习医要用直格，乃河间高尚先生刘守真所述也。守真深明《素问》造化阴阳之理，比尝语予曰∶
伤寒谓之大病者，死生在六、七日之间。经曰∶人之伤于寒也，则为病热。古今亦通谓之伤寒热病。
前三日，太阳、阳明、少阳受之，热壮于表，汗之则愈；后三日，太阴、少阴、厥阴受之，热传于里，
下之则痊。六经传受，自浅至深，皆是热证，非有阴寒之病。古圣训阴阳为表里，惟仲景深得其旨，厥
后朱肱奉议作《活人书》，尚失仲景本意，将阴阳字释作寒热，此差之毫厘，失之千里，而中间误罹横
夭者盖不少焉，不可不知也。予语守真曰∶先生之论如此，何不辟此说以暴耀当世，以革医流之弊，反
忍而无言何邪？守真曰∶世之所集各异，人情喜温而恶寒，恐论者不详，反生疑谤。又曰∶欲编书十卷，尚
未能就，故弗克耳。今太原书坊刘生锓梓以广其传，深有益于世。如宵行冥冥，迷不知径，忽遇明灯巨火，
正路昭然。若有执迷而不知信行者，固不足言，而聪明博雅君子，能于此者，原始反终研精覃思，则其
所得又何待予之喋喋也。
据金·马宗素《伤寒医鉴》作“平城翟公序”
甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸
甲 胆（手少阳） 乙肝（手厥阴） 东方木也。
丙小肠（手太阳） 丁心（手少阴） 南方火也。
庚大肠（手阳明） 辛肺（手太阴） 西方金也。
壬膀胱（足太阳） 癸肾（足太阴） 北方水也。
戊 胃（足阳明） 己脾（足太阴） 中央土也。
凡先言者为刚、为阳为兄、为腑、主于表；后言者为柔、为阴、为妹、为脏、主于里也。
学习医学必须使用《伤寒直格》，这是河间高尚先生刘守真所撰述的。刘守真深刻通晓《黄帝内经·素问》中关于造化与阴阳的道理，他曾对我说：
被称为“大病”的伤寒，其生死关键在于发病后的第六、七天。医经说：人受到寒邪侵袭，就会表现为发热病症。古往今来也统称为伤寒热病。
发病前三天，太阳经、阳明经、少阳经受邪，热势亢盛于体表，采用发汗法治疗即可痊愈；发病后三天，太阴经、少阴经、厥阴经受邪，热邪传入体内，采用泻下法治疗即可康复。六经的传变，由浅入深，都是热证，并没有阴寒性质的疾病。古代圣人训示阴阳互为表里，只有张仲景深刻领悟了这一宗旨。此后朱肱奉议撰写《活人书》，仍然偏离了张仲景的本意，将“阴阳”二字解释为“寒热”，这虽然只是毫厘之差，却导致千里之谬，而中间因误治而横死的人大概不少，这是不可不知的。我对刘守真说：先生的论述如此精辟，为何不驳斥这种错误观点以昭示当世，从而革除医界的弊端，反而忍心保持沉默呢？刘守真说：世间流传的学说各异，人情喜好温热而厌恶寒冷，恐怕论述不够详尽，反而会引起怀疑和诽谤。他又说：我想编写十卷本的书籍，尚且未能完成，所以无法做到罢了。如今太原书坊的刘先生刻印此书以广泛传播，对世人大有益处。就像在黑暗中行走，迷失了道路，忽然遇到明亮的灯火，正路变得清晰可见。如果有执着于迷误而不知道相信并实行的人，固然不值得多言，但对于聪明博学、高雅正直的君子，能够在此深入探究、追溯本源、反思终局、精心钻研、深思熟虑，那么他们的收获又何必等待我的喋喋不休呢？
甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸
甲对应胆（手少阳三焦经），乙肝对应肝（手厥阴心包经），属于东方木行。
丙对应小肠（手太阳膀胱经），丁对应心（手少阴心经），属于南方火行。
庚对应大肠（手阳明大肠经），辛对应肺（手太阴肺经），属于西方金行。
壬对应膀胱（足太阳膀胱经），癸对应肾（足少阴肾经），属于北方水行。
戊对应胃（足阳明胃经），己对应脾（足太阴脾经），属于中央土行。
凡是先列出的天干对应的脏腑为刚、为阳、为兄、为腑，主司体表；后列出的天干对应的脏腑为柔、为阴、为妹、为脏，主司体内。
To study medicine, one must use the *Shanghan Zhige* (Direct Rules for Cold Damage), which was authored by Liu Shouzhen, the noble Mr. Hejian. Liu Shouzhen had a profound understanding of the principles of creation and Yin-Yang as described in the *Suwen* (Basic Questions) of the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon). He once said to me:
Cold damage is referred to as a "major disease" because life or death depends on the sixth or seventh day after onset. The classics state: "When humans are injured by cold, it manifests as a febrile disease." Since ancient times, this has been generally termed "Shanghan Rebing" (Cold Damage Febrile Disease).
In the first three days, the Taiyang (Greater Yang), Yangming (Bright Yang), and Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridians are affected; heat is intense at the exterior, and treatment with sweating methods leads to recovery. In the subsequent three days, the Taiyin (Greater Yin), Shaoyin (Lesser Yin), and Jueyin (Terminal Yin) meridians are affected; heat transmits to the interior, and treatment with purgative methods leads to healing. The transmission through the Six Meridians proceeds from shallow to deep, all representing heat syndromes, without any Yin-cold diseases. Ancient sages taught that Yin and Yang are exterior and interior counterparts. Only Zhang Zhongjing deeply grasped this essence. Later, Zhu Gongfengyi wrote the *Huo Ren Shu* (Book for Saving Lives), yet still deviated from Zhang Zhongjing's original intent by interpreting the term "Yin-Yang" as "Cold-Heat." This slight deviation led to significant errors, resulting in many unnecessary deaths due to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, a fact that cannot be ignored. I asked Liu Shouzhen: "Your arguments are so profound; why do you not refute this erroneous view to enlighten the world and reform the flaws in medical practice, instead enduring silence?" Liu Shouzhen replied: "Various theories circulate in the world. Human nature prefers warmth and dislikes cold. If my arguments are not detailed enough, they might instead cause suspicion and slander." He added: "I intended to compile a ten-volume book, but have not yet completed it, hence I could not act." Now, Mr. Liu of the Taiyang Bookshop has carved and printed this work to widely disseminate it, which is deeply beneficial to the world. It is like walking in darkness, lost and unaware of the path, when suddenly encountering bright lights, making the correct path clear. Those who remain deluded and refuse to believe and practice these truths are hardly worth mentioning. However, for wise, erudite, and elegant gentlemen who can investigate the origin and reflect on the end, studying with precision and deep thought, their gains will far exceed what I can merely chatter about.
According to Ma Zongsu's *Shanghan Yijian* (Medical Mirror for Cold Damage) from the Jin Dynasty, the preface author is "Zhai Gong from Pingcheng."
Jia Yi Bing Ding Wu Ji Geng Xin Ren Gui
Jia corresponds to Gallbladder (Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao), Yi corresponds to Liver (Hand-Jueyin Pericardium); this belongs to Wood of the East.
Bing corresponds to Small Intestine (Hand-Taiyang Bladder), Ding corresponds to Heart (Hand-Shaoyin Heart); this belongs to Fire of the South.
Geng corresponds to Large Intestine (Hand-Yangming Large Intestine), Xin corresponds to Lung (Hand-Taiyin Lung); this belongs to Metal of the West.
Ren corresponds to Bladder (Foot-Taiyang Bladder), Gui corresponds to Kidney (Foot-Shaoyin Kidney); this belongs to Water of the North.
Wu corresponds to Stomach (Foot-Yangming Stomach), Ji corresponds to Spleen (Foot-Taiyin Spleen); this belongs to Earth of the Center.
Those listed first are considered Gang (Firm), Yang, Elder Brother, Fu-organs (Hollow organs), governing the exterior. Those listed second are considered Rou (Soft), Yin, Younger Sister, Zang-organs (Solid organs), governing the interior.