非时感冒。误作伤寒。（非时者四时不正之气伤寒者冬月杀厉之气）直中阴经。误作传经
热症。（稍辨伤寒者即无此误也）夹阴伤寒。夹阴中寒。误作正伤寒（夹阴者因房劳肾虚必有足冷
脉沉之异）内伤于寒。误作外伤寒。（内伤生冷法当湿中外感寒邪理宜发表）如狂之症。误作发
狂。（蓄血症每见如狂而发狂者热邪深重也）血症发狂。误作湿热发黄。（腹满小便利此蓄血
发黄也色如烟熏一身尽痛小便不利此温热发黄）蚊迹。误作发 。（发 多见于胸腹蚊迹只
见于手足脉洪大烦躁昏愦先红后赤者 也脉不大安静清爽先红后黄者蚊迹也蚊迹因肾虚误服
凉药逼其无根之火熏肺而然）动少阴血。误作鼻衄。（少阴病但厥无汗而强发之血从口鼻出名
下厥上竭者死鼻衄不过火邪熏肺耳）谵语。误作狂言。（谵语者数数更端狂言者叫号怒骂）独
语。误作郑声。（独语者无人则言郑声者频频谆复）女劳复。误作阴阳易。（女劳复者愈后交
合也阴阳易者女病易于男男病易于女也）痞满。误作结胸。（不痛为满痛为结胸）哕逆。误作
干呕。（哕者呃也干呕者有声无物也）并病。误作合病。（合病者二三经齐病也并病者一经未
尽又过一经之传）正阳明腑病。误作阳明经病。（府病在里宜下经病在表宜汗）阴躁。误作
阳狂。（阴躁脉沉足冷冻饮料水不下咽也阳狂脉实大渴饮水）
非时感冒（在季节之外感受外邪），误当作伤寒（冬季感受寒邪所致的疾病）。（所谓“非时”，是指四时不正之气；所谓“伤寒”，是指冬季凛冽的杀厉之气。）
直中阴经（寒邪直接侵入三阴经），误当作传经（由一经传入另一经）。
热症（表现为热象的病证），（稍有辨别伤寒知识的人就不会犯这种错误。）
夹阴伤寒（素体肾虚又感寒邪）、夹阴中寒（素体肾虚又受寒邪直中），误当作正伤寒（普通的外感寒邪）。（所谓“夹阴”，是因为房劳过度导致肾虚，必然有足部发冷、脉象沉伏等异常表现。）
内伤于寒（因饮食生冷损伤脾胃阳气），误当作外伤寒（外感寒邪）。（内伤生冷之法，应当祛除湿邪；外感寒邪之理，适宜用发汗法解表。）
如狂之症（神志恍惚，似狂非狂），误当作发狂（精神失常，狂躁妄动）。（蓄血症患者常出现如狂的症状，而发狂则是热邪深重所致。）
血症发狂（瘀血阻滞导致的发狂），误当作湿热发黄（湿热蕴结导致的黄疸）。（腹部胀满、小便通利，这是蓄血发黄的特征，其面色如烟熏样，全身疼痛，小便不利；这是温热病导致的发黄。）
蚊迹（皮肤上出现的红色斑点，形似蚊虫叮咬痕迹），误当作发斑（温病过程中出现的皮肤斑疹）。（发斑多见于胸腹部，蚊迹只见于手足。脉象洪大、烦躁、昏愦，先红后赤的，是发斑；脉象不大、安静清爽、先红后黄的，是蚊迹。蚊迹是因为肾虚，误服凉药，逼迫无根之火熏蒸肺部所致。）
动少阴血（扰动少阴经的血分），误当作鼻衄（鼻出血）。（少阴病但见四肢厥冷、无汗，如果强行发汗，血液从口鼻涌出，称为下厥上竭，预后不良，会导致死亡；鼻衄不过是火邪熏蒸肺部而已。）
谵语（神志不清，胡言乱语），误当作狂言（狂妄叫骂）。（谵语是说个不停，内容多变；狂言是大声呼叫、愤怒辱骂。）
独语（自言自语），误当作郑声（神志不清，语言重复，声音低微）。（独语是无人时就自言自语；郑声是频繁地谆谆重复同一句话。）
女劳复（妇女病后因房事复发），误当作阴阳易（男女之间因病邪转移而相互传染）。（女劳复是指病愈后性交；阴阳易是指女病传给男，或男病传给女。）
痞满（心下痞塞胀满），误当作结胸（胸胁脘腹硬满疼痛）。（不痛的称为痞满，痛的称为结胸。）
哕逆（呃逆，打嗝），误当作干呕（欲吐而无物吐出）。（哕就是呃逆；干呕是有声音但没有东西吐出来。）
并病（一经病证未罢，又出现另一经病证），误当作合病（两经或三经同时发病）。（合病是指两三条经同时生病；并病是指一经病证未尽，又传变到另一经。）
正阳明腑病（阳明经腑实证），误当作阳明经病（阳明经表证）。（腑病在里，适宜用泻下法；经病在表，适宜用发汗法。）
阴躁（阴盛格阳导致的烦躁），误当作阳狂（阳热亢盛导致的狂躁）。（阴躁脉象沉伏，足部冰冷，想喝水却咽不下去；阳狂脉象实大，口渴想喝水。）
Non-seasonal common cold (exogenous pathogenic factors contracted outside the regular seasons), mistakenly treated as Shaoyang disease (diseases caused by contracting cold pathogens in winter). ("Non-seasonal" refers to the irregular qi of the four seasons; "Shaoyang" refers to the severe, killing qi of winter.)
Direct invasion of the Yin meridians (cold pathogens directly invading the Three Yin meridians), mistakenly treated as transmitted disease (transmission from one meridian to another).
Heat syndrome (disease manifestations characterized by heat signs), (those with even a basic understanding of Shaoyang disease would not make this error.)
Jia Yin Shaoyang (contracting cold pathogens while having underlying kidney deficiency) and Jia Yin Zhong Han (direct invasion of cold pathogens while having underlying kidney deficiency), mistakenly treated as Zheng Shaoyang (ordinary exogenous cold contraction). ("Jia Yin" implies kidney deficiency due to sexual exhaustion, inevitably presenting with cold feet and a deep pulse.)
Internal injury by cold (damage to spleen and stomach yang qi due to consumption of raw or cold food), mistakenly treated as external injury by cold (exogenous cold pathogen invasion). (For internal injury caused by raw/cold food, the method should be to resolve dampness; for external cold pathogen invasion, the principle is to release the exterior through sweating.)
Ru Kuang symptoms (mental confusion resembling mania but not full-blown madness), mistakenly treated as Fa Kuang (mania characterized by wild, irrational behavior). (Patients with Blood Stasis Syndrome often exhibit Ru Kuang symptoms, whereas Fa Kuang indicates severe heat pathogens.)
Xue Zheng Fa Kuang (mania caused by blood stasis obstruction), mistakenly treated as Shi Re Fa Huang (jaundice caused by damp-heat accumulation). (Abdominal fullness with free urination characterizes Jaundice due to Blood Stasis, where the complexion resembles smoke-stained skin, accompanied by whole-body pain and difficult urination; this describes Jaundice due to Warm-Heat pathogens.)
Wen Ji (red spots on the skin resembling mosquito bites), mistakenly treated as Fa Ban (skin macules appearing during warm diseases). (Fa Ban mostly appears on the chest and abdomen, whereas Wen Ji only appears on the hands and feet. A surging pulse, irritability, coma, turning red first then crimson indicates Fa Ban; a pulse that is not large, calm and clear demeanor, turning red first then yellow indicates Wen Ji. Wen Ji results from kidney deficiency, where mistaken use of cooling herbs forces rootless fire to scorch the lungs.)
Disturbance of Shao Yin Blood (disturbing the blood level of the Shao Yin meridian), mistakenly treated as Bi Nu (epistaxis/nosebleed). (In Shao Yin disease, if there are only cold limbs and no sweat, forcing sweating causes blood to gush from the mouth and nose, termed "Lower Cold and Upper Exhaustion," which is fatal; epistaxis is merely due to fire pathogens scorching the lungs.)
Chan Yu (delirious speech with unclear consciousness), mistakenly treated as Kuang Yan (wild, abusive shouting). (Chan Yu involves continuous talking with changing content; Kuang Yan involves loud calling out and angry cursing.)
Du Yu (talking to oneself), mistakenly treated as Zheng Sheng (repetitive, low-voiced muttering due to loss of consciousness). (Du Yu occurs when speaking alone without others present; Zheng Sheng involves frequent, earnest repetition of the same words.)
Nü Lao Fu (relapse of a woman's illness due to sexual intercourse after recovery), mistakenly treated as Yin Yang Yi (transmission of disease between male and female partners). (Nü Lao Fu refers to intercourse after recovery; Yin Yang Yi refers to the transmission of disease from woman to man, or man to woman.)
Pi Man (stuffiness and fullness in the epigastrium), mistakenly treated as Jie Xiong (chest binding characterized by hardness, fullness, and pain in the chest, hypochondrium, and epigastrium). (Painless stuffiness is Pi Man; painful hardness is Jie Xiong.)
Yue Ni (hiccups), mistakenly treated as Gan Ou (dry heaving). (Yue refers to hiccups; Gan Ou is the sound of vomiting without expulsion of matter.)
Bing Bing (concurrent disease where one meridian's pathology remains while another begins), mistakenly treated as He Bing (simultaneous disease of two or three meridians). (He Bing means two or three meridians are diseased simultaneously; Bing Bing means one meridian's pathology has not resolved before transmitting to another.)
Zheng Yang Ming Fu Bing (proper Yang Ming Fu organ excess syndrome), mistakenly treated as Yang Ming Jing Bing (Yang Ming Meridian exterior syndrome). (Fu disease is interior and suitable for purgation; Jing disease is exterior and suitable for diaphoresis.)
Yin Zao (restlessness caused by Yin excess repelling Yang), mistakenly treated as Yang Kuang (mania caused by excessive Yang heat). (Yin Zao presents with a deep pulse, cold frozen legs, and an inability to swallow water despite thirst; Yang Kuang presents with a solid and large pulse, thirst, and desire to drink water.)