（附痰饮）
痰本脾胃津液。周流运用。血气山之如道路。然不可无者。但内外感伤。则津液壅逆稠
浊。
或随气升降。遍身上下无处不到。其为病也种种不一。初起头疼发热。类是外感表症。久则
咳嗽朝轻夜重。内伤阴火又有痰饮流注肢节。痰痛类乎风症。但痰症胸满食减。肌色如故。
脉滑不匀为异耳。又眼胞及眼下如炭。烟熏黑者痰也。要分久新。新而轻者。形色青白稀薄
。气味亦淡。久而重者。黄浊稠粘凝结。咯之难出。渐成恶味。酸辣腥臊咸苦。甚至带血而
出。生于脾多四肢倦怠。或腹痛肿胀泄泻。其脉缓。肥人多有之。名曰湿痰。若挟食积瘀血
。遂窠囊痞块。又名食痰。留于胃脘。多呕吐吞酸嘈杂。上冲头面烘热。名曰火痰。若因饮
酒干呕。多成臂
胁痛。又名酒痰。升于肺。多毛焦面白
如枯骨。咽干口燥。咳嗽喘促。名曰燥痰。久为老痰。郁痰。又七情郁滞咽膈。多胸胁痞满
。咯之不出。咽之不下。形如破絮。或如梅核。名曰气痰迷于心多怔忡颠狂。梦寐奇怪
其脉洪。名曰热痰。动于肝。多眩运头风。眼目 动昏涩。耳叶瘙痒。胁肋胀痛。左瘫右痪。麻
木蜷跛奇症。名曰风痰。聚于肾。多足膝酸软。腰背强痛。肢节冷痹骨痛。名曰寒痰。又
劳
。或胸腹间如有二气交纽。噎塞烦闷。或背中常有一点如冰冷痛。或心下冰冷时痛。或四肢
肿硬似痛非痛。或骨节刺痛无常处。或吐冷涎绿水黑汁。或大小便脓。或关格不通。以致痨
瘵荏苒。妇人经闭。小儿惊搐。皆须先去败痰。然后调理。如斗殴胸骨扑伤刺痛不已。散
血
之剂罔功续以自己。饮之须臾吐痰。其痛立止。百病兼痰。如此治法。以痰生于脾胃。宜实
脾燥湿。又随气而升。宜顺气为先。分导次之。又气升属火。顺气在于降火。热痰则清之。
湿痰则燥之。风痰则散之。郁痰则开之。顽痰则软之。食痰则消之。在上者吐之。在中者下
之。中气虚者宜固中气。以运痰。若攻之太急。则胃气虚而痰愈盛矣。凡痰喘声脉散。汗出
如油身冷如冰者必死也。
（附注痰饮）
痰本是由脾胃的津液所化生。它周流全身，发挥运用作用，就像血气运行的道路一样。然而，痰并非完全无害之物，一旦受到内外因素的损伤，津液就会壅滞逆乱，变得稠厚浑浊。
有时它会随着气的升降运动，遍布全身上下，无处不到。它所导致的病症多种多样，不一而足。初起时出现头痛、发热，类似于外感表证；日久则表现为咳嗽，早晨轻晚上重；内伤阴火又有痰饮流注于肢节之间，痰引起的疼痛类似风症，但痰症的特点是胸中胀满、食欲减退，肌肉肤色如常，脉象滑而不匀，这是其不同之处。另外，眼睑及眼下部位像炭烧过一样，呈烟熏般的黑色，这是痰的表现。
要区分病程的新久：新病且轻者，痰的颜色和质地青白稀薄，气味也淡；久病且重者，痰色黄浊稠粘凝结，咯吐困难，逐渐产生恶臭，味道酸辣腥臊咸苦，甚至带血而出。
痰生于脾，多表现为四肢倦怠，或腹痛、肿胀、泄泻，脉象缓弱，肥胖人多有此症，名为湿痰。若夹杂食积瘀血，遂形成窠囊痞块，又名食痰。留于胃脘，多表现为呕吐、吞酸、嘈杂，上冲头面导致烘热，名为火痰。若因饮酒导致干呕，多形成臂胁痛，又名酒痰。
痰升于肺，多表现为毛发焦枯、面色苍白如枯骨，咽干口燥，咳嗽喘促，名为燥痰。日久成为老痰、郁痰。又因七情郁滞于咽喉膈部，多表现为胸胁痞满，咯之不出，咽之不下，形状像破絮，或像梅核，名为气痰。
痰迷于心，多表现为怔忡、颠狂，梦寐中出现奇怪景象，脉象洪大，名为热痰。痰动于肝，多表现为眩晕、头风，眼目跳动昏涩，耳叶瘙痒，胁肋胀痛，左瘫右痪，麻木蜷曲跛行等奇症，名为风痰。痰聚于肾，多表现为足膝酸软，腰背强痛，肢节冷痹骨痛，名为寒痰。
又有劳损之症，或胸腹间如有两股气交纽，噎塞烦闷，或背中常有一点如冰冷般疼痛，或心下冰冷时而疼痛，或四肢肿硬似痛非痛，或骨节刺痛无常处，或吐出冷涎、绿水、黑汁，或大小便中有脓，或关格不通，以致痨瘵迁延不愈。妇人经闭，小儿惊搐，都必须先去败痰，然后进行调理。
例如斗殴导致胸骨扑伤，刺痛不止，使用散血药剂无效，随后自己饮用某药，须臾之间吐出痰液，其痛立即停止。
百病兼有痰邪，治疗此法的原则是：因为痰生于脾胃，宜健脾实土、燥湿；又因痰随气上升，宜以顺气为先，分导次之。又因气升属于火，顺气在于降火。热痰则清之，湿痰则燥之，风痰则散之，郁痰则开之，顽痰则软之，食痰则消之。在上部的用吐法，在中部的用下法。中气虚者宜固护中气，以运化痰浊。如果攻伐太急，则胃气虚弱而痰邪更盛。凡是痰喘声嘶、脉象散乱、汗出如油、身冷如冰的，必定死亡。
(Attached: Phlegm-Fluid)
Phlegm (Tan, 痰) is originally transformed from the body fluids (Jinye, 津液) of the Spleen and Stomach. It circulates throughout the body and functions like the pathways for Qi and Blood. However, it is not entirely without harm; when damaged by internal or external factors, the body fluids become stagnant and rebellious, turning thick and turbid.
Sometimes, following the ascending and descending movement of Qi, it spreads all over the upper and lower parts of the body, reaching nowhere that is not accessible. The diseases it causes are numerous and varied. Initially, it presents with headache and fever, resembling exterior syndromes of external contraction; after a long time, it manifests as coughing, lighter in the morning and heavier at night; internal injury to Yin fire with phlegm-fluid flowing into the limbs and joints, pain caused by phlegm resembles wind syndromes, but the characteristics of phlegm syndromes include chest fullness and reduced appetite, with muscle color and complexion remaining normal, and the pulse being slippery and irregular, which distinguishes it. Additionally, eyelids and the area under the eyes appearing blackened like charcoal or smoke-stained indicate phlegm.
One must distinguish between new and old conditions: In new and mild cases, the phlegm is greenish-white, thin, and watery, with a faint odor; in old and severe cases, the phlegm is yellow, turbid, thick, sticky, and coagulated, difficult to expectorate, gradually developing a foul smell, tasting sour, spicy, fishy, musky, salty, or bitter, and even containing blood.
When phlegm originates from the Spleen, it often presents with fatigue in the four limbs, or abdominal pain, swelling, and diarrhea, with a slow pulse; this is common in obese individuals and is called Damp-Phlegm (Shi Tan, 湿痰). If complicated by food stagnation and blood stasis, it forms cavities and masses, also known as Food-Phlegm (Shi Tan, 食痰). When retained in the epigastrium, it often causes vomiting, acid regurgitation, and stomach discomfort, rising to the head and face causing a sensation of heat, known as Fire-Phlegm (Huo Tan, 火痰). If dry retching occurs due to alcohol consumption, it often leads to arm and hypochondriac pain, also known as Wine-Phlegm (Jiu Tan, 酒痰).
When phlegm ascends to the Lung, it often presents with brittle hair, pale complexion like dead bone, dry throat and mouth, coughing, and panting, known as Dry-Phlegm (Zao Tan, 燥痰). After a long time, it becomes Old-Phlegm (Lao Tan, 老痰) or Depressed-Phlegm (Yu Tan, 郁痰). Furthermore, if Seven Emotions cause stagnation in the throat and diaphragm, it often presents with chest and hypochondriac fullness, inability to expectorate or swallow, resembling broken cotton wadding or a plum pit, known as Qi-Phlegm (Qi Tan, 气痰).
When phlegm confuses the Heart, it often presents with palpitations and mania, strange dreams, and a surging pulse, known as Heat-Phlegm (Re Tan, 热痰). When phlegm moves in the Liver, it often presents with vertigo, wind-headache, twitching and blurred vision, itching of the ears, distending pain in the hypochondrium, left hemiplegia and right paralysis, numbness, curling, and limping, and other strange symptoms, known as Wind-Phlegm (Feng Tan, 风痰). When phlegm gathers in the Kidney, it often presents with soreness and weakness of the feet and knees, stiffness and pain in the back, cold bi-syndrome and bone pain in the limbs and joints, known as Cold-Phlegm (Han Tan, 寒痰).
There are also consumptive syndromes, where one may feel as if two energies are twisting in the chest and abdomen, causing choking, stifling, and restlessness, or a spot on the back feeling cold and painful, or cold pain in the epigastrium occurring intermittently, or swelling and hardness of the four limbs that feels painful yet not quite painful, or stabbing pain in the bone joints without a fixed location, or vomiting of cold saliva, green water, or black juice, or pus in urine and stool, or obstruction of Guan-Ge (Guan Ge, 关格), leading to chronic consumption (Lao Zhai, 劳瘵). Amenorrhea in women and convulsions in children all require the removal of defeated phlegm first, followed by regulation.
For example, if bruising from a fight causes unceasing stabbing pain in the sternum, and blood-dispersing agents fail, drinking a certain remedy oneself will cause expectoration of phlegm within moments, and the pain will stop immediately.
In hundred diseases complicated by phlegm, the treatment principle is: since phlegm originates from the Spleen and Stomach, it is appropriate to strengthen the Spleen and dry dampness; since phlegm rises with Qi, regulating Qi should come first, followed by guiding and draining. Since Qi rising belongs to Fire, regulating Qi lies in clearing Fire. Heat-phlegm is cleared, damp-phlegm is dried, wind-phlegm is dispersed, depressed-phlegm is opened, stubborn-phlegm is softened, food-phlegm is digested. Those in the upper part are treated with emesis, those in the middle part with purgation. For deficiency of Middle Qi, it is appropriate to consolidate Middle Qi to transport phlegm. If attack is too urgent, Stomach Qi becomes deficient, and phlegm becomes more abundant. Any case of phlegm-wheezing with hoarse voice and scattered pulse, sweating like oil, and body cold as ice indicates inevitable death.