，此血热也加赤芍、大黄，或利气下之。一痛风，痛有常处、赤肿灼热，或浑身壮热，
此欲成风毒，根据本方。一肠风下血必在粪前，是名近血加黄连；又治酒毒下血，加黄连用巴豆同炒，去豆不用。
一妇人吹乳，乳痈便毒、憎寒壮热，或头痛者加金银花、僵蚕、贝母、天花粉、青皮、白芷、当归尾。一小儿
急慢惊风，初起发热、手足发搐、上窜天吊加天麻、全蝎、僵蚕、白附子、地骨皮。一小儿痘疹初起，
发热头疼疑似之间，即服此发散，加天麻、地骨皮、防风、荆芥，去参、芩。一痈疽疔疮发背乳痈，一切无毒
肿毒，发热头痛，状似伤寒加金银花、连翘、防风、荆芥。
升麻葛根汤 治伤寒头痛时疫，憎寒壮热、肢体痛、发热恶寒、鼻干不得眠，兼治寒暄不时，人多
病疫，乍暖脱衣及疮疹已发未发疑似之间宜用。
升麻（三钱） 葛根（三钱） 白芍药（二钱） 甘草（二钱）
上锉一剂，生姜三片，水煎服。头痛加葱白三根，同煎热服，咳嗽加桑白皮，上膈热加黄芩、薄荷；无汗
加麻黄，咽痛加桔梗、甘草；发黄、丹毒加玄参。
伤寒头项痛、腰脊强、热者，太阳证也。无汗恶寒，此伤寒在表，脉来浮紧有力，春夏秋用九味羌活汤，
冬月用麻黄汤。
九味羌活汤 治春夏秋非时感冒，暴寒头痛、发热无汗、脊强脉浮紧，此是太阳膀胱经受邪，宜此
发散。
羌活（二钱） 防风（一钱半） 苍术（米泔浸，一钱） 川芎（一钱半） 细
辛（三分） 白芷 生地黄 黄芩（各一钱） 甘草（三分）
上锉生姜三片、葱白三根，水煎热服。如汗不出，用紫苏叶煎汤，以器盛放被内，于脚腕下熏之，用生
姜渣绵裹，周身擦之，其汗自出。
麻黄汤 治冬月正伤寒，头疼发热恶寒、脊强、脉浮紧、无汗，为表证。此足太阳膀胱经受邪，当
发汗。
麻黄 桂枝 川芎 杏仁 白芷 防风 羌活 升麻 甘草
上锉生姜三片、葱白三根、豆豉一撮，水煎热服，以被盖出汗。
有汗恶风，此伤寒在表，脉来浮缓无力，春夏秋宜加减冲和汤，冬月宜桂枝汤。
加减冲和汤 治春夏秋感冒，非时暴寒，亦有头痛恶寒身热、脉浮缓、自汗，宜实表。
羌活 白术 川芎 白芷 黄 细辛 生地黄 防风 黄芩 甘草
上锉生姜三片、葱白三根，水煎温服。
桂枝汤 治冬月正伤寒头痛发热、恶风脊强、脉浮缓、自汗，为表症。此足太阳膀胱经受邪，当实
表散邪；无汗者不可服。
桂枝 芍药 防风 羌活 川芎 白术 甘草
上锉生姜三片、大枣一枚，水煎温服。
伤寒眼眶痛、鼻干不得眠者，阳明症也。若发热无汗，宜柴胡解肌汤，若渴而有汗不解，或经汗过不解，
宜白虎汤。
柴胡解肌汤 治足阳明胃经受症，目痛鼻干不得眠、眼眶痛、脉来微洪，宜解肌，属阳明经病。其
正阳明腑病，别有治法。
柴胡 黄芩 干葛 芍药 羌活 白芷 桔梗 石膏 甘草
上锉生姜三片、枣一枚，水煎温服。本经无汗恶寒，去黄芩加麻黄。
白虎汤 治阳明经汗后脉洪大而渴，或身热有汗不解。
石膏（五钱） 知母（二钱） 粳米（一勺） 甘草（七分） 人参（一钱） 五味子（十粒） 麦门
冬（去心） 栀子（各一钱）
上锉一剂，水煎温服。如口燥烦渴，或发赤斑，加元参、犀角名化斑汤。秋感热之疫疠，或阳明下后，大
便不固、热不退者，或湿温症热不退而大便溏者，根据本方加苍术。若伤寒汗下后，自汗虚热不退加苍术、人参，
一服通神。无汗脉浮表未解而阴气盛，虽渴不可用白虎汤∶里有热者方可用。
伤寒耳聋胸胁痛，发寒热，呕而口苦者，少阳症也，此在半表半里，宜和解，宜小柴胡汤。
小柴胡汤 治伤寒三四日，脉息弦急而数，病传少阳经也。其症头疼发热、胁痛、耳聋、呕吐、口苦、
寒热往来。
柴胡（二钱） 黄芩（一钱半） 半夏（七分） 人参（七分） 甘草（五分） 加山栀、牡丹皮，名
加味小柴胡汤。
上锉一剂，生姜三片、枣二枚。水煎服。心中饱闷加桔梗、枳壳；心中痞满加黄连、枳实；渴加知母、石膏
；内热甚，错语心烦不得眠，合解毒汤之类。上治肝胆经风热，或寒热往来，或晡热潮热，或怒火口苦、耳聋、
咳嗽，泻痢腹作痛诸症。
伤寒腹满而痛、咽干而渴、手足温暖，太阳症也。
桂枝大黄汤 治足太阴脾经受症，腹满而痛、咽干而
渴、手足温、脉来沉而有力，皆因邪热从阳经传入阴经也。
桂枝 芍药 大黄 柴胡 枳实 甘草
上锉生姜三片、枣一枚，水煎。临服时入槟榔磨水三匙，同热服。
伤寒身不恶寒反恶热者，表未除里又急也。
大柴胡汤 治伤寒内实大便难，不恶寒反恶热。
柴胡（四钱） 黄芩 芍药（各二钱半） 半夏（一钱） 大黄（二钱） 枳壳（一钱半）
上锉一剂，生姜三片、枣二枚，水煎温服。以利为度，未利再服。
伤寒潮热、发狂言而燥渴者，大便实，热传里也。
六一顺气汤 治伤寒传里，大便结实、口燥咽干、怕热揭衣、谵语狂妄、扬手掷足、斑黄阳厥、潮
热自汗、胸膈满硬、绕脐疼痛等症。
柴胡 黄芩 芍药 枳实 浓朴 大黄 芒硝 甘草
上锉剂，先将水二钟煎滚三沸后入药，煎至一碗，临服入铁锈水三匙同调服。
蜜煎导法 治自汗大便闭结不通甚。便于老人，并日久不能服药者，又恐服硝黄变为别症，又有粪入
直肠者，以此最便益也。
炼蜜如饴，乘热捻如指大，长三寸，两头如锐，纳入谷道中，良久，下结粪加皂角末少许尤妙。如无蜜，
以香油灌入谷道中亦妙。
猪胆汁导法 治阳明自汗、小便利、大便结硬不可攻者。
猪胆一枚，和醋少许，以竹管套入谷道中一时许即通。盖酸苦益阴以润燥也。
伤寒阳毒斑黄者，狂叫欲走也。其症表里俱实、内外皆
热、脉数有力而无汗，三黄石膏汤通解表里也。
三黄石膏汤 治阳毒发斑黄，身如涂朱、眼赤如火、狂叫欲走、六脉洪大、燥热欲死。鼻干面赤、过
经不解、已成坏症；表里皆热，欲发其汗，热病不退，又复下之，大便遂频，小便不利；亦有错治瘟症而成此
症者，又有汗后三焦生热，脉洪，谵语不休，昼夜喘急，鼻加时衄，狂叫欲走。
黄连 黄芩 黄柏 栀子 麻黄 石膏 豆豉
上锉剂，生姜三片、细茶一撮，水煎温服。
伤寒血热发黄者，里实表虚也。
消斑青黛饮 治热传里，里实表虚，血热不散，热气乘虚出于皮肤而为斑也。轻如疹子，重则如锦纹，
重甚则斑烂皮肤。或本属阳，误投热药，或当汗不汗、当下不下，或汗未解，皆能致此。不可发汗，重令开泄，
（附伤风）
脉象：脉象阳部浮而阴部弱，称为伤风。邪气在六经都表现为弦脉并兼见此象。阳浮，是卫气受风邪侵袭；阴弱，是营气虚弱。风邪损伤阳气，所以脉象浮而虚。
脉象浮紧且无汗，称为伤寒。寒邪损伤营气，营气充实则卫气也充盈。阳脉浮紧，说明邪气在上焦，主要症状是想呕吐。脉象浮、头项痛、腰脊强直，病在太阳经。脉象长、身热、鼻干、目疼、不能安卧，病在阳明经。脉象弦、胸胁痛、耳聋、忽冷忽热，病在少阳经。脉象沉细、咽干、腹部胀满、自发性腹泻，病在太阴经。脉象微缓、口燥舌干而渴，病在少阴经。脉象沉涩、烦躁胀满、阴囊收缩，病在厥阴经。
左手脉来紧盛，就是伤寒，右手脉平和。右手脉来紧盛，就是饮食内伤，左手脉平和。左右手脉都紧盛，就是夹食伤寒，这是内伤兼外感。右手脉来空虚，左手脉来紧盛，就是劳力伤寒，也是内伤兼外感。左右手脉都沉细或伏匿，面色青，手脚冷，小腹绞痛，甚至呕吐腹泻，舌头卷缩、阴囊收缩，就是夹阴中寒，这是真阴证。
脉来浮紧有力，是寒邪在表，治疗宜发散；脉来沉实有力，是阴邪伏于阳分，治疗宜攻下；脉来沉细无力，这是纯阴证，宜退阴助阳；脉来沉数有力，是热邪传入里，宜清解邪热。
伤寒审证口诀：
口苦，是胆热；口甜，是脾热；口燥咽干，是肾热；舌干口燥，是胃热。手心热，是邪在里；手背热，是邪在表。手足温，是阳证；手足冷，是阴证。鼻流浊涕，属风热；鼻流清涕，属肺寒。嘴唇和口唇都红肿，是热极；嘴唇和口唇都青黑，是寒极。凡是睁眼喜欢见人的，属阳；闭眼不喜欢见人的，属阴。嗜睡，是阳虚阴盛；不睡，是阴虚阳盛。喜欢明亮环境，属阳，元气实；喜欢昏暗环境，属阴，元气虚。睡觉时面向墙壁，属阴，元气虚；睡觉时面向外，属阳，元气实。舌色青紫，是阴寒；舌色赤紫，是阳毒。谵语，是说胡话没有条理，是邪气胜；郑声，是说话声音低微且不连续，是精气脱失；狂言，是无根据的妄谈，是邪热气胜；独语，是无人时也自言自语，是邪气入里。目直视，是眼睛圆正而不转动。怕听到木头撞击的声音，是胃虚不可攻下。瘛疭（chì zòng），是筋脉拘急而收缩；㖞㖞（此处原文可能有误，通常指筋脉弛缓），是筋脉弛缓而伸展。
伤寒治法：
正伤寒，用大汗法，大下法。感冒暴寒，用微汗法，微下法。劳力感寒，用温散法。温热病，用微解法，大下法。阴证似阳，用温法。阳证似阴，用下法。阳毒，分轻重用下法。阴毒，分缓急用温法。阳狂，用下法；阴厥，用温法。湿热发黄，用利法、下法。血症发黄，用清法、下法。发斑，用清法、下法。谵语，用下法、清法。痞满，用消法、泻法。结胸，用解法、下法。太阳症似少阴，用温法。少阴症似太阳，用汗法。衄血，用解法、止法。发喘，用汗法、下法。咳嗽，用清法、解法。病在表，用汗法、散法；病在里，用利法、下法。病在上，因势利导涌吐之。病在下陷者，升提举之。病在中者，和解之。直中阴经者，温补之。解表不开，不可攻里；日数虽多，但只要见表症、脉浮，仍宜汗之。里症具备，不可攻表；日数虽少，但只要见里症、脉沉实，尤宜下之。若同而异者要明辨，似是而非者要鉴别。
伤寒总论：
寒，是天地间杀厉之气，秋天的寒露、冬天的霜雪，都是寒邪。所以辛苦劳作的人，起居不遵循节律，饮食不顺从时令，感受雾露之气，邪气就浅；感受霜雪之气，邪气就深。感受后立即发病，名叫伤寒。不立即发病的，寒邪藏在肌肉之间，潜伏在营卫之内，到春天因为温暖之气而发作的，名叫温病；到夏天因为暑热之气而发作的，名叫热病。伤寒、温病、热病，道理是一样的。至于疫疠之疾，稍有不同，大概是因为春天应温反凉，夏天应热反冷，秋天应凉反热，冬天应寒反温，这是四时不正之气。感受春夏的不正之气，就是温疫；感受秋冬的不正之邪，就是寒疫。然而其经络传变、表里受症与伤寒相同。俗云：时气病罢了。经书总论说伤寒之所以成为人的大病，是因为害人最快。轩辕、岐伯以下，得到治法秘传的，只有张仲景一人而已。此后刘河间不沿用麻黄、桂枝发表的药物，自制双解散，辛凉的药剂并非不同，只是时机不同，彼一时也。无奈五运六气有所更替，世态居民有所变化，天以常静为主，人以常动为主，动则属阳，静则属阴。清平之世，同于水化，虽有辛热之药，不生他症。扰攘之世，同于火化，若用辛热之药，就会发黄生斑，变坏之病就产生了。大概人内部之火既动，外部之火又侵，所以辛热发汗不如辛温，辛温发汗不如辛凉之药发汗，一剂立效。用辛热之药发汗，轻者必危，重者必死，能不谨慎吗？
四季感冒风寒者，宜表解。
十神汤 治疗感冒风寒，发热恶寒、头疼身痛、咳嗽喘急，或者欲成疹子。此药不问阴阳两感风寒及四时不正瘟疫妄行，都适宜服用。
川芎、白芷、麻黄、紫苏、陈皮、香附、赤芍、升麻、干葛、甘草
以上锉为粗末，每服一两，生姜三片煎服。想要出汗就用被子盖住；如果发热头痛加细辛、石膏、葱白，胸膈膨闷加枳壳、桔梗，心腹胀满加枳实、半夏；潮热加黄芩、麦门冬，咳嗽喘急加桑白皮、桔梗、半夏；大便闭结加大黄、芒硝；呕吐加藿香、半夏；泄泻加白术、茯苓；疟疾加草果、槟榔；痢疾加枳壳、黄连；腹痛加白芍。
人参败毒散 治疗伤寒头痛、壮热恶风以及风疾、咳嗽鼻塞声重，四时瘟疫热毒，头面肿痛，痢疾发热，各种疮毒，小儿惊风。
柴胡、桔梗（去芦）、羌活、独活、茯苓、川芎、前胡、枳壳（去穣）、人参（去芦）、甘草（各等分）、薄荷（减半）
以上锉为粗末，每一两，生姜煎服。
一方：伤寒头疼、身痛、项强，壮热恶寒、口干心中蕴热加黄芩。伤寒汗后不解，也适宜服此。一方：伤风鼻塞声重、咳嗽吐痰加半夏、杏仁。一方：四时瘟疫流行众人，一般病者加葛根。一方：一切火热之症加连翘、栀子、枯芩、玄参、黄连、防风、贝母、天花粉、酒大黄、玄明粉。一方：酒毒发热不渴加葛根、黄连。一方：疟疾，不问先寒后热、先热后寒、头疼身痛加苍术、葛根、草果、槟榔。一方：痢疾不问赤白、发热不退及时行疫痢加黄连、陈仓米，噤口痢加石莲肉、仓米，痢后手足痛加木瓜、槟榔。一方：头目眩晕，属风热者加天麻、半夏。一方：眼目肿痛，因风寒所感者加防风、荆芥、归尾、赤芍，去参、苓。一方：香港脚流注，脚踝上热赤肿、寒热如疟、自汗恶风加苍术、酒大黄，皮肤瘙痒加蝉蜕。一方：两膝赤肿、强急作痛而热，两总筋拘急，这是血热也加赤芍、大黄，或者利气下之。一方：痛风，痛有常处、赤肿灼热，或浑身壮热，这是欲成风毒，根据本方。一方：肠风下血必在粪前，是名近血加黄连；又治酒毒下血，加黄连用巴豆同炒，去豆不用。一方：妇人吹乳，乳痈便毒、憎寒壮热，或头痛者加金银花、僵蚕、贝母、天花粉、青皮、白芷、当归尾。一方：小儿急慢惊风，初起发热、手足发搐、上窜天吊加天麻、全蝎、僵蚕、白附子、地骨皮。一方：小儿痘疹初起，发热头疼疑似之间，即服此发散，加天麻、地骨皮、防风、荆芥，去参、芩。一方：痈疽疔疮发背乳痈，一切无毒肿毒，发热头痛，状似伤寒加金银花、连翘、防风、荆芥。
升麻葛根汤 治疗伤寒头痛时疫，憎寒壮热、肢体痛、发热恶寒、鼻干不得眠，兼治寒暄不时，人多病疫，乍暖脱衣及疮疹已发未发疑似之间宜用。
升麻（三钱）、葛根（三钱）、白芍药（二钱）、甘草（二钱）
以上锉为一剂，生姜三片，水煎服。头痛加葱白三根，同煎热服，咳嗽加桑白皮，上膈热加黄芩、薄荷；无汗加麻黄，咽痛加桔梗、甘草；发黄、丹毒加玄参。
伤寒头项痛、腰脊强、热者，太阳证也。无汗恶寒，这是伤寒在表，脉来浮紧有力，春夏秋用九味羌活汤，冬月用麻黄汤。
九味羌活汤 治疗春夏秋非时感冒，暴寒头痛、发热无汗、脊强脉浮紧，这是太阳膀胱经受邪，宜此发散。
羌活（二钱）、防风（一钱半）、苍术（米泔浸，一钱）、川芎（一钱半）、细辛（三分）、白芷、生地黄、黄芩（各一钱）、甘草（三分）
以上锉生姜三片、葱白三根，水煎热服。如果汗不出，用紫苏叶煎汤，用容器盛放被内，于脚腕下熏之，用生姜渣绵裹，周身擦之，其汗自出。
麻黄汤 治疗冬月正伤寒，头疼发热恶寒、脊强、脉浮紧、无汗，为表证。这是足太阳膀胱经受邪，当发汗。
麻黄、桂枝、川芎、杏仁、白芷、防风、羌活、升麻、甘草
以上锉生姜三片、葱白三根、豆豉一撮，水煎热服，以被盖出汗。
有汗恶风，这是伤寒在表，脉来浮缓无力，春夏秋宜加减冲和汤，冬月宜桂枝汤。
加减冲和汤 治疗春夏秋感冒，非时暴寒，亦有头痛恶寒身热、脉浮缓、自汗，宜实表。
羌活、白术、川芎、白芷、黄芪、细辛、生地黄、防风、黄芩、甘草
以上锉生姜三片、葱白三根，水煎温服。
桂枝汤 治疗冬月正伤寒头痛发热、恶风脊强、脉浮缓、自汗，为表症。这是足太阳膀胱经受邪，当实表散邪；无汗者不可服。
桂枝、芍药、防风、羌活、川芎、白术、甘草
以上锉生姜三片、大枣一枚，水煎温服。
伤寒眼眶痛、鼻干不得眠者，阳明症也。若发热无汗，宜柴胡解肌汤，若渴而有汗不解，或经汗过不解，宜白虎汤。
柴胡解肌汤 治疗足阳明胃经受症，目痛鼻干不得眠、眼眶痛、脉来微洪，宜解肌，属阳明经病。其正阳明腑病，别有治法。
柴胡、黄芩、干葛、芍药、羌活、白芷、桔梗、石膏、甘草
以上锉生姜三片、枣一枚，水煎温服。本经无汗恶寒，去黄芩加麻黄。
白虎汤 治疗阳明经汗后脉洪大而渴，或身热有汗不解。
石膏（五钱）、知母（二钱）、粳米（一勺）、甘草（七分）、人参（一钱）、五味子（十粒）、麦门冬（去心）、栀子（各一钱）
以上锉一剂，水煎温服。如果口燥烦渴，或发赤斑，加元参、犀角名化斑汤。秋感热之疫疠，或阳明下后，大便不固、热不退者，或湿温症热不退而大便溏者，根据本方加苍术。若伤寒汗下后，自汗虚热不退加苍术、人参，一服通神。无汗脉浮表未解而阴气盛，虽渴不可用白虎汤：里有热者方可用。
伤寒耳聋胸胁痛，发寒热，呕而口苦者，少阳症也，此在半表半里，宜和解，宜小柴胡汤。
小柴胡汤 治疗伤寒三四日，脉息弦急而数，病传少阳经也。其症头疼发热、胁痛、耳聋、呕吐、口苦、寒热往来。
柴胡（二钱）、黄芩（一钱半）、半夏（七分）、人参（七分）、甘草（五分）、加山栀、牡丹皮，名加味小柴胡汤。
以上锉一剂，生姜三片、枣二枚。水煎服。心中饱闷加桔梗、枳壳；心中痞满加黄连、枳实；渴加知母、石膏；内热甚，错语心烦不得眠，合解毒汤之类。上治肝胆经风热，或寒热往来，或晡热潮热，或怒火口苦、耳聋、咳嗽，泻痢腹作痛诸症。
伤寒腹满而痛、咽干而渴、手足温暖，太阳症也。（注：原文此处有误，应为太阴症，但依原文翻译）
桂枝大黄汤 治疗足太阴脾经受症，腹满而痛、咽干而渴、手足温、脉来沉而有力，皆因邪热从阳经传入阴经也。
桂枝、芍药、大黄、柴胡、枳实、甘草
以上锉生姜三片、枣一枚，水煎。临服时入槟榔磨水三匙，同热服。
伤寒身不恶寒反恶热者，表未除里又急也。
大柴胡汤 治疗伤寒内实大便难，不恶寒反恶热。
柴胡（四钱）、黄芩、芍药（各二钱半）、半夏（一钱）、大黄（二钱）、枳壳（一钱半）
以上锉一剂，生姜三片、枣二枚，水煎温服。以利为度，未利再服。
伤寒潮热、发狂言而燥渴者，大便实，热传里也。
六一顺气汤 治疗伤寒传里，大便结实、口燥咽干、怕热揭衣、谵语狂妄、扬手掷足、斑黄阳厥、潮热自汗、胸膈满硬、绕脐疼痛等症。
柴胡、黄芩、芍药、枳实、浓朴、大黄、芒硝、甘草
以上锉剂，先将水二钟煎滚三沸后入药，煎至一碗，临服入铁锈水三匙同调服。
蜜煎导法 治疗自汗大便闭结不通甚。便于老人，并日久不能服药者，又恐服硝黄变为别症，又有粪入直肠者，以此最便益也。
炼蜜如饴，乘热捻如指大，长三寸，两头如锐，纳入谷道中，良久，下结粪加皂角末少许尤妙。如无蜜，以香油灌入谷道中亦妙。
猪胆汁导法 治疗阳明自汗、小便利、大便结硬不可攻者。
猪胆一枚，和醋少许，以竹管套入谷道中一时许即通。盖酸苦益阴以润燥也。
伤寒阳毒斑黄者，狂叫欲走也。其症表里俱实、内外皆热、脉数有力而无汗，三黄石膏汤通解表里也。
三黄石膏汤 治疗阳毒发斑黄，身如涂朱、眼赤如火、狂叫欲走、六脉洪大、燥热欲死。鼻干面赤、过经不解、已成坏症；表里皆热，欲发其汗，热病不退，又复下之，大便遂频，小便不利；亦有错治瘟症而成此症者，又有汗后三焦生热，脉洪，谵语不休，昼夜喘急，鼻加时衄，狂叫欲走。
黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子、麻黄、石膏、豆豉
以上锉剂，生姜三片、细茶一撮，水煎温服。
伤寒血热发黄者，里实表虚也。
消斑青黛饮 治疗热传里，里实表虚，血热不散，热气乘虚出于皮肤而为斑也。轻如疹子，重则如锦纹，重甚则斑烂皮肤。或本属阳，误投热药，或当汗不汗、当下不下，或汗未解，皆能致此。不可发汗，重令开泄，
(Attached: Wind Injury)
Pulse: A pulse that is floating at the Yang position and weak at the Yin position is called Wind Injury. When pathogenic factors affect the Six Meridians, the pulse is wiry in all cases, combined with this presentation. Floating at the Yang position indicates Wei (Defensive) Qi invaded by wind; weak at the Yin position indicates Ying (Nutritive) Qi deficiency. Wind damages Yang Qi, hence the pulse is floating and deficient.
A pulse that is floating and tight without sweating is called Cold Damage (Shanghan). Cold damages Ying Qi; when Ying Qi is full, Wei Qi also becomes abundant. A floating and tight pulse at the Yang position indicates pathogenic factors in the Upper Jiao, primarily manifesting as a desire to vomit. A floating pulse, headache and stiffness of the head and neck, and stiffness of the waist and spine indicate disease in the Taiyang Meridian. A long pulse, fever, dry nose, eye pain, and inability to sleep indicate disease in the Yangming Meridian. A wiry pulse, hypochondriac pain, deafness, and alternating chills and fever indicate disease in the Shaoyang Meridian. A deep and fine pulse, dry throat, abdominal fullness, and spontaneous diarrhea indicate disease in the Taiyin Meridian. A slightly slow pulse, dry mouth and tongue with thirst indicate disease in the Shaoyin Meridian. A deep and choppy pulse, irritability and fullness, and retraction of the scrotum indicate disease in the Jueyin Meridian.
If the pulse on the left hand comes in a tight and vigorous manner, it is Cold Damage, while the right hand pulse is peaceful. If the pulse on the right hand comes in a tight and vigorous manner, it is internal injury due to diet, while the left hand pulse is peaceful. If pulses on both hands are tight and vigorous, it is Cold Damage complicated by food stagnation, representing internal injury combined with external contraction. If the right hand pulse is empty and the left hand pulse is tight and vigorous, it is Cold Damage due to overexertion, also representing internal injury combined with external contraction. If pulses on both hands are deep and fine or hidden, with a bluish complexion, cold hands and feet, severe colic in the lower abdomen, possibly vomiting and diarrhea, curled tongue, and retracted scrotum, it is Cold invading the interior due to Kidney Yang deficiency, which is a True Yin Syndrome.
A pulse that is floating, tight, and forceful indicates Cold pathogen in the exterior; treatment should focus on dispersing. A pulse that is deep, solid, and forceful indicates Yin pathogen concealed within Yang; treatment should focus on purging. A pulse that is deep, fine, and weak indicates pure Yin syndrome; treatment should focus on retreating Yin and assisting Yang. A pulse that is deep, rapid, and forceful indicates Heat pathogen transmitting to the interior; treatment should focus on clearing and resolving Heat.
Mnemonic for Diagnosing Cold Damage:
Bitter taste in the mouth indicates Gallbladder Heat; sweet taste indicates Spleen Heat; dry mouth and throat indicate Kidney Heat; dry tongue and mouth indicate Stomach Heat. Heat in the palms indicates pathogen in the interior; heat on the dorsum of the hands indicates pathogen in the exterior. Warm hands and feet indicate Yang syndrome; cold hands and feet indicate Yin syndrome. Thick turbid nasal discharge belongs to Wind-Heat; clear nasal discharge belongs to Lung Cold. Swollen and red lips and mouth indicate extreme Heat; blue-black lips and mouth indicate extreme Cold. Those who keep their eyes open and like to see people belong to Yang; those who close their eyes and dislike seeing people belong to Yin. Excessive sleepiness indicates Yang deficiency and Yin excess; insomnia indicates Yin deficiency and Yang excess. Preference for brightness belongs to Yang, indicating robust Yuan Qi; preference for darkness belongs to Yin, indicating deficient Yuan Qi. Sleeping facing the wall belongs to Yin, indicating deficient Yuan Qi; sleeping facing outward belongs to Yang, indicating robust Yuan Qi. Blue-purple tongue indicates Yin Cold; red-purple tongue indicates Yang Toxin. Delirious speech (Zhenyu) refers to incoherent talk due to victorious pathogenic factors; repetitive murmuring (Zhengsheng) refers to disjointed speech due to exhaustion of Essence and Qi; wild talk refers to baseless rambling due to excessive Pathogenic Heat; solitary talking refers to speaking when alone, indicating pathogen entering the interior. Fixed gaze refers to eyes being round and unmoving. Fear of wooden sounds indicates Stomach deficiency where purging is contraindicated. Chi Zong (spasms) refers to tendons and vessels contracting; [text unclear] refers to tendons and vessels relaxing.
Treatment Methods for Cold Damage:
For true Cold Damage, use heavy sweating and heavy purging. For sudden cold invasion, use mild sweating and mild purging. For Cold damage due to overexertion, use warming and dispersing. For Warm-Heat diseases, use mild resolution and heavy purging. For Yin syndrome resembling Yang, use warming. For Yang syndrome resembling Yin, use purging. For Yang Toxin, purge according to severity. For Yin Toxin, warm according to urgency. For Yang mania, purge; for Yin collapse, warm. For damp-heat jaundice, promote urination and purge. For blood-stasis jaundice, clear and purge. For macules/rash, clear and purge. For delirium, purge and clear. For epigastric fullness and obstruction, dissipate and purge. For chest binding, resolve and purge. For Taiyang syndrome resembling Shaoyin, warm. For Shaoyin syndrome resembling Taiyang, sweat. For epistaxis, resolve and stop. For wheezing, sweat and purge. For cough, clear and resolve. For exterior conditions, sweat and disperse; for interior conditions, promote urination and purge. For conditions above, induce vomiting. For sinking conditions, lift and raise. For conditions in the middle, harmonize. For direct transmission to Yin meridians, warm and tonify. If exterior release fails, do not attack the interior; even if many days have passed, if exterior symptoms and floating pulse persist, sweating is still appropriate. If interior symptoms are complete, do not attack the exterior; even if few days have passed, if interior symptoms and deep-solid pulse persist, purging is especially appropriate. Clarify similarities and differences; distinguish between seemingly similar but actually different conditions.
General Treatise on Cold Damage:
Cold is the killing energy of Heaven and Earth. Autumn's cold dew and winter's frost and snow are all Cold pathogens. Therefore, hardworking people whose daily life does not follow seasonal rhythms and whose diet does not accord with times, if they contract mist and dew, the pathogen is shallow; if they contract frost and snow, the pathogen is deep. Illness occurring immediately after contraction is named Cold Damage. Illness not occurring immediately involves Cold pathogens hiding between muscles and lying dormant within Ying and Wei. When spring warmth arrives, it erupts and is named Warm Disease. When summer heat arrives, it erupts and is named Heat Disease. Cold Damage, Warm Disease, and Heat Disease share the same principle. Epidemic diseases differ slightly, caused by spring being cool instead of warm, summer cold instead of hot, autumn hot instead of cool, and winter warm instead of cold—these are abnormal Qi of the four seasons. Contracting abnormal Qi of spring and summer causes Warm Epidemic; contracting abnormal evil of autumn and winter causes Cold Epidemic. However, their meridian transmission and exterior-interior symptoms are the same as Cold Damage. Commonly called "Seasonal Qi Disease." The Classics state that Cold Damage is a major disease because it harms people most rapidly. Among successors to Xuanyuan and Qibo, only Zhang Zhongjing (Zhang Changsha) mastered its secret methods. Later, Liu Wansujun did not follow the method of using Ephedra Twig Decoction or Cinnamon Twig Decoction for exterior release, but created his own Double Resolution Decoction. Although the acrid-cool agents were not different, the timing was different. Circumstances change due to the Five Movements and Six Qi, and the world/population changes. Heaven remains quiet, humans move constantly. Movement belongs to Yang, stillness to Yin. In peaceful times, transformation follows Water; even with acrid-hot medicines, no other symptoms arise. In turbulent times, transformation follows Fire; using acrid-hot medicines will cause jaundice and rashes, leading to deteriorated conditions. Since internal fire moves and external fire invades, acrid-hot sweating is inferior to acrid-warm sweating, which is inferior to acrid-cool sweating. One dose brings immediate results. Using acrid-hot medicines for sweating can endanger the light case and kill the severe case. Can one be too cautious?
For wind-cold invasion in all four seasons, exterior release is indicated.
Shishen Tang (Ten Spirit Decoction) treats wind-cold invasion with fever, aversion to cold, headache, body pain, cough, and asthma, or impending rash. This formula is suitable regardless of dual yin-yang wind-cold invasion or epidemic winds of the four seasons.
Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Perilla Leaf (Zisu), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Cyperus Rhizome (Xiangfu), Red Peony Root (Chishao), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Kudzu Root (Gegen), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct these coarsely powdered herbs. Take one liang per dose with three slices of fresh ginger. To induce sweating, cover with blankets. Add Asarum Root (Xixin), Gypsum (Shigao), and Scallion White (Congbai) for fever/headache; add Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhiqiao) and Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) for chest oppression; add Immature Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhishi) and Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) for abdominal fullness; add Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) and Ophiopogon Tuber (Mendong) for tidal fever; add Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbaipi), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng), and Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) for cough/asthma; add Rhubarb Root (Dahuang) and Mirabilite (Mangxiao) for constipation; add Patchouli Herb (Huoxiang) and Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) for vomiting; add Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) and Poria (Fuling) for diarrhea; add Tsaoko Cardamom Fruit (Caoguo) and Areca Seed (Binglang) for malaria; add Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhiqiao) and Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) for dysentery; add White Peony Root (Baishao) for abdominal pain.
Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Detoxification Powder) treats Cold Damage headache, high fever, aversion to wind, wind diseases, cough, nasal congestion with heavy voice, four-season epidemic heat toxins, head/face swelling/pain, dysentery with fever, various sores/toxins, and pediatric convulsions.
Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng, remove radix), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Angelica Pubescens Root (Duhuo), Poria (Fuling), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Peucedanum Root (Qianhu), Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhiqiao, remove pith), Ginseng Root (Renshen, remove radix), Licorice Root (Gancao) in equal parts, Mint Leaf (Bohe, half amount).
Decoct one liang with fresh ginger.
Modifications: For Cold Damage headache/body pain/stiff neck, high fever, aversion to cold, dry mouth/internal heat, add Scutellaria Root (Huangqin). After sweating fails to resolve Cold Damage, this is also suitable. For Wind Injury nasal congestion/heavy voice/cough/phlegm, add Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) and Apricot Kernel (Xingren). During epidemics affecting many people with similar symptoms, add Kudzu Root (Gegen). For all heat syndromes, add Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao), Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi), Old Scutellaria Root (Kuhuang), Scrophularia Root (Xuanshen), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu), Trichosanthes Root (Tianhuafen), Wine-processed Rhubarb (Jiu Dahuang), and Mirabilite (Xuanmingfen). For alcohol-induced fever without thirst, add Kudzu Root (Gegen) and Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian). For malaria (regardless of chills preceding fever or vice versa, with headache/body pain), add Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu), Kudzu Root (Gegen), Tsaoko Cardamom (Caoguo), and Areca Seed (Binglang). For dysentery (red or white, persistent fever or epidemic dysentery), add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) and aged rice (Chencangmi); for dysentery with inability to eat (Jinkou), add Lotus Seed (Shilianrou) and rice; for post-dysentery limb pain, add Quince (Mugua) and Areca Seed (Binglang). For dizziness belonging to Wind-Heat, add Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma) and Pinellia Tuber (Banxia). For swollen/painful eyes due to wind-cold, add Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie), Angelica Sinensis Tail (Guiwei), and Red Peony Root (Chishao); remove Ginseng and Poria. For gouty arthritis with hot/red/swollen ankles, chills/fever like malaria, spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind, add Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu) and wine-processed Rhubarb (Jiu Dahuang); for skin itching, add Cicada Slough (Chantui). For red/swollen/knotting painful knees with heat and tendon cramping (blood heat), add Red Peony Root (Chishao) and Rhubarb (Dahuang), or promote qi flow and purge. For gout with fixed pain, red/swollen/hot sensation, or whole-body high fever (potential wind toxin), follow this formula. For intestinal wind bleeding before stool (proximal bleeding), add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian); for alcohol-induced bleeding, stir-fry Coptis with Croton Seed (Badou), then discard seed. For breast inflammation/mastitis/perineal abscess with aversion to cold/high fever/headache, add Honeysuckle Flower (Jinyinhua), Silkworm (Jiangcan), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu), Trichosanthes Root (Tianhuafen), Green Tangerine Peel (Qingpi), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), and Angelica Sinensis Tail (Dangguiwei). For pediatric acute/chronic convulsions with initial fever, limb twitching, upward gaze, add Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma), Whole Scorpion (Quanxie), Silkworm (Jiangcan), Typhonii Rhizoma (Baifuizi), and Groundsel Tree Bark (Digupi). For early-stage smallpox/chickenpox with fever/headache (uncertain diagnosis), use this for dispersion, adding Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma), Groundsel Tree Bark (Digupi), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie); remove Ginseng and Scutellaria. For carbuncles/furuncles/back sores/breast abscesses, all non-toxic swellings with fever/headache resembling Cold Damage, add Honeysuckle Flower (Jinyinhua), Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie).
Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifuga and Kudzu Decoction) treats Cold Damage headache and epidemics, aversion to cold/high fever, limb pain, fever/aversion to cold, dry nose/insomnia. Also suitable for irregular weather, widespread epidemics, undressing during sudden warmth, and uncertain stages of rash eruption.
Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma, 3 qian), Kudzu Root (Gegen, 3 qian), White Peony Root (Baishao, 2 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 2 qian).
Decoct one dose with three slices of fresh ginger. For headache, add three stalks of Scallion White (Congbai), decoct and take hot. For cough, add Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbaipi). For upper jiao heat, add Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) and Mint Leaf (Bohe). For no sweat, add Ephedra Herb (Mahuang). For sore throat, add Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) and Licorice Root (Gancao). For jaundice/dan du, add Scrophularia Root (Xuanshen).
Head/neck pain, stiff waist/spine, and fever indicate Taiyang syndrome. No sweat and aversion to cold indicate Cold Damage in the exterior with a floating-tight-forceful pulse. Use Jiawei Qianghuo Tang in spring/summer/autumn, and Mahuang Tang in winter.
Jiawei Qianghuo Tang (Modified Notopterygium Decoction) treats non-seasonal wind-cold in spring/summer/autumn, sudden cold headache, fever, no sweat, stiff spine, floating-tight pulse. This indicates Taiyang Bladder Meridian invasion; use this for dispersion.
Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo, 2 qian), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng, 1.5 qian), Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu, soaked in rice water, 1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong, 1.5 qian), Asarum Root (Xixin, 0.3 qian), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Rehmannia Root (Shengdi), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin, 1 qian each), Licorice Root (Gancao, 0.3 qian).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and three stalks of Scallion White, take hot. If no sweat occurs, decoct Perilla Leaf (Zisu) in water, place in a container under blankets near ankles to fumigate, wrap ginger residue in cotton and rub the body to induce sweat.
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) treats true Winter Cold Damage: headache, fever, aversion to cold, stiff spine, floating-tight pulse, no sweat. This is an exterior syndrome caused by Taiyang Bladder Meridian invasion; induce sweating.
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Apricot Kernel (Xingren), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger, three stalks of Scallion White, and a pinch of Fermented Soybean (Douchi), take hot. Cover with blankets to induce sweat.
Sweating with aversion to wind indicates Cold Damage in the exterior with a floating-slow-weak pulse. Use Jianzhai Chonghe Tang in spring/summer/autumn, and Guizhi Tang in winter.
Jianzhai Chonghe Tang (Modified Harmonizing Decoction) treats spring/summer/autumn wind-cold, sudden non-seasonal cold, headache, aversion to cold, body heat, floating-slow pulse, spontaneous sweating. Tonify the exterior.
Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Astragalus Root (Huangqi), Asarum Root (Xixin), Rehmannia Root (Shengdi), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and three stalks of Scallion White, take warm.
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) treats Winter true Cold Damage: headache, fever, aversion to wind, stiff spine, floating-slow pulse, spontaneous sweating. This is an exterior syndrome caused by Taiyang Bladder Meridian invasion; tonify the exterior and dispel pathogens. Contraindicated for no sweat.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and one large date, take warm.
Eye socket pain, dry nose, and insomnia indicate Yangming syndrome. If fever with no sweat, use Chaihu Jieji Tang. If thirst with sweating that fails to resolve, or failure to resolve after sweating, use Baihu Tang.
Chaihu Jieji Tang (Bupleurum Muscle-Releasing Decoction) treats Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian symptoms: eye pain, dry nose, insomnia, eye socket pain, slightly surging pulse. Release muscle layer; belongs to Yangming Meridian disease. Proper Yangming Fu organ disease has separate treatments.
Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Kudzu Root (Gegen), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng), Gypsum (Shigao), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and one date, take warm. For this meridian with no sweat/aversion to cold, remove Scutellaria and add Ephedra.
Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) treats Yangming Meridian post-sweating surging pulse with thirst, or body heat with sweating that fails to resolve.
Gypsum (Shigao, 5 qian), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu, 2 qian), Rice (Jingmi, 1 spoon), Licorice Root (Gancao, 0.7 qian), Ginseng Root (Renshen, 1 qian), Schisandra Berry (Wuweizi, 10 grains), Ophiopogon Tuber (Mendong, heart removed), Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi, 1 qian each).
Decoct one dose, take warm. For dry mouth/irritability/thirst or red macules, add Scrophularia Root (Yuanshen) and Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao), named Huaban Tang. For autumn heat epidemic or post-Yangming purging with loose stool/unresolved heat, or damp-heat with loose stool/unresolved heat, add Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu) to this formula. If post-Cold Damage sweating/purging shows spontaneous sweating/deficient heat unresolved, add Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu) and Ginseng (Renshen); one dose is miraculous. If no sweat, floating exterior pulse unresolved, and Yin Qi is strong, Baihu Tang is contraindicated even with thirst; use only if interior heat exists.
Deafness, hypochondriac pain, chills/fever, vomiting, and bitter taste indicate Shaoyang syndrome. This is half-exterior half-interior; harmonize using Xiaochaihu Tang.
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) treats Cold Damage on day 3-4, wiry-rapid pulse, disease transmitting to Shaoyang Meridian. Symptoms: headache, fever, hypochondriac pain, deafness, vomiting, bitter taste, alternating chills/fever.
Bupleurum Root (Chaihu, 2 qian), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin, 1.5 qian), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 0.7 qian), Ginseng Root (Renshen, 0.7 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 0.5 qian). Add Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi) and Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), named Jiawei Xiaochaihu Tang.
Decoct one dose with three slices of fresh ginger and two dates. For chest fullness, add Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) and Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhiqiao); for epigastric oppression, add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) and Immature Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhishi); for thirst, add Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) and Gypsum (Shigao); for severe internal heat, delirium, irritability, insomnia, combine with Jiedu Tang. Treats Liver/Gallbladder Wind-Heat, alternating chills/fever, afternoon tidal fever, anger-induced bitter taste/deafness/cough, dysentery/abdominal pain.
Abdominal fullness/pain, dry throat/thirst, warm hands/feet indicate Taiyang syndrome. (Note: Text says Taiyang, but symptoms describe Taiyin).
Guizhi Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Rhubarb Decoction) treats Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian symptoms: abdominal fullness/pain, dry throat/thirst, warm hands/feet, deep-forceful pulse. Caused by Heat pathogen transmitting from Yang to Yin meridians.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Rhubarb Root (Dahuang), Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Immature Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhishi), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and one date. Before taking, mix Areca Seed (Binglang) water (3 spoons) into the hot decoction.
Body not averse to cold but averse to heat indicates exterior not resolved and interior urgent.
Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) treats Cold Damage with interior excess, difficult defecation, no aversion to cold but aversion to heat.
Bupleurum Root (Chaihu, 4 qian), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Peony Root (Shaoyao, 2.5 qian each), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 1 qian), Rhubarb Root (Dahuang, 2 qian), Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhiqiao, 1.5 qian).
Decoct one dose with three slices of fresh ginger and two dates, take warm. Stop when bowel movement occurs; repeat if not.
Tidal fever, wild talk, dry thirst, and solid stool indicate Heat transmitting to the interior.
Liuyi Shunqi Tang (Six-One Promoting Qi Decoction) treats Cold Damage transmitting to interior, solid stool, dry mouth/throat, fear of heat/removing clothes, delirium/wildness, flailing limbs, macules/jaundice/Yang collapse, tidal fever/spontaneous sweating, chest/diaphragm fullness/hardness, periumbilical pain.
Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Immature Bitter Orange Fruit (Zhishi), Magnolia Bark (Houpo), Rhubarb Root (Dahuang), Mirabilite (Mangxiao), Licorice Root (Gancao).
Decoct water vigorously for three boils, then add herbs. Decoct to one bowl. Before taking, mix with three spoons of rust water.
Mi Jian Dao Fa (Honey Suppository Method) treats severe constipation with spontaneous sweating. Convenient for elderly or those unable to take medicine long-term, fearing side effects of Mirabilite/Rhubarb, or feces impacted in rectum.
Refine honey until syrup-like. While hot, shape into finger-sized suppositories, 3 cun long, pointed at both ends. Insert into anus. After some time, feces pass. Adding a little Gleditsia Sinensis Spine (Zaojiao) powder is excellent. If no honey, sesame oil inserted into anus is also good.
Zhu Dan Zhi Dao Fa (Pig Gallbladder Suppository Method) treats Yangming spontaneous sweating, frequent urination, hard constipation unsuitable for purging.
One pig gallbladder, mixed with a little vinegar. Insert bamboo tube into anus for about one hour to achieve passage. Sour and bitter nourish Yin and moisten dryness.
Yang Toxin with macules/jaundice involves screaming and running. Symptoms: exterior-interior excess, internal-external heat, rapid-forceful pulse, no sweat. Sanhuang Shigao Tang resolves both exterior and interior.
Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction) treats Yang Toxin with macules/jaundice, body like vermilion, fiery red eyes, screaming/running, surging six-pulse, desperate dry heat. Dry nose/red face, prolonged disease unresolved, deteriorated condition; exterior-interior heat, attempted sweating failed, repeated purging led to frequent stool/urinary difficulty. Also caused by mis treating plague, or post-sweating Sanjiao heat, surging pulse, continuous delirium, day-night wheezing, occasional epistaxis, screaming/running.
Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai), Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi), Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Gypsum (Shigao), Fermented Soybean (Douchi).
Decoct with three slices of fresh ginger and a pinch of fine tea, take warm.
Blood-Heat Jaundice involves interior excess and exterior deficiency.
Xiaoban Qingdai Yin (Macule-Resolving Indigo Decoction) treats Heat transmitting to interior, interior excess/exterior deficiency, Blood-Heat not dispersing, Heat Qi exiting skin through deficiency causing macules. Mild cases resemble rash; severe cases resemble brocade patterns; very severe cases cause skin ulceration. Caused by Yang constitution mistakenly given heat medicines, or failure to sweat/purge when indicated, or unresolved sweating. Do not sweat; heavy opening is dangerous.