禀五行之气而为万物之最灵者，人也。人禀五行之气而生，曰阴与阳，谁独无是哉？心
为手少阴，肾为足少阴，肺为手太阴，脾为足太阴，肝为足厥阴，心包络为手厥阴，此手三
阴。足三阴之经也。小肠曰手太阳，膀胱曰足太阳，大肠曰手阳明，胃曰足阳明，胆曰足少
阳，三焦曰手少阳，此手三阳、足三阳之经也。阴六、阳六合而为人身之十二经。是经者，
所以周环一身，自上至下，往来流通，而无间断也。其脉则于两手三部应焉。故自其身者言
之，腑为阳，脏为阴；外为阳，内为阴；上为阳，下为阴；头戴阳，足履阴；背负阳，腹抱
阴；气属阳，而阳为卫；血属阴，而阴为营。阳根于阴，阴根于阳，阴阳互根，营卫不息。
阳动所以为阴之役使，阴静所以为阳之镇守。呼出心与肺，吸入肝与肾。呼者因阳出，吸者
随阴入。呼吸之间，脾受谷味。是则一身之阴阳也，自其脉者推之，关前为阳，阳得九分，
关后为阴，阴得一寸，所以有主治之分。浮之实大，沉之损小，曰阳盛阴虚；沉之实大，浮
之损小，曰阴盛阳虚，所以有表里之别。脉居阳部而阴脉形，脉居阴部而阳脉见，阳虚则阴
出而乘之，阴虚则阳入而乘之，及所以见寒暑则变之机，至若阳生于尺，动于寸，阴生于寸，
动于尺。牢、长、促、数之为阳；虚、短、结、代、动、细之为阴。浮、芤、滑、实
、弦、紧、洪之为表；微、沉、缓、涩、迟、伏、濡、弱之为里。阴病见阳脉者生，阳病见
阴脉者死。是则六脉之阴阳也，自其病者求之，寸口浮疾，阳中之阳，病主身热头痛，烦满
内热。寸口沉细，阳中之阴，病主少气汗出，悲伤不乐。尺脉浮滑，阴中之阳，病主小腹痛
满，大小便难。尺脉沉细，阴中之阴，病主两股酸疼，阴痒遗沥。阴出于阳，其病怒；阳入
于阴，其病静。腑病欲得寒，掀衣气粗，又欲见人者为阳。脏病欲得温，恶闻人声，闭户独
处者为阴。腑病属阳，阳主动，故其痛多走注而不止。脏病属阴，阴主静，故其痛有常处而
不移。阳病旦静，阴病夜宁。阳虚暮乱，阴虚夜争。阴胜则寒，阳胜则热。阴动则发热，阳
动则有汗。贼风客邪阳受之，饮食居室阴受之。阳受风气，伤风者先于上；阴受湿气，伤湿
者先于下。其或邪居阳脉之间，则四肢热盛而为狂；邪入阴脉之内，则六经凝涩而为痹。无
阳即厥，无阴即呕。阳微不能呼，阴微不能吸。阳病不能俯，阴病不能仰。重阳者狂，重阴
者癫。脱阳者见鬼，脱阴者目盲。是则诸病之阴阳也，噫！是固然矣。抑古人所谓阴阳维跷，
溢关格者又何如哉？曰∶脉有阳维、阴维、阳跷、阴跷、冲、督、任、带，凡此奇经八脉别
道而行，如设沟渠以备水潦之溢。病非自生，盖诸经溢出而流入之也。维者，总持诸脉之纲
维。（阴阳不相维则怅然失志。）跷者，健足行走之关要。督，言其都，阳脉之会也。任，取
其妊生养之原也。冲者，阴脉之通，自足至头通受诸经之气血。带者，回绕于身，总束诸脉
，取束带之义焉。故阳维之病苦寒热，阴维之病苦心痛；阳跷之病阳急而狂奔，阴跷之病阴
急而足直。冲病则气逆而里急，督病则脊强而折厥，任病则男疝气而女带瘕，带病则腹胀满
而腰溶溶。其冲任二经是又妇人乳血月候之所以出。奇经之脉其如是乎？关前为阳，脉当九
分而浮，若连并而上至鱼际者为溢，溢则外关内格，是为阴乘。关后为阴，脉当一寸而沉，
若连并而下入尺泽者为覆，覆则内关外格，是为阳乘。寸脉皆虚为阳亏，尺脉皆虚为阴亏。
寸脉下不至关为阳绝，尺脉上不至关为阴绝。亏犹庶几绝，与关格其危脉也。覆、溢、亏、
绝，其如是乎？虽然，人事不可不知也。暴喜伤阳，暴怒伤阴，犹愁不意，气多厥逆，七情
所发，病家谨焉。甘辛之剂以之助阳，酸苦之剂以之助阴，有志活人者又当识此。
禀受五行之气而成为万物中最灵性的，就是人。人禀受五行之气而生，难道谁没有阴和阳吗？心属于手少阴经，肾属于足少阴经，肺属于手太阴经，脾属于足太阴经，肝属于足厥阴经，心包络属于手厥阴经，这叫做手三阴经。小肠叫做手太阳经，膀胱叫做足太阳经，大肠叫做手阳明经，胃叫做足阳明经，胆叫做足少阳经，三焦叫做手少阳经，这叫做手三阳、足三阳经。阴经六条、阳经六条，合起来构成人身体的十二条正经。这些经脉，是用来环绕全身，从上到下，往来流通，而没有间断的。脉象则在双手的三部（寸、关、尺）上反映出来。所以从身体本身来说，腑属阳，脏属阴；外部属阳，内部属阴；上部属阳，下部属阴；头部戴阳，足部履阴；背部背阳，腹部抱阴；气属于阳，而阳作为卫气；血属于阴，而阴作为营气。阳根源于阴，阴根源于阳，阴阳互相依存，营气和卫气运行不息。阳主动，所以作为阴的役使；阴主静，所以作为阳的镇守。呼出气息由心和肺主导，吸入气息由肝和肾主导。呼气是因为阳气外出，吸气是随着阴气进入。在呼吸之间，脾接受水谷的精微气味。这就是全身的阴阳。从脉象来推究，关前为阳，阳脉得九分长；关后为阴，阴脉得一寸长，所以有主治部位的区别。轻取（浮取）感觉实大，重取（沉取）感觉损小，这叫阳盛阴虚；重取感觉实大，轻取感觉损小，这叫阴盛阳虚，所以有表证和里证的区别。脉象位于阳部却出现阴脉的形状，脉象位于阴部却出现阳脉的形状，阳虚则阴气外出乘袭，阴虚则阳气内入乘袭，以及见到寒暑变化时的机理，至于像阳生于尺部，动于寸部，阴生于寸部，动于尺部。牢脉、长脉、促脉、数脉属于阳；虚脉、短脉、结脉、代脉、动脉、细脉属于阴。浮脉、芤脉、滑脉、实脉、弦脉、紧脉、洪脉属于表证；微脉、沉脉、缓脉、涩脉、迟脉、伏脉、濡脉、弱脉属于里证。阴病出现阳脉的预后良好，阳病出现阴脉的预后不良。这就是六脉的阴阳。从病症来推究，寸口脉浮疾，这是阳中之阳，病症主要表现为身体发热、头痛、烦闷、体内热盛。寸口脉沉细，这是阳中之阴，病症主要表现为气短、出汗、悲伤不乐。尺脉浮滑，这是阴中之阳，病症主要表现为小腹痛满、大小便困难。尺脉沉细，这是阴中之阴，病症主要表现为两腿酸痛、阴部瘙痒、遗尿滴沥。阴出于阳，其病症表现为易怒；阳入于阴，其病症表现为安静。腑病喜欢寒冷，掀开衣服、气粗，又希望见人的属于阳证。脏病喜欢温暖，厌恶听到人声，关门独自待着的属于阴证。腑病属阳，阳主动，所以疼痛多是游走不定且不止息。脏病属阴，阴主静，所以疼痛有固定位置而不移动。阳病早晨安静，阴病夜晚安宁。阳虚傍晚混乱，阴虚夜间争斗。阴胜则寒，阳胜则热。阴动则发热，阳动则有汗。贼风客邪阳经受之，饮食居室之邪阴经受之。阳受风气，伤风者先从上受；阴受湿气，伤湿者先从下受。如果邪气居于阳脉之间，则四肢热盛而发狂；邪气进入阴脉之内，则六经凝涩而成痹证。无阳则四肢厥冷，无阴则呕吐。阳微不能呼气，阴微不能吸气。阳病不能俯身，阴病不能仰面。重阳者发狂，重阴者发癫。脱阳者看见鬼怪，脱阴者双目失明。这就是各种疾病的阴阳表现。唉！这些固然如此。但是古人所说的阴阳维脉、跷脉，以及溢脉、格脉的情况又是怎样的呢？回答说：脉有阳维脉、阴维脉、阳跷脉、阴跷脉、冲脉、督脉、任脉、带脉，这八条奇经别道而行，就像设置沟渠以防备洪水泛滥一样。疾病不是自生的，大概是各经溢出而流入这里的。维，总持诸脉的纲纪。（阴阳不相维系则怅然若失志向。）跷，是健足行走的关键。督，言其为都，是阳脉的会合处。任，取其妊养生育的原由。冲，是阴脉的通途，从足至头通受各经的气血。带，回绕于身体，总束诸脉，取束带的意思。所以阳维脉的病苦于寒热，阴维脉的病苦于心痛；阳跷脉的病阳气急迫而狂奔，阴跷脉的病阴气急迫而足直。冲脉病则气逆而里急，督脉病则脊强而折厥，任脉病则男子疝气而女子带下瘕块，带脉病则腹胀满而腰溶溶无力。冲任二经又是妇女乳汁、血液、月经的来源。奇经的脉象是这样吗？关前为阳，脉应当九分而浮，如果连并而上至鱼际的为溢脉，溢则外关内格，这是阴乘阳。关后为阴，脉应当一寸而沉，如果连并而下入尺泽的为覆脉，覆则内关外格，这是阳乘阴。寸脉皆虚为阳亏，尺脉皆虚为阴亏。寸脉下不到关为阳绝，尺脉上不到关为阴绝。亏还稍微有点希望，绝则是与关格一样的危重脉象。覆、溢、亏、绝，脉象就是这样吗？虽然如此，人事也是不可不知的。暴喜伤阳，暴怒伤阴，忧愁意外之事，气多厥逆，七情所引发的疾病，病人应当谨慎。甘辛味的药剂用来助阳，酸苦味的药剂用来助阴，有志于救人的人又应当认识这一点。
Endowed with the Qi of the Five Phases and becoming the most spiritual among all things, is humanity. Humans are born endowed with the Qi of the Five Phases; who does not possess Yin and Yang? The Heart belongs to the Hand Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channel, the Kidney to the Foot Shaoyin channel, the Lung to the Hand Taiyin (Greater Yin) channel, the Spleen to the Foot Taiyin channel, the Liver to the Foot Jueyin (Terminal Yin) channel, and the Pericardium to the Hand Jueyin channel; these are referred to as the Three Hand Yin channels. The Small Intestine is called the Hand Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel, the Bladder the Foot Taiyang channel, the Large Intestine the Hand Yangming (Bright Yang) channel, the Stomach the Foot Yangming channel, the Gallbladder the Foot Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel, and the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) the Hand Shaoyang channel; these are the Three Hand Yang and Three Foot Yang channels. There are six Yin channels and six Yang channels, combining to form the twelve regular channels of the human body. These channels circulate throughout the entire body, from top to bottom, flowing back and forth without interruption. Their pulse manifestations are reflected in the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) of both wrists. Therefore, regarding the body itself: Fu organs are Yang, Zang organs are Yin; exterior is Yang, interior is Yin; upper part is Yang, lower part is Yin; the head wears Yang, the feet tread Yin; the back bears Yang, the abdomen embraces Yin; Qi belongs to Yang, and Yang serves as Wei Qi (Defensive Qi); Blood belongs to Ying (Nutritive) Yin, and Yin serves as Ying Qi. Yang is rooted in Yin, and Yin is rooted in Yang; Yin and Yang mutually root each other, and Ying and Wei Qi flow incessantly. Yang moves, thus acting as the servant of Yin; Yin is still, thus acting as the guardian of Yang. Exhalation is governed by the Heart and Lung; inhalation is governed by the Liver and Kidney. Exhalation occurs due to the outward movement of Yang; inhalation follows the inward movement of Yin. Between breaths, the Spleen receives the essence and flavor of food and drink. This constitutes the Yin and Yang of the whole body. Inferring from the pulse: the area before the Guan position is Yang, where the Yang pulse extends nine fen; the area after the Guan position is Yin, where the Yin pulse extends one cun; hence, there is a distinction in governing areas. A pulse that feels solid and large on superficial palpation (Fu) but deficient and small on deep palpation (Chen) indicates Excess of Yang and Deficiency of Yin; conversely, a pulse that feels solid and large on deep palpation but deficient and small on superficial palpation indicates Excess of Yin and Deficiency of Yang, thereby distinguishing between Exterior and Interior patterns. If a pulse located in the Yang position exhibits the shape of a Yin pulse, or if a pulse in the Yin position exhibits the shape of a Yang pulse, it signifies that when Yang is deficient, Yin invades from outside, and when Yin is deficient, Yang invades from inside. This also explains the mechanism of change upon exposure to cold or heat. Furthermore, Yang originates at the Chi position and manifests at the Cun position, while Yin originates at the Cun position and manifests at the Chi position. Lao (Firm), Chang (Long), Cu (Rapid-intermittent), and Shu (Rapid) pulses belong to Yang; Xu (Deficient), Duan (Short), Jie (Knotted), Dai (Intermittent), Dong (Moving), and Xi (Fine) pulses belong to Yin. Fu (Floating), Kou (Hollow), Hua (Slippery), Shi (Solid), Xian (Wiry), Jin (Tight), and Hong (Surging) pulses indicate Exterior patterns; Wei (Minute), Chen (Deep), Huan (Slow), Se (Choppy), Chi (Delayed), Fu (Hidden), Ru (Soggy), and Ruo (Weak) pulses indicate Interior patterns. Yin diseases presenting with Yang pulses suggest survival; Yang diseases presenting with Yin pulses suggest death. This describes the Yin and Yang of the six pulses. Inferring from symptoms: A Cun position pulse that is Floating and Rapid indicates Yang within Yang; the disease primarily presents with fever, headache, irritability, fullness, and internal heat. A Cun position pulse that is Deep and Fine indicates Yin within Yang; the disease primarily presents with shortness of breath, sweating, sadness, and unhappiness. A Chi position pulse that is Floating and Slippery indicates Yang within Yin; the disease primarily presents with lower abdominal pain and fullness, and difficulty in urination and defecation. A Chi position pulse that is Deep and Fine indicates Yin within Yin; the disease primarily presents with soreness and pain in the thighs, genital itching, and dribbling urine. When Yin emerges from Yang, the disease manifests as anger; when Yang enters into Yin, the disease manifests as quietness. Fu organ diseases desire cold, involve pulling off clothes, coarse breathing, and a desire to see people, characterizing them as Yang. Zang organ diseases desire warmth, involve aversion to hearing voices, closing doors, and staying alone, characterizing them as Yin. Fu organ diseases belong to Yang, and since Yang is active, their pain is often migratory and unceasing. Zang organ diseases belong to Yin, and since Yin is static, their pain has a fixed location and does not move. Yang diseases are calm in the morning; Yin diseases are comfortable at night. Yang deficiency leads to confusion in the evening; Yin deficiency leads to conflict/agitation at night. Yin excess results in cold; Yang excess results in heat. Yin agitation causes fever; Yang agitation causes sweating. Pathogenic wind and external pathogens are received by Yang; dietary and environmental pathogens are received by Yin. Yang receives Wind Qi; Wind injury first affects the upper part. Yin receives Dampness Qi; Dampness injury first affects the lower part. If pathogenic factors reside between Yang channels, excessive heat in the four limbs leads to mania. If pathogenic factors enter Yin channels, stagnation and涩 (roughness) in the Six Channels lead to Bi syndrome (obstruction). Absence of Yang leads to Jue (cold extremities); absence of Yin leads to vomiting. Extreme Yang deficiency prevents exhalation; extreme Yin deficiency prevents inhalation. Yang diseases prevent bending forward; Yin diseases prevent lying supine. Double Yang leads to mania; Double Yin leads to melancholia/dementia. Loss of Yang leads to hallucinations of ghosts; loss of Yin leads to blindness. This describes the Yin and Yang of various diseases. Alas! These are indeed so. However, what of the ancient references to Yin and Yang Wei (Linking) and Qiao (Heel) vessels, as well as Yi (Overflow) and Ge (Gridlock) pulses? It is said: There are pulses such as Yang Wei, Yin Wei, Yang Qiao, Yin Qiao, Chong (Penetrating), Du (Governor), Ren (Conception), and Dai (Girdle) vessels. These eight Extraordinary Vessels follow separate pathways, like ditches set up to prepare for overflowing floodwaters. Diseases do not arise spontaneously; rather, they overflow from the regular channels and flow into these vessels. 'Wei' means holding together the framework of all vessels. (When Yin and Yang do not support each other, one feels lost and dispirited.) 'Qiao' refers to the key point for vigorous walking. 'Du' implies capital or assembly, being the meeting place of all Yang vessels. 'Ren' takes its meaning from pregnancy and nurturing life. 'Chong' is the thoroughfare of Yin vessels, connecting from foot to head and receiving Qi and Blood from all channels. 'Dai' winds around the body, binding all vessels, taking the meaning of a sash. Therefore, diseases of the Yang Wei vessel suffer from alternating chills and fever; diseases of the Yin Wei vessel suffer from heart pain. Diseases of the Yang Qiao vessel feature Yang tension and wild running; diseases of the Yin Qiao vessel feature Yin tension and straight legs. Chong vessel disease involves rebellious Qi and interior urgency; Du vessel disease involves stiff spine and collapse/fainting. Ren vessel disease involves hernia in men and leukorrhea/masses in women; Dai vessel disease involves abdominal distension and weakness in the waist. The Chong and Ren vessels are the source of milk, blood, and menstruation in women. Is this how the Extraordinary Vessels function? Before the Guan position is Yang; the pulse should be nine fen long and floating. If it connects and rises to the Yuji area, it is called an Overflow (Yi) pulse. Overflow indicates External Gridlock and Internal Blockade, representing Yin invading Yang. After the Guan position is Yin; the pulse should be one cun long and deep. If it connects and descends into the尺泽 (Chize) area, it is called a Cover (Fu) pulse. Cover indicates Internal Gridlock and External Blockade, representing Yang invading Yin. Empty pulses at both Cun positions indicate Yang deficiency; empty pulses at both Chi positions indicate Yin deficiency. A Cun pulse that does not reach down to the Guan indicates Yang extinction; a Chi pulse that does not reach up to the Guan indicates Yin extinction. 'Deficiency' still holds some hope, whereas 'Extinction' is a critical pulse similar to Gridlock/Blockade. Are these the characteristics of Cover, Overflow, Deficiency, and Extinction? Although so, human affairs must not be ignored. Sudden joy injures Yang; sudden anger injures Yin. Worry and unexpected events cause Qi to rebel and reverse. Diseases arising from the Seven Emotions require patients to exercise caution. Sweet and Acrid agents assist Yang; Sour and Bitter agents assist Yin. Those dedicated to saving lives must understand this.