桂枝辛热 发散风寒，肥实腠理。
越婢汤发越脾气；
葛根汤用为解肌；
大青龙散寒；
小青龙发表；
甘草汤行阳；
附子汤升阴；
救逆汤解未尽表邪；
牡蛎汤散经中火逆；
桃核承气散血；
炙甘草汤复脉；
半夏散散客寒咽痛；
四逆汤救阳气外虚。
凡三十七方同用。
麻黄苦温 泄卫气发表，通腠理，疏伤寒头疼，消赤黑斑毒，治温疟瘴疫，开毛孔皮肤。
大青龙主营卫俱病；
小青龙救寒邪在表；
附子汤解少阴之寒；
石膏汤治汗出而喘；
升麻汤发甚热；
甘草汤救表寒。
凡十三方同者。
葛根甘平 主伤寒中风头痛，开腠理发汗解肌，治太阳项强，疗合病自利。
半夏汤但呕而不下利；
黄连汤表未解而喘急。
凡四方同用。
升麻味甘苦平 主瘟疫时行热疾，止头痛寒热瘴疟。葱白为引散太阳风寒，
石膏为使止阳明齿痛，升阳气于至阴之下，发浮热表实可已。
生姜辛温 主伤寒头痛鼻塞，治咳逆痰水，温中安和胃气，游行诸经，仲景
诸汤以发散风寒而通神明。
凡二十三方同用。
葱白辛温 通上下阳气，散风寒表邪，入太阴阳明，引众药发散。少阴证，
面色赤者，宜加白通汤。肾苦燥者可润。
瓜蒂苦寒有毒 吐心胸填塞，咽喉不得息，湿家头中风寒湿，内药鼻中即愈。
赤小豆甘酸 通气利小便，下水，止消渴。
瓜蒂散涌吐逆气、虚烦；
赤小豆汤，治黄从小便中出。
栀子苦寒有毒 主少阴虚满，时疾发黄，轻瓢象肺，入太阴经。色赤，象
火，彻心中热。
栀子豉汤吐心中懊 ；
浓朴汤吐心烦腹满。
凡用栀子汤旧微溏者，不可服。
凡六方同用。
香豉苦甘 通关节，出汗，吐胸中塞窒。治下后心热。与薤白同煎，治伤寒
下利劳复发热。同苦以发之。
桂枝，味辛性热，能发散风寒，使肥壮之人的腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）致密。
越婢汤，能发越脾气；
葛根汤，用于解除肌表之邪；
大青龙汤，用于散寒；
小青龙汤，用于发表；
甘草汤，能通行阳气；
附子汤，能升举阴气；
救逆汤，能解除未尽的表邪；
牡蛎汤，能消散经络中的火逆之证；
桃核承气汤，能消散瘀血；
炙甘草汤，能恢复脉象；
半夏散，能消散客居于咽喉的风寒所致疼痛；
四逆汤，能挽救外虚的阳气。
以上三十七个方剂共同具有上述功效。
麻黄，味苦性温，能泄卫气以发表，疏通腠理，疏解伤寒引起的头痛，消除赤黑斑毒，治疗温疟和瘴疫，开启毛孔皮肤。
大青龙汤，主治营气和卫气同时患病；
小青龙汤，救治寒邪在表的病证；
附子汤，解除少阴经的寒邪；
石膏汤，治疗出汗且气喘的病证；
升麻汤，发散极度的热邪；
甘草汤，救治表寒。
以上十三个方剂共同具有上述功效。
葛根，味甘性平，主要治疗伤寒和中风引起的头痛，开启腠理发汗并解除肌表之邪，治疗太阳经项部强直，疗治愈合病引起的自发性腹泻。
半夏汤，仅用于治疗呕吐而不伴有腹泻；
黄连汤，用于治疗表证未解且伴有急促气喘的情况。
以上四个方剂共同具有上述功效。
升麻，味甘、苦，性平，主要治疗瘟疫及时行热病，止头痛、寒热往来及瘴疟。用葱白作为引经药以发散太阳经的风寒，
用石膏为使药以止阳明经的齿痛，将阳气从至阴之下提升上来，发散浮热，表实证可愈。
生姜，味辛性温，主要治疗伤寒引起的头痛鼻塞，治疗咳嗽气逆及痰饮，温中安和胃气，游行于各条经脉，张仲景
的各种汤剂用它来发散风寒从而通利神明。
以上二十三个方剂共同具有上述功效。
葱白，味辛性温，能贯通上下的阳气，散除体表的风寒邪气，进入太阴经和阳明经，引导众药发散。对于少阴证，
面色发红的，适宜加入白通汤。肾恶燥者可用其润燥。
瓜蒂，味苦性寒，有毒，能涌吐心胸部的填塞感，缓解咽喉呼吸不畅，治疗湿家感受中风寒湿，将药物纳入鼻中即可痊愈。
赤小豆，味甘酸，能通气利小便，排水，止消渴。
瓜蒂散，能涌吐逆气、虚烦；
赤小豆汤，治疗黄疸从小便排出。
栀子，味苦性寒，有毒，主要治疗少阴经的虚满，时行疾病引起的发黄，轻瓢状如肺，入太阴经。色赤，象火，能彻除心中的热邪。
栀子豉汤，能涌吐心中懊憹之感；
浓朴汤，能涌吐心烦腹满。
凡是使用栀子汤的患者，如果平时大便微溏，则不可服用。
以上六个方剂共同具有上述功效。
香豉，味苦甘，能通利关节，发汗，涌吐胸中的塞窒感。治疗后下导致的心热。与薤白同煎，治疗伤寒下利后劳复发热。用苦味药来发散它。
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), pungent and hot, disperses wind-cold and consolidates the *Couli* (pores and interstices) in robust individuals.
Yebibo Decoction (Yuebi Tang) promotes the dissemination of Spleen Qi;
Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) is used to release the muscle layer;
Da Qing Long Tang (Major Blue Dragon Decoction) dispels cold;
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) releases the exterior;
Gan Cao Tang (Licorice Decoction) circulates Yang Qi;
Fu Zi Tang (Aconite Decoction) raises Yin Qi;
Jiu Ni Tang (Rescue from Deviation Decoction) resolves residual exterior pathogens;
Mu Li Tang (Oyster Shell Decoction) dissipates fire deviation within the meridians;
Tao He Cheng Qi Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction to Descend the Qi) dissipates blood stasis;
Zhi Gan Cao Tang (Honey-fried Licorice Decoction) restores the pulse;
Ban Xia San (Pinellia Powder) dissipates pathogenic cold causing throat pain;
Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) rescues deficient Yang Qi on the exterior.
The above thirty-seven formulas share these functions.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), bitter and warm, drains Wei Qi to release the exterior, unblocks the Couli, relieves headache due to Cold Damage, eliminates red-black toxic spots, treats Warm Malaria and miasma epidemics, and opens the pores and skin.
Da Qing Long Tang (Major Blue Dragon Decoction) manages simultaneous disorders of Ying and Wei;
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) saves cases where cold pathogens are at the exterior;
Fu Zi Tang (Aconite Decoction) resolves cold in the Shaoyin channel;
Shi Gao Tang (Gypsum Decoction) treats sweating with wheezing;
Sheng Ma Tang (Cimicifugae Decoction) disperses intense heat;
Gan Cao Tang (Licorice Decoction) rescues exterior cold.
The above thirteen formulas share these functions.
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), sweet and neutral, primarily treats headache due to Cold Damage or Wind Strike, opens the Couli to induce sweating and release the muscle layer, treats stiffness of the neck in Taiyang syndrome, and cures spontaneous diarrhea in concurrent diseases.
Ban Xia Tang (Pinellia Decoction) is used only for vomiting without diarrhea;
Huang Lian Tang (Coptis Decoction) treats urgent wheezing when the exterior pattern is unresolved.
The above four formulas share these functions.
Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), sweet and bitter, neutral, primarily treats plague and seasonal febrile diseases, stops headache, chills and fever, and malaria. Scallion White (Cong Bai) serves as a guiding drug to disperse wind-cold in the Taiyang channel,
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) serves as an envoy drug to stop toothache in the Yangming channel, raising Yang Qi from below the extreme Yin, dispersing floating heat so that exterior excess patterns may resolve.
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang), pungent and warm, primarily treats headache and nasal congestion due to Cold Damage, treats cough, counterflow qi, and phlegm-fluids, warms the middle and harmonizes Stomach Qi, travels through all meridians. Zhang Zhongjing
uses it in various decoctions to disperse wind-cold and clarify the spirit.
The above twenty-three formulas share these functions.
Allii Tuberosi Bulbus (Congbai), pungent and warm, unblocks Yang Qi above and below, disperses wind-cold exterior pathogens, enters the Taiyin and Yangming channels, and guides other drugs to disperse. In Shaoyin syndrome,
where the face is red, Bai Tong Tang (White Connective Decoction) should be added. The Kidney dislikes dryness, which can be moistened.
Momordicae Semen (Gua Di), bitter and cold, toxic, induces vomiting for chest and epigastric fullness, relieves respiratory distress in the throat, treats dampness patients suffering from wind-cold-damp, and curing by insufflating medicine into the nose.
Vigna Angularis Semen (Chi Xiao Dou), sweet and sour, promotes circulation and diuresis, drains water, and stops thirst.
Gua Di San (Momordica Powder) induces vomiting for counterflow qi and deficiency vexation;
Chi Xiao Dou Tang (Red Bean Decoction) treats jaundice draining via urination.
Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi), bitter and cold, toxic, primarily treats deficiency-fullness in Shaoyin, jaundice from epidemic diseases, resembles the lung in shape, enters the Taiyin channel. Red in color, resembling fire, it clears heat from the heart.
Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) induces vomiting for mental restlessness;
Hou Po Tang (Magnolia Bark Decoction) induces vomiting for vexation and abdominal fullness.
For those using Zhizi Tang who have loose stools, it must not be administered.
The above six formulas share these functions.
Sojae Preparata (Xiang Chi), bitter and sweet, unblocks joints, induces sweating, and induces vomiting for chest oppression. Treats heart heat after purgative therapy. Decocted with Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie Bai), it treats recurrence of fever due to overexertion following diarrhea from Cold Damage. It uses bitter flavors to disperse it.