脉∶消渴肝病，心滑而微，或紧洪数，阳盛阴惫；血虚濡散，劳则浮迟；短浮莫治，数大难医。
消渴者，口常渴也。小便不利而渴者，知内有湿也。（湿宜泻之。）小便自利而渴者，知内有燥也。
（燥宜润之。）大抵三消者，俱属内虚有热也。
缫丝汤 治三焦渴如神。如无缫丝汤，却以原蚕茧壳丝煎汤皆可代之，无时饮之，大效。盖此物属火，
有阴之用，大能泻膀胱中伏火，引阴水上潮于口而不渴也。
黄连地黄汤
黄连（去须） 生地黄 天花粉 五味子（去梗） 川当归 人参（去芦） 干葛 白茯苓（去皮）
麦门冬（去心） 甘草（各一钱）
上锉一剂，生姜一片、枣一枚、竹叶十片、水二盏煎，去渣温服。若上焦渴者，加山栀、桔梗；中焦渴者，
加黄芩；头眩渴不止者，加石膏；下焦渴者，加黄柏、知母。若作丸，加薄荷，炼蜜为丸，如弹子大。每服一
丸，噙化咽下。
玉泉丸
黄连 干葛 天花粉 知母 麦门冬（去心） 人参 五味子 生地汁 莲肉 乌梅肉 当归 甘草（
各等分） 加人乳汁、牛乳汁、甘蔗汁、梨汁、藕汁。
上先将各汁入蜜一斤半，煎熬成膏，后将各药为末，和前膏蒸热，汁数沸。每服五茶匙，食前清米汤调下。
忌一切辛热之物。
上消者肺火，饮水多而食少也。
黄芩汤 治上焦渴症。
黄芩 山栀 桔梗 麦门冬（去心） 当归 生地黄 干葛
人参 天花粉 白芍（各等分） 乌梅（一个）
上锉一剂，食远频服。
中消者胃火，消谷易饥，不生肌肉，小水赤黄是也。（用人参白虎汤治之。）
滋阴降火汤 治下焦渴症。（方见虚怯。）根据本方加白术、天花粉、山栀。葛粉、乌梅、焙炒黄连、
知母，去白芍。
六味地黄丸 治心肾不交，消渴引饮。（方见虚怯。）根据本方加麦门冬、五味子。
丹溪曰∶三消者，多属血虚不生津液，俱宜四物汤为主治之。（方见补益。）上消者，加人参、五味、麦
门冬、天花粉，煎熟入生藕汁、生地黄汁、人乳。饮酒之人加生葛根汁。中消者，加知母、石膏、滑石、寒水
石，以降胃火。下消者，加黄柏、知母、熟地黄、五味子，以滋肾水；又当间饮缫丝汤为上策。
秘方 总治三消，兼治吐血。
黄连 天花粉（二味为末） 藕汁 人乳汁 生地黄汁
上以姜、蜜和二味为膏，每次一指头大。放在舌上，徐徐白汤送下。
脉象：消渴病若由肝经病变引起，脉象多见滑而微细，或紧、洪、数，此为阳气亢盛而阴气衰竭；若因血虚导致濡散无力，劳累后脉象则见浮迟；若脉短且浮，则难以治疗；若脉数且大，亦难治愈。
消渴病，表现为口中经常感到口渴。小便不通畅且伴有口渴的，可知体内有湿邪。（湿邪应当用泻法祛除。）小便通畅且伴有口渴的，可知体内有燥热。（燥热应当用润法滋润。）大致而言，上、中、下三消，都属于内部虚弱且有内热的病症。
缫丝汤（Silkworm Cocoon Decoction）治疗三焦口渴效果神奇。如果没有缫丝汤，可以用原蚕茧壳上的丝煎汤来替代，随时饮用，效果显著。因为此物属性属火，却具有滋阴的作用，能大力清除膀胱中的伏火，引导阴水上潮至口腔从而消除口渴。
黄连地黄汤（Huanglian Dihuang Tang, Coptis and Rehmannia Decoction）
黄连（去除须根）、生地黄、天花粉、五味子（去除果梗）、川当归、人参（去除芦头）、干葛（葛根）、白茯苓（去除外皮）、麦门冬（去除心）、甘草（以上各一钱）。
以上药材锉碎为一剂，加入生姜一片、大枣一枚、竹叶十片、水两盏，煎煮后去渣，温服。若为上焦口渴，加山栀、桔梗；若为中焦口渴，加黄芩；若头晕目眩且口渴不止，加石膏；若为下焦口渴，加黄柏、知母。若制成丸药，加薄荷，用炼蜜制成如弹子大小的丸剂。每次服用一丸，含化咽下。
玉泉丸（Yuquan Wan, Jade Spring Pill）
黄连、干葛、天花粉、知母、麦门冬（去除心）、人参、五味子、生地汁、莲肉、乌梅肉、当归、甘草（以上各等分）。加入人乳汁、牛乳汁、甘蔗汁、梨汁、藕汁。
先将上述各种汁液与一斤半蜂蜜一起煎熬成膏状，然后将各药材研为细末，与前面的膏混合蒸热，煮沸数次。每次服用五茶匙，饭前用清米汤调服。忌食一切辛辣温热之物。
黄芩汤（Huangqin Tang, Scutellaria Decoction）治疗上焦口渴症状。
黄芩、山栀、桔梗、麦门冬（去除心）、当归、生地黄、干葛、人参、天花粉、白芍（以上各等分）、乌梅（一个）。
以上药材锉碎为一剂，饭后远离正餐时间频繁服用。
中消，属于胃火，表现为消化食物快、容易饥饿、肌肉不生、小便赤黄。（用人参白虎汤治疗。）
滋阴降火汤（Ziyin Jianghuo Tang, Nourishing Yin and Descending Fire Decoction）治疗下焦口渴症状。（方剂见“虚怯”篇。根据本方加白术、天花粉、山栀。葛粉、乌梅、焙炒黄连、知母，去掉白芍。）
六味地黄丸（Liuwei Dihuang Wan, Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill）治疗心肾不交引起的消渴引饮。（方剂见“虚怯”篇。根据本方加麦门冬、五味子。）
朱丹溪说：三消病，多属于血虚不能生津液，都适宜以四物汤为主治之。（方剂见“补益”篇。上消者，加人参、五味子、麦门冬、天花粉，煎熟后加入生藕汁、生地黄汁、人乳。饮酒之人加生葛根汁。中消者，加知母、石膏、滑石、寒水石，以降低胃火。下消者，加黄柏、知母、熟地黄、五味子，以滋补肾水；又应当间歇饮用缫丝汤为上策。）
秘方 总治三消，兼治吐血。
黄连、天花粉（这两味研为细末）、藕汁、人乳汁、生地黄汁。
以上用姜汁、蜂蜜将两味药末调和成膏状，每次取一指头大小。放在舌上，慢慢用白开水送下。
Pulse: In Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) caused by Liver disease, the pulse may be slippery and slightly fine, or tight, flooding, and rapid, indicating Excess Yang and Exhausted Yin; if due to Blood deficiency causing a soggy and scattered quality, exertion leads to a floating and slow pulse; a short and floating pulse is difficult to treat, while a rapid and large pulse is also hard to cure.
Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) is characterized by constant thirst in the mouth. If urination is obstructed accompanied by thirst, it indicates internal Dampness. (Dampness should be drained.) If urination is free accompanied by thirst, it indicates internal Dryness. (Dryness should be moistened.) Generally speaking, the three types of Xiao Ke (Upper, Middle, and Lower Wasting-Thirst) all belong to internal deficiency with Heat.
Siaosi Tang (Cocoon Silk Decoction) treats San Jiao (Triple Burner) thirst with miraculous effect. If Siaosi Tang is unavailable, decocting silk from raw silkworm cocoons can serve as a substitute; drink it at any time for great efficacy. This substance belongs to Fire but possesses Yin-nourishing properties; it greatly clears latent Fire in the Bladder, guiding Yin fluids upward to moisten the mouth and relieve thirst.
Huanglian Dihuang Tang (Coptis and Rehmannia Decoction)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, removing roots), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, removing stems), Chuan Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, removing rhizomes), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Baifuling (Poria, removing bark), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian).
Crush these ingredients into one dose. Add one slice of fresh ginger, one jujube, ten leaves of bamboo, and two cups of water. Decoct, remove dregs, and take warm. For Upper Jiao thirst, add Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix); for Middle Jiao thirst, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix); for dizziness and unrelenting thirst, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); for Lower Jiao thirst, add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma). To make pills, add Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), refine honey, and form pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, holding it in the mouth to dissolve and swallow.
Yuquan Wan (Jade Spring Pill)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Shengdi zhi (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix), Lianrou (Loti Semen), Wumei rou (Pruni Fructus flesh), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (all in equal parts). Add Renru (Human Milk), Niuru (Cow's Milk), Zhugan zhi (Sugar Cane Juice), Lizhi (Pear Juice), Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice).
First, boil the various juices with 1.5 jin of honey until they form a paste. Then, grind the herbs into powder, mix with the paste, steam until hot, and boil several times. Take five tea spoons per dose, mixed with clear rice soup before meals. Avoid all pungent and hot substances.
Shang Xiao (Upper Wasting-Thirst) is Lung Fire, characterized by excessive drinking and reduced food intake.
Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) treats Shang Jiao (Upper Burner) thirst symptoms.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (all in equal parts), Wumei (Pruni Fructus) (one piece).
Crush these ingredients into one dose. Take frequently after meals, away from meal times.
Zhong Xiao (Middle Wasting-Thirst) is Stomach Fire, characterized by rapid digestion, easy hunger, failure to gain muscle mass, and dark yellow urine. (Treat with Renshen Baihu Tang [Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction].)
Ziyin Jianghuo Tang (Nourishing Yin and Descending Fire Decoction) treats Xia Jiao (Lower Burner) thirst symptoms. (Formula see "Xu Qie" chapter. Based on this formula, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus). Ge fen (Puerariae Radix Powder), Wumei (Pruni Fructus), roasted Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), remove Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba).)
Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) with excessive drinking caused by Heart-Kidney non-interaction. (Formula see "Xu Qie" chapter. Based on this formula, add Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus).)
Danxi said: The three Xiao syndromes mostly belong to Blood deficiency failing to generate body fluids; all are suitable for treatment primarily with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction). (Formula see "Bu Yi" chapter. For Shang Xiao, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), decoct, then add fresh Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice), Shengdihuang juice (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix), and Renru (Human Milk). For drinkers, add Sheng Gegen zhi (Juice of Puerariae Radix). For Zhong Xiao, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huashi (Hirudinis Pulvis? No, likely Huashi - Talcum), Hanshuishi (Borax? Or specific mineral stone), to descend Stomach Fire. For Xia Xiao, add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), to nourish Kidney Water; additionally, intermittently drinking Siaosi Tang (Cocoon Silk Decoction) is the best strategy.)
Secret Formula: Treats all three Xiao syndromes generally, and also treats hematemesis.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) (these two ground into powder), Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice), Renru (Human Milk), Shengdihuang zhi (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix).
Mix the two powders with ginger juice and honey to form a paste. Each time take a piece the size of a finger. Place on the tongue, slowly swallowing with plain boiled water.