人，仁也；仁，生人也。故《易》曰∶立人之道，曰仁与义。体，第也，骨、肉、毛、血、表、里、大、小
相次第也。躯，区也；是众名之大总，若区域也。形有象之异也。身，伸也；可屈伸也。肉，柔也。毛，貌也，冒
也，在表所以别形貌，且以自冒覆也。皮，被也，被覆体也。肤，布也，布在里也。肌， 也，肤膜坚 也，肢
，枝也，似木之枝格也。筋，力也，肉中之力，气之元也，靳固于身形也。
膜。幕也，幕络一体也。血， 也，出于肉，流而 也。脓，浓也，汁，浓浓也。汁，涕涕而出也。津，进也，
汗进出也。汗， 也，出在于表， 然也。髓，遗也，遗FS 也。发，拨也，擢而出也。鬓，峻也，所生高峻也
。髦，冒也，覆冒头颈也。眉，媚也，有娥媚也。头，独也，于体高而独也。首，始也。面，漫也。额，鄂也，
有垠鄂也，故幽州人则谓之鄂也。角者，生于额角也。 ，鞍也，偃折如鞍也。目，默也，默而内识也。眼，
限也，瞳子限限而出也。睫，插接也，插于眼眶而相接也。瞳子，瞳重也，肤幕相裹重也，子小称也，谓主其精
明者也，或曰眸子，眸冒也，相裹冒也。鼻， 也，出气 也。口，空也。颊，夹也，两
旁称也，亦取挟敛饮食物也。舌，泄也，舒泄所当言也。齿，始也，少长之别，始乎此也。以齿食多者，长也；
食少者，幼也。颐养也，动于下，止于上，上下咀物以养人也。牙，摅牙也，随形言之也，辅车其骨强，所以
辅持口也；或曰牙车，牙所载也；或曰颔，颔含也，口含物之车也；或曰颊车，亦所以载物也，或曰 车，
鼠之食积于颊。人食似之，故取名也。凡系于车，皆取在下载上物也。耳， 也，耳有一体属着两边， 然也。
唇，缘也，口之缘也。吻，免也，入之则碎，出之则免也；又取收也，漱唾所出，恒加收拭，因以为名也。舌
卷也，可以养制食物，使不落也。鼻下曰立人，取立于鼻下狭而长，似人立也。口上曰髭，髭，姿也，为姿容之
美也，下曰承浆，浆，水也。颐下曰须，须，秀也，物成乃秀，人成而须生也，亦取须体干长而复生也。在颊耳
旁曰髯，随口动摇髯髯然也。其上连发曰鬓，鬓，滨也，滨崖也，为面额之崖岸也。鬓曲头曰距，距，拒也，言其
曲似拒也。项，确也，坚确受枕之处。颈，径也，径挺而长也。咽，咽物也。喉，候也，气之出入不失其候
也。FS 在颐缨理之中也，青徐谓之 ，物投其中受而下之者也；又谓之嗌气所流通 要之处也。胡，互也，在咽
下垂能敛互物也。胸，犹空也，空气所冲也。臆，犹抑也，抑气所差也。膺，壅也，气所壅塞也。腹，复也，富也
，肠胃之属，以自裹盛腹于外，腹之其中多品，似富者也。心，纤也，所识纤微，无物不贯心也。肝，干也，五行
属木，故其体状有枝干也，凡物以木为干也。肺，勃也，言其气勃郁也。脾，裨也，在胃下裨助胃气主化谷也。肾，
引也，肾属水，主引水气灌注诸脉也。胃，围也，围受食物也。肠，畅也，通畅胃气，去滓秽也，脐，剂也，肠端
之所限剂也。
胞，KT 也，KT ，空虚之言也，土以虚乘水沟也；或曰膀胱，言其体短而横广也。自脐以下曰小腹，水 所聚也，
又曰少腹，少，小也，比于脐以上为小也。阴，荫，言所在荫翳也。胁，挟也，在两旁臂所挟也。肋，勒也，
检勒五脏也。膈，塞也，塞上下，使气与谷不相通也。腋，绎也，言可张翕寻绎也。肩，坚也，甲阖也，与胸
胁皆所相会合也。臂，裨也，在旁曰裨也。肘，注也，可隐注也。腕，宛也，言可宛屈也。掌，言可以排掌也。
手，须也，事业之所须也。节，有限节也。爪，绍也，筋极为爪，绍续指端也。背，倍也，在后称也。脊，积
也，积续骨节终上下也。尾，微也，承脊之末稍微杀也。腰，约也，在体之中约结而小也。髋，缓也，其腋皮浓
而缓也。臀，殿也，高浓有殿选也。尻，廖也，尻所在廖牢也。腰，要也，脾股动摇如机枢也。髀，卑也，在下
称也。股。固也，为强固也。膝，伸也，可以屈伸也。脚，却也，以其坐时却在后也。胫，茎也，直而长似茎也。
膝头曰膊，膊，围也，因形团圆而名之也；或曰蹁，蹁，扁也，亦因形而名之也。足，续也，言续胫也。趾，止
也，言行一进一止也。蹄，底也，乃足之底也。踝，踊也，居足两旁，确确然也，亦因其形踝踝然也。足后曰根，
在下旁着地，一体任之，象本根也。踵，钟也，钟，聚也，上体之所钟聚也。
人，就是“仁”的意思；仁，是养育生命的人。所以《易经》说：确立做人的原则，在于仁与义。体，是次序的意思，指骨、肉、毛、血、表、里、大、小等身体部分依次排列。躯，是“区”的意思；它是众多名称的总称，就像区域一样。形，是有形象的区别。身，是“伸”的意思；可以弯曲和伸展。肉，是“柔”的意思。毛，是“貌”的意思，也是“冒”的意思，长在体表用来区别外形容貌，并且用来自我覆盖保护。皮，是“被”的意思，覆盖身体。肤，是“布”的意思，分布在体内（肌肉之间）。肌，是“膜”的意思，皮肤下的筋膜坚实。肢，是“枝”的意思，像树木的枝干一样。筋，是“力”的意思，是肌肉中的力量，是气的根本，坚固地连接在身体形态上。膜，是“幕”的意思，像帷幕一样联络全身一体。血，是“流”的意思，从肉中产生，流动运行。脓，是“浓”的意思，汁液浓厚。汁，是涕涕而出的样子。津，是“进”的意思，汗进出体内。汗，是“散”的意思，出于体表，散发的样子。髓，是“遗”的意思，遗留精华。发，是“拨”的意思，拔擢而出。鬓，是“峻”的意思，生长在高峻之处。髦，是“冒”的意思，覆盖头颈。眉，是“媚”的意思，有妩媚之态。头，是“独”的意思，在身体最高且独立。首，是“始”的意思。面，是“漫”的意思。额，是“鄂”的意思，有界限分明，所以幽州人称之为鄂。角者，生长在额角的两侧。鼻，是“鞍”的意思，隆起如马鞍。目，是“默”的意思，沉默而内识事物。眼，是“限”的意思，瞳仁界限分明地显露出来。睫，是“插接”的意思，插入眼眶并相接。瞳子，是“瞳重”的意思，眼皮和膜相互包裹重叠，因细小而得名，说是主宰精明的器官，也有人说叫眸子，眸是覆盖的意思，相互包裹覆盖。鼻，是“出气”的地方。口，是“空”的意思。颊，是“夹”的意思，指两旁，也取挟持收敛饮食物的意思。舌，是“泄”的意思，舒展宣泄应当说的话。齿，是“始”的意思，年少与年长的区别，开始于此。以牙齿吃东西多的，是长；吃东西少的，是幼。颐，是养的意思，在下部运动，在上部停止，上下咀嚼食物以供养人。牙，是“抒牙”的意思，随形体而言，辅车骨骼强壮，所以辅助支撑口腔；也有叫牙车的，是牙承载的地方；也有叫颔的，颔是包含的意思，口中含物的车；也有叫颊车的，也是承载东西的；也有叫鼠车的，因为老鼠的食物积聚在颊旁，人吃东西类似，所以取名。凡是系于车的，都取下载物之意。耳，是“垂”的意思，耳朵有一个整体附着在两边，下垂的样子。唇，是“缘”的意思，口的边缘。吻，是“免”的意思，进去则破碎，出来则免除；又取收藏的意思，漱口吐唾沫时，经常收拢擦拭，因此得名。舌卷曲，可以控制食物，使其不掉落。鼻子下面叫立人，取立于鼻下狭长，像人站立的样子。嘴巴上面叫髭，髭，是姿容的意思，为了姿态容貌的美。下面叫承浆，浆，是水的意思。下巴下面叫须，须，是秀丽的意思，万物成熟才秀丽，人成熟后须才生长，也取须体干枯长而复生的意思。在脸颊耳朵旁边叫髯，随着口动摇而飘动。上面连着头发叫鬓，鬓，是滨岸的意思，像崖岸一样，是面部额头的边界。鬓角弯曲处叫距，距，是抗拒的意思，说它弯曲像抗拒。项，是“确”的意思，坚硬确实接受枕头之处。颈，是“径”的意思，笔直而长。咽，是吞咽食物。喉，是“候”的意思，气出入不失其时。嗌在颐缨理之中，青徐地区称为嗌，物体投入其中受纳而下行的地方；又称之为气流通的重要之处。胡，是“互”的意思，在咽喉下垂能收敛交互食物。胸，犹如“空”，空气所冲撞之处。臆，犹如“抑”，抑制气息差谬之处。膺，是“壅”的意思，气所壅塞之处。腹，是“复”的意思，也是“富”的意思，肠胃之类，自我包裹盛放于外，腹中物品繁多，像富有的人。心，是“纤”的意思，所识别细微，没有事物不贯穿于心。肝，是“干”的意思，五行属木，所以其形状有枝干，凡物以木为干。肺，是“勃”的意思，说其气勃郁。脾，是“裨”的意思，在胃下辅助帮助胃气主要消化谷物。肾，是“引”的意思，肾属水，主要引导水气灌注各条经脉。胃，是“围”的意思，围裹接受食物。肠，是“畅”的意思，通畅胃气，去除渣滓秽物。脐，是“剂”的意思，肠端所限制的地方。胞，是“空虚”的意思，空虚之言，土以虚乘水沟；也有叫膀胱的，说其体短而横广。从脐以下叫小腹，是水汇聚的地方，也叫少腹，少，是小，比脐以上为小。阴，是“荫”的意思，说所在之处遮蔽。胁，是“挟”的意思，在两旁手臂所挟持处。肋，是“勒”的意思，检束约束五脏。膈，是“塞”的意思，堵塞上下，使气与谷不相通。腋，是“绎”的意思，说可以张开收缩寻绎。肩，是“坚”的意思，甲阖，与胸胁都相会合。臂，是“裨”的意思，在旁边叫裨。肘，是“注”的意思，可以隐注。腕，是“宛”的意思，说可以宛屈。掌，说可以排掌。手，是“须”的意思，事业所必须。节，有限制节制。爪，是“绍”的意思，筋极处为爪，接续指端。背，是“倍”的意思，在后面称。脊，是“积”的意思，积续骨节终上下。尾，是“微”的意思，承接脊末稍微衰杀。腰，是“约”的意思，在身体中间约束结小而。髋，是“缓”的意思，腋下皮厚而缓。臀，是“殿”的意思，高厚有殿选。尻，是“廖”的意思，尻所在廖牢。腰，是“要”的意思，大腿动摇如机枢。髀，是“卑”的意思，在下面称。股，是“固”的意思，为强固。膝，是“伸”的意思，可以屈伸。脚，是“却”的意思，因为坐时却在后。胫，是“茎”的意思，直而长似茎。膝盖头叫膊，膊，是围的意思，因形状团圆而名；也有叫蹁的，蹁，是扁的意思，也因形状而名。足，是“续”的意思，说接续胫。趾，是“止”的意思，说行走一进一止。蹄，是“底”的意思，乃是足的底部。踝，是“踊”的意思，居足两旁，确确然，也因形状踝踝然。足后叫根，在下旁着地，一体承担，象本根。踵，是“钟”的意思，钟，聚，上体所钟聚。
Human beings (Ren, benevolence) are synonymous with "Ren" (benevolence); Ren refers to those who nurture life. Thus, the *I Ching* (Book of Changes) states: The way of establishing humanity lies in Ren (benevolence) and Yi (righteousness). Ti (body structure) implies sequence, referring to the orderly arrangement of bones (Gu), flesh (Rou), hair (Mao), blood (Xue), exterior (Biao), interior (Li), large (Da), and small (Xiao) parts. Qu (trunk) is derived from "Qu" (region/area); it is the general term for various body names, akin to a geographical region. Xing (form) denotes distinct physical shapes. Shen (body/self) derives from "Shen" (extend/stretch), indicating the ability to bend and stretch. Rou (flesh) means "Rou" (soft/tender). Mao (hair) relates to "Mao" (appearance) and "Mao" (cover); growing on the surface, it distinguishes appearance and provides self-protection. Pi (skin) comes from "Pi" (quilt/cover), meaning it covers the body. Fu (subcutaneous tissue) derives from "Bu" (spread/distribute), distributed within the deeper layers. Ji (muscle) refers to "Mo" (membrane), where the fascia under the skin is firm. Zhi (limbs) corresponds to "Zhi" (branch), resembling tree branches. Jin (tendon/ligament) means "Li" (strength); it is the strength within the muscles, the origin of Qi, firmly securing the body's form. Mo (membrane/fascia) is like a "Mu" (curtain/screen), connecting the entire body as one unit. Xue (blood) flows ("Liu") from the flesh and circulates. Nong (pus) is "Nong" (thick/concentrated), referring to thick fluid. Zhi (juice/fluid) flows out like tears. Jin (thin saliva/body fluid) implies "Jin" (advance/enter), relating to sweat entering and exiting. Han (sweat) disperses ("San") at the surface, appearing as evaporation. Sui (marrow) implies "Yi" (leave behind/residue), retaining essence. Fa (hair) is "Bo" (pluck/pull), emerging by growth. Bin (sideburns) derives from "Jun" (steep/high), growing in elevated areas. Mao (long hair on head/neck) means "Mao" (cover), covering the head and neck. Mei (eyebrows) relate to "Mei" (charming/alluring), possessing an attractive quality. Tou (head) is "Du" (unique/independent), standing highest and alone on the body. Shou (head/top) means "Shi" (beginning). Mian (face) derives from "Man" (spread/overflow). E (forehead) is "E" (boundary/edge), having clear limits; thus, people in Youzhou call it "E". Jiao (horn/corner) grows at the corners of the forehead. Bi (nose bridge) resembles an "An" (saddle), arching like a saddle. Mu (eye organ) implies "Mo" (silent/still), silently perceiving internally. Yan (eye opening) is "Xian" (limit/boundary), with the pupil clearly visible within limits. Jie (eyelash) means "Cha Jie" (insert/connect), inserted into the eye socket and connected. Tongzi (pupil) implies "Tong Chong" (layered/repeated), wrapped by eyelids and membranes; named "Zi" (child/small) due to its size, it governs clarity of vision. Some call it Mouzi (pupil); Mou means cover, wrapping mutually. Bi (nose) is the passage for expelling air. Kou (mouth) is "Kong" (empty/hollow). Jia (cheek) is "Jia" (clamp/squeeze), referring to the sides, also implying holding food and drink. She (tongue) is "Xie" (discharge/release), extending to release speech. Chi (teeth) mean "Shi" (start/beginning); they mark the difference between youth and adulthood. Those who eat more with teeth are adults; those who eat less are children. Yi (chin/jaw) means nourishment; it moves below and stops above, chewing to nourish the person. Ya (molar/tooth) is "Shu Ya", described according to shape; the Fu Che bones are strong to support the mouth. Also called Yache (tooth carriage), where teeth are carried; or Han (jaw), meaning containing; or Jiache (cheek carriage), carrying objects; or Shuche (mouse carriage), because mice store food in cheeks, similar to humans storing food, hence the name. Anything associated with a carriage takes the meaning of carrying load. Er (ear) is "Chui" (hang down); the ear has a single structure attached to both sides, hanging down. Chun (lip) is "Yuan" (edge/border), the edge of the mouth. Wen (corner of mouth) is "Mian" (avoid/exempt); entering breaks it, exiting avoids damage; also implies gathering, as saliva is collected and wiped, hence the name. She juan (rolled tongue) controls food to prevent dropping. Li Ren (vertical groove under nose) stands under the narrow, long nose, resembling a standing person. Zi (upper lip hair) is "Zi" (posture/appearance), for aesthetic beauty. Cheng Jiang (groove under lower lip) means "Jiang" (water/saliva). Xu (beard on chin) is "Xiu" (elegant/mature); things become elegant when mature, and beards grow when humans mature; also implies dry, long, regrowing hair. Ran (sideburns/beard on cheeks) sways near the ears. Bin (sideburns connected to hair) is "Bin" (shore/cliff), the boundary of the face and forehead. Ju (temporal curve) is "Ju" (resist/refuse), curved like a barrier. Xiang (nape) is "Que" (firm/solid), the hard place accepting the pillow. Jing (neck) is "Jing" (path/straight), straight and long. Yan (pharynx/swallowing part) swallows food. Hou (larynx/trachea) is "Hou" (wait/time), ensuring air enters and exits at the proper time. Yi (throat/pharynx) is located in the chin's texture; in Qingxu regions called Yi, it receives and lowers objects; also the vital passage for Qi flow. Hu (beard on chin/neck) is "Hu" (interact/mix), hanging below the throat to gather food. Xiong (chest) is like "Kong" (empty), where air rushes. Yi (breastbone/upper chest) is like "Yi" (suppress), where Qi may be suppressed. Ying (pectoral region) is "Yong" (blockage), where Qi is congested. Fu (abdomen) is "Fu" (repeat/accumulate) and "Fu" (rich/abundant); containing intestines and stomach, it wraps and holds contents, abundant inside like wealth. Xin (heart) is "Xian" (fine/subtle), recognizing subtleties, penetrating all things. Gan (liver) is "Gan" (trunk/main stem); belonging to Wood in Five Elements, its shape has branches and trunks, like wood. Fei (lung) is "Bo" (vigorous/oppressed), describing its Qi as vigorous yet constrained. Pi (spleen) is "Bi" (assist/help); located below the stomach, it assists Stomach Qi in digesting grains. Shen (kidney) is "Yin" (guide/lead); belonging to Water, it guides Water Qi to irrigate meridians. Wei (stomach) is "Wei" (surround/encircle), surrounding and receiving food. Chang (intestine) is "Chang" (smooth/unobstructed), smoothing Stomach Qi and removing waste. Qi (navel) is "Ji" (measure/limit), the limit of the intestinal ends. Bao (bladder) is "Xu Kong" (empty/hollow); earth uses emptiness to hold water channels; also called Pangguang (bladder), noting its short and wide shape. Xiaofu (lower abdomen) below the navel is where Water gathers; also called Shaofu (less abdomen), smaller than above the navel. Yin (genitals) is "Yin" (shade/shelter), referring to shaded areas. Xie (flank) is "Xie" (clasp/support), clapped by arms on both sides. Lei (rib) is "Lei" (restrain/bind), restraining the five Zang organs. Ge (diaphragm) is "Sai" (block/seal), blocking upper and lower to prevent mixing of Qi and food. Ye (armpit) is "Yi" (trace/explore), allowing expansion and contraction. Jian (shoulder) is "Jian" (hard/solid) and "Jia He" (armor closing), meeting the chest and flanks. Bi (arm) is "Bi" (assistant/support), called assistant when on the side. Zhou (elbow) is "Zhu" (pour/focus), capable of hidden flexion. Wan (wrist) is "Wan" (curve/bend), capable of bending. Zhang (palm) allows striking or spreading. Shou (hand) is "Xu" (need/requirement), necessary for work. Jie (joint) has limits and restrictions. Zhua (nail) is "Shao" (continue/link); tendons end in nails, linking finger tips. Bei (back) is "Bei" (double/behind), called so because it is at the rear. Ji (spine) is "Ji" (accumulate/pile), accumulating vertebrae from top to bottom. Wei (tailbone) is "Wei" (tiny/minor), slightly tapering at the end of the spine. Yao (waist) is "Yue" (tie/bind), binding and narrowing in the middle of the body. Kuan (hip) is "Huan" (loose/relaxed), with thick, loose skin in the armpit/groin area. Tun (buttock) is "Dian" (palace/hall), high and thick like a palace seat. Kao (rump) is "Liao" (quiet/stable), stable in position. Yao (waist/thigh joint) is "Yao" (key/waist), thighs moving like a pivot. Bi (thigh) is "Bei" (low/humble), called so because it is lower. Gu (thigh muscle) is "Gu" (solid/strong), being robust. Xi (knee) is "Shen" (extend), capable of flexion and extension. Jiao (foot) is "Que" (retreat/back), as it is at the back when sitting. Jing (shin) is "Jing" (stem/stalk), straight and long like a stalk. Bo (kneecap) is "Wei" (circle/encircle), named for its round shape; also called Pian (flat), named for its flat shape. Zu (foot) is "Xu" (connect/continue), continuing the shin. Zhi (toe) is "Zhi" (stop/rest), representing steps forward and stopping. Ti (hoof/sole metaphor) is "Di" (bottom/base), the base of the foot. Huai (ankle) is "Yong" (jump/protrude), protruding on both sides of the foot, solid and prominent. Gen (heel/root) is at the back, touching the ground, bearing the whole weight, resembling a root. Zhong (heel pad) is "Zhong" (bell/gather), where the upper body's energy gathers.