圆扁、尖长、乃金水火木之体。金之形圆。水之形扁。火之形尖。木之形长。四者本来
自然
之体。而岂无体耶。各旺四时。中和之体也。乃土之体也。圆形中和。乃圆形内有土体也。
扁形中和。乃扁形之内有土也。而尖长皆然所谓土旺四时无不在也。四者之体固如此。而升
降浮沉。人为四者之性。急为木之性。聚为金之性。渗为水之性。亦道易云本乎天。上者亲
上。本乎地者亲下意同。
其各部中。当认天阳地阴乃天地自然之本体。若地阴居上。而天阳在下。而阴郁阳当。
以散其阴邪。而复其天阳矣。
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以上六脉
下部脐至腿足止
中部胸至脐止
上部首脑至背胸止
论三部脉。先定阴阳与太过不及。
左尺脉浮主肾。其脉上至关部。下不及尺。乃为阳是太过也。主肾虚冷定令人怯弱。腰
脊强。恶寒。足跨疼痛。
左关脉主肝。上至寸口。下不应指。乃为阳太过也。主目暗筋疼多怒。缘肝属木。岂无
根而有枝叶。
左寸脉主心。其脉上至鱼际。下不应指。是阳有余。为太过也。主心怔忡梦多旧事。多
忘。缘心属火。合当离明。不当太过。
右尺部主命门。其脉上至关部。下不及尺。是阳有余。乃太过也。主遗精多梦。思交过
度。经水白浊。脱肛战栗。缘命门主藏精。不合。精液如水流。
右关部主脾。其脉上至寸口。下不守关。阳有余。乃为太过。主面黄。眼泡浮肿。贪睡
懒动。四肢倦怠。缘脾主中央。尺当安宁。不宜动。
右寸脉主肺。上至鱼际。下不及关。是阳有余乃太过主气短身瘦。咳吐稠浓。时如疟状
属金四季多浮如毛。
圆、扁、尖、长，分别是金、水、火、木的形体特征。金的形体是圆的。水的形体是扁的。火的形体是尖的。木的形体是长的。这四种形体本是自然形成的体质，难道没有固定的形体吗？它们分别旺盛于四个季节，其中和的形体就是土的形体。圆形中包含中和之意，即圆形之内蕴含土体；扁形中包含中和之意，即扁形之内蕴含土体。至于尖形和长形也是如此，这就是所谓的“土旺四季，无处不有”。这四种形体固然如此，但升、降、浮、沉则是人为赋予这四种形体的性质。急迫是木的性质，聚敛是金的性质，渗利是水的性质。这也与《易经》中说的“本乎天者亲上，本乎地者亲下”的意思相同。
在身体的各个部位中，应当认清天阳地阴是天地自然的根本本体。如果地阴居于上部，而天阳位于下部，导致阴气郁结、阳气受阻，就应当用发散的方法驱散阴邪，从而恢复天阳的正常状态。
（图：六气合来为邪脉图）
以上六种脉象：
下部脉：从脐部至腿足为止。
中部脉：从胸部至脐部为止。
上部脉：从头部至背部胸部为止。
左尺脉浮，主肾脏。其脉向上延伸至关部，向下不及尺部，这是阳气偏盛，属于太过。主要预示肾虚寒冷，必定使人怯弱，出现腰脊僵硬强直、恶寒、胯部和足部疼痛的症状。
左关脉主肝脏。其脉向上延伸至寸口，向下不应指（按之无力），这是阳气偏盛，属于太过。主要预示眼睛昏暗、筋脉疼痛、易怒。因为肝属木，难道能没有根基而只有枝叶吗？（意指肝血不足，根基不稳）。
左寸脉主心脏。其脉向上延伸至鱼际，向下不应指，这是阳气有余，属于太过。主要预示心悸怔忡、多梦且常梦见往事、容易遗忘。因为心属火，应当光明普照，不应当阳气太过。
右尺部主命门。其脉向上延伸至关部，向下不及尺部，这是阳气有余，属于太过。主要预示遗精、多梦、思虑房事过度、妇女经血白浊、脱肛、战栗发抖。因为命门主藏精，不应该让精液像水流一样外泄。
右关部主脾脏。其脉向上延伸至寸口，向下不守关部（按之无根），阳气有余，属于太过。主要预示面色发黄、眼睑浮肿、贪睡懒动、四肢倦怠乏力。因为脾主中央，应当安宁，不宜躁动。
右寸脉主肺脏。其脉向上延伸至鱼际，向下不及关部，这是阳气有余，属于太过。主要预示气短、身体消瘦、咳嗽吐出的痰液稠厚浓浊，症状时常像疟疾一样发作。肺属金，在四季中脉象多呈现浮而如毛的特征。
Round, flat, pointed, and elongated are the physical forms of Metal, Water, Fire, and Wood, respectively. The form of Metal is round. The form of Water is flat. The form of Fire is pointed. The form of Wood is elongated. These four forms are naturally inherent constitutions; how could they lack a fixed form? They flourish in their respective seasons, and their balanced (Zhonghe) form constitutes the form of Earth. A round shape containing balance implies that within the round form lies the essence of Earth; a flat shape containing balance implies that within the flat form lies the essence of Earth. The same applies to pointed and elongated shapes. This is what is meant by "Earth flourishes in all four seasons and is present everywhere." While these four forms are indeed as described, ascending, descending, floating, and sinking are the natures attributed to these forms by human observation. Urgency is the nature of Wood; gathering/concentrating is the nature of Metal; seeping/drainage is the nature of Water. This is consistent with the meaning in the *I Ching* (Book of Changes): "That which originates from Heaven tends toward the upper; that which originates from Earth tends toward the lower."
Within each section of the body, one must recognize that Heavenly Yang and Earthly Yin constitute the fundamental natural entities. If Earthly Yin resides in the upper part while Heavenly Yang is located below, causing Yin stagnation and Yang obstruction, dispersing methods should be employed to scatter the Yin pathogenic factors and restore the normal state of Heavenly Yang.
(Figure: Diagram of Six Qi Combining to Form Abnormal Pulses)
The above six pulse types:
Lower section pulses: Extend from the umbilicus to the legs and feet.
Middle section pulses: Extend from the chest to the umbilicus.
Upper section pulses: Extend from the head to the back and chest.
When discussing the three sections (Cun, Guan, Chi), one must first determine the Yin-Yang attributes and whether the pulse indicates Excess (Tai Guo) or Deficiency (Bu Ji).
A floating pulse at the Left Chi position governs the Kidneys. The pulse extends upward to the Guan position but does not reach downward to the full extent of the Chi position. This indicates Yang excess, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates Kidney Yang deficiency and coldness, inevitably leading to timidity and weakness, stiffness and rigidity of the waist and spine, aversion to cold, and pain in the hips and feet.
The Left Guan position governs the Liver. The pulse extends upward to the Cun position but does not respond to pressure downward. This indicates Yang excess, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates dim vision, tendon pain, and irritability. Since the Liver belongs to Wood, can it have branches and leaves without roots? (Implying insufficient Liver Blood/Root).
The Left Cun position governs the Heart. The pulse extends upward to the Yuji area but does not respond to pressure downward. This indicates Yang surplus, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates palpitations (Zhen Tong), frequent dreaming especially of past events, and forgetfulness. Since the Heart belongs to Fire, it should shine brightly (Li Ming); it should not exhibit excessive Yang.
The Right Chi position governs the Gate of Vitality (Ming Men). The pulse extends upward to the Guan position but does not reach downward to the full extent of the Chi position. This indicates Yang surplus, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates seminal emission, frequent dreaming, excessive sexual desire/thoughts, leukorrhea or turbid urine in women, rectal prolapse, and trembling/chills. Since the Gate of Vitality stores Essence (Jing), it should not allow Essence and fluids to flow out like water.
The Right Guan position governs the Spleen. The pulse extends upward to the Cun position but does not maintain stability at the Guan position downward. Yang is in excess, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates sallow complexion, puffy eyelids, hypersomnia, lethargy, and fatigue in the four limbs. Since the Spleen governs the Center, it should remain tranquil and should not be agitated.
The Right Cun position governs the Lungs. The pulse extends upward to the Yuji area but does not reach the Guan position downward. This indicates Yang surplus, representing an Excess condition. It primarily indicates shortness of breath, emaciation, coughing up thick and purulent sputum, and symptoms resembling malaria occurring intermittently. The Lung belongs to Metal; in the four seasons, its pulse often presents as floating and hair-like (Fu Mao).