艾叶 赤石脂( ) 补骨脂(炒) 木贼(各半两) 附子(一个,炮去皮脐)
上为末,陈米饮和丸,梧子大。食前温酒、米汤下二十丸。
评曰∶血崩不是轻病,况产后有此,是谓重伤,恐不止咸酸不节而能致之。多因忧惊恚
怒,脏气不平;或产后服断血药早,致恶血不消,郁满作坚,亦成崩中,固经丸似难责效,
不若大料煮芎 当归加芍药汤,候定,续次随证合诸药治之为得。
芎 当归加芍药汤方 方见眩晕门,加芍药等分
第十四论曰∶产后腹胀闷、呕吐不定者何?答曰∶败血散于脾胃,脾受之,不能运化精
微而成腹胀;胃受之,则不得受纳水谷而生吐逆。医者不识,若以寻常治胀止吐药疗之,病
与药不相干,转更伤动正气,疾愈难治,但服抵圣汤。
赤芍药 半夏(汤洗七次) 泽兰叶 人参 陈皮(各二钱) 甘草(炙,一钱)
上为锉散。每作一剂,用水二碗,生姜半两,煎至二盏,去滓,分三次热服。
第十五论曰∶产后口鼻黑气起及鼻衄者何?答曰∶阳明者经脉之海,起于鼻,交
中,还出挟口,交人中,左之右,右之左。产后气消血散,荣卫不理,散乱入于诸经,却还
不得,故令口鼻黑起及变鼻衄。此缘产后虚热变生此证,其疾不可治,名胃绝肺败。此证不可治,不出方。
第十六论曰∶产后喉中气急喘者何?答曰∶荣者血也,卫者气也,荣行脉中,卫行脉外
,相随上下,谓之荣卫。因产所下过多,荣血暴竭,卫气无主,独聚肺中,故令喘也,此名
孤阳绝阴,为难治。若恶露不快,败血停凝,上熏于肺,亦令喘急,但服夺命丹,血去喘息自定。
夺命丹 方见第二论
评曰∶产后喘急固可畏,若是败血上熏于肺,犹可责效夺命丹。若感风寒,或因忧怒,
饮食咸冷等,夺命丹末可均济,况孤阳绝阴乎?若荣血暴绝,宜大料煮芎 汤亦自可救;伤
风寒,宜旋复花汤;性理郁发,宜大调经散,用桑白皮杏仁煎汤调下;伤食,宜见 丸、五积散。
芎 汤 方见眩晕门
艾叶、赤石脂(未注明具体炮制或用量,原文此处可能有缺漏,依原文直译)、补骨脂(炒制)、木贼(各半两)、附子(一个,炮制后去皮和脐)。
以上药物研为细末,用陈年米汤调和制成丸药,大小如梧桐子。饭前用温酒或米汤送服二十丸。
评论说:血崩不是轻症,况且产后出现这种情况,属于重伤,恐怕不止是因为饮食咸酸不节制导致的。多因忧愁、惊恐、愤怒,导致脏腑之气不平衡;或者产后过早服用止血断血的药物,导致恶露无法消除,郁结胀满变硬,也形成崩中病,固经丸似乎难以取得疗效,不如用大剂量的煮芎归加芍药汤,待病情稳定后,再根据症状配合其他药物治疗,这样更为妥当。
芎归加芍药汤方 见眩晕门章节,加芍药等量
第十四论说:产后腹胀闷、呕吐不定是什么原因?回答说:败血散乱于脾胃,脾受邪,不能运化精微物质而形成腹胀;胃受邪,则不能受纳水谷而产生呕吐逆气。医生如果不认识这一点,如果用通常治疗腹胀和止吐的药物来治疗,病症与药物不相干,反而更伤动正气,疾病更难治愈,只要服用抵圣汤即可。
赤芍药、半夏(用汤水洗七次)、泽兰叶、人参、陈皮(各二钱)、甘草(炙,一钱)。
以上药物锉成散剂。每次取一剂,用水两碗,生姜半两,煎至两盏,去渣,分三次热服。
第十五论说:产后口鼻出现黑气及鼻出血是什么原因?回答说:阳明经是经脉之海,起于鼻部,交会于鼻根旁(頞),环绕口唇,交会于人中穴,左侧的脉气向右行,右侧的脉气向左行。产后气血耗散,营卫运行紊乱,散乱进入各条经脉,却无法回归原位,所以导致口鼻出现黑气及变为鼻出血。这是因为产后虚热变化产生此证,此疾不可治,名为胃绝肺败。此证不可治,不出方剂。
第十六论说:产后喉中气急喘息是什么原因?回答说:荣就是血,卫就是气,荣行于脉中,卫行于脉外,相随上下,称为营卫。因为生产时失血过多,荣血突然枯竭,卫气失去主宰,独自聚集在肺中,所以导致喘息,这名叫孤阳绝阴,属于难治之症。如果恶露排出不畅,败血停凝,上熏于肺,也会导致喘急,只需服用夺命丹,血去后喘息自然停止。
夺命丹 见第二论章节
评论说:产后喘急固然可怕,如果是败血上熏于肺,还可以指望夺命丹取得疗效。如果是感受风寒,或因忧怒、饮食咸冷等引起,夺命丹粉末不足以救治,何况是孤阳绝阴呢?如果是荣血暴绝,宜用大剂量的煮芎归汤也可以挽救;伤风寒,宜用旋复花汤;性情理气郁结发作,宜用大调经散,用桑白皮、杏仁煎汤调服;伤食,宜用见圆丸、五积散。
芎归汤 见眩晕门章节
Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium), Chishi Zhi (Halloysit Rubrum, red halloysite), Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus, Psoralea fruit, stir-fried), Mu Zei (Equiseti Herba, Horsetail herb) [each half liang], Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, prepared lateral root of aconite, one piece, processed, skin and umbilicus removed).
The above ingredients are ground into powder. Mix with aged rice water to form pills the size of a Chinese quince seed (Wu Zi). Take twenty pills before meals, washed down with warm wine or rice soup.
Comment: Hemorrhage (Xue Beng, severe uterine bleeding) is not a mild disease. Moreover, occurring postpartum, it constitutes a severe injury. It is likely caused not merely by irregular consumption of salty and sour foods. It often results from sorrow, fright, and anger, leading to imbalance in the Qi of the Zang organs; or from taking blood-stopping medications too early postpartum, causing lochia (E Xue, retained blood) to fail to dissipate, becoming stagnant, distended, and hardened, thus also forming Bing Zhong (sudden heavy vaginal bleeding). Gu Jing Wan (Solidify the Menses Pill) seems unlikely to be effective. It would be better to use a large dose of Zhu Xiong Gui Jia Shao Yao Tang (Decoction of Ligusticum and Angelica with Added Peony), and after the condition stabilizes, subsequently combine various herbs according to the specific symptoms for treatment. This is the proper approach.
Formula for Xiong Gui Jia Shao Yao Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction with Added Peony): See section on Vertigo/Dizziness; add Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba/Rubra, white/red peony root) in equal proportion.
Chapter Fourteen states: What causes abdominal distension, fullness, and uncertain vomiting postpartum? The answer is: Failed blood (Bai Xue, necrotic blood/lochia) scatters into the Spleen and Stomach. When the Spleen is affected, it cannot transform and transport essence and micro-nutrients, resulting in abdominal distension; when the Stomach is affected, it cannot receive and digest food and fluids, generating vomiting and regurgitation. If physicians do not recognize this, and treat with ordinary medicines for distension and vomiting, the disease and medicine will be unrelated, further damaging the Righteous Qi (Zheng Qi), making the illness harder to cure. One should simply take Di Sheng Tang (Support the Sage Decoction).
Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, red peony root), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinellia rhizome, washed seven times with hot water), Ze Lan Ye (Leonuri Herba, Houttuynia leaf/herb), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng root and rhizome), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, tangerine peel) [each two qian], Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, licorice root, honey-fried) [one qian].
The above ingredients are cut into coarse fragments to make a powder. For each dose, use two bowls of water and half a liang of fresh ginger. Decoct until two bowls remain. Remove the dregs. Divide into three doses and take hot.
Chapter Fifteen states: What causes black qi to rise around the mouth and nose, along with epistaxis (Bi Nu, nosebleed), postpartum? The answer is: The Yangming Meridian is the sea of the meridians. It originates at the nose, crosses at the nasolabial fold (E), emerges again flanking the mouth, and crosses at the philtrum (Ren Zhong). The left side connects to the right, and the right to the left. Postpartum, Qi is depleted and Blood is scattered. Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) lose their orderly regulation. They scatter into the various meridians but cannot return to their original paths. Therefore, black qi appears around the mouth and nose, and epistaxis occurs. This arises because deficiency-heat generated postpartum transforms into this syndrome. This illness is incurable, named Wei Jue Fei Bai (Exhaustion of Stomach and Failure of Lung). Since this syndrome is incurable, no formula is provided.
Chapter Sixteen states: What causes rapid breathing and wheezing in the throat postpartum? The answer is: Ying refers to Blood, and Wei refers to Qi. Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels, moving up and down together, known as Ying and Wei. Due to excessive blood loss during childbirth, Ying Blood suddenly exhausts. Wei Qi loses its master and gathers exclusively in the Lungs, thus causing wheezing. This is named Gu Yang Jue Yin (Solitary Yang and Absolute Yin), which is difficult to treat. If lochia flows poorly and failed blood stagnates and coagulates, steaming upward to the Lungs, it also causes rapid breathing. In such cases, simply take Duo Ming Dan (Snatch Life Pill); once the blood is expelled, the breathing will naturally settle.
Duo Ming Dan (Snatch Life Pill): See Chapter Two.
Comment: Postpartum rapid breathing and wheezing are indeed frightening. If caused by failed blood steaming upward to the Lungs, one can still expect efficacy from Duo Ming Dan. However, if caused by contraction of Wind-Cold, or by emotional distress (worry/anger), or by consuming salty/cold foods, the powder of Duo Ming Dan is insufficient to remedy the situation, let alone in cases of Solitary Yang and Absolute Yin. If Ying Blood is suddenly exhausted, a large dose of Zhu Xiong Gui Tang (Decoction of Ligusticum and Angelica) can also save the patient; if injured by Wind-Cold, Xuan Fu Hua Tang (Inula Flower Decoction) is suitable; if due to emotional stagnation and eruption, Da Tiao Jing San (Great Regulation of Menses Powder) is suitable, taken mixed with decoction of Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, mulberry bark) and Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen, apricot seed); if due to food injury, Jian Yuan Wan (See Circle Pill) and Wu Ji San (Five Accumulations Powder) are suitable.
Xiong Gui Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction): See section on Vertigo/Dizziness.