（此方自原论中第七卷采附于此）
人参 甘草（炙） 白术 干姜（以上各三两）
上四味。捣筛为末。蜜和丸。如鸡子黄大。以沸汤数合。和一丸研碎。温服之。日三服。夜二服。
成氏明理论云。心肺在膈上为阳。肾肝在膈下为阴。此上下藏也。脾胃应土。处在中州。在五脏曰孤脏。属三焦
曰中焦。自三焦独治在中。一有不调。此丸专治。故名曰理中丸。人参味甘温内经曰。脾欲缓。急食甘以缓之。缓中益
脾。必以甘为主。是以人参为君。白术味甘温。内经曰脾恶湿。甘胜湿。温中胜湿。必以甘为助。是以白术为臣。甘草
味甘平。内经曰。五味所入。甘先入脾。脾不足者。以甘补之。补中助脾。必先甘剂。是以甘草为佐。干姜味辛热。喜
温而恶寒者。胃也。胃寒。则中焦不治。内经曰。寒淫所胜。平以辛热。散寒温胃。必先辛剂。是以干姜为使云云。内
经曰。热者寒之寒者热之。此之谓也。
琥按上成氏注理中丸。乃治脾胃虚寒药也。使脾胃虚而不至于寒。则干姜在所当减。况敢加桂附等药乎。使脾胃寒
而不至于虚。则参术又在所当减矣。医者不可不知。又上证言喜唾得。乃吐涎沫也。倘其人恶心欲作呕吐之状。方中宜
去甘草。又用干姜。不若多用生姜之为妥矣。
伤寒解后。虚羸少气。气逆欲吐者。竹叶石膏汤主之。（伤寒本是热病。热邪所耗。则精液销烁。元气亏损。故其人
必虚羸少气。气逆欲吐者。气虚不能消饮。胸中停蓄。故上逆而欲作吐也。与竹叶石膏汤。以调胃气。散热逆。愚按前
条是胃中虚寒证。此条是胃中虚热证。）
（此方从《伤寒论》原书第七卷摘录并附于此）
人参、甘草（炙）、白术、干姜（以上各三两）。
以上四味药。捣碎并筛成粉末。用蜂蜜调和制成丸剂，大小如鸡蛋黄。取几合沸水，将一丸药研碎后溶入水中，温服。每日服用三次，夜间服用两次。
成无己在《明理论》中说：心肺位于膈肌之上，属阳；肾肝位于膈肌之下，属阴。这是上下的脏腑。脾胃对应土行，处于中州（人体中部）。在五脏中称为“孤脏”，在三焦中属于“中焦”。既然三焦中唯独中焦独立治理，一旦失调，此丸专治之，所以命名为理中丸。人参味甘、性温，《内经》说：“脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之。”通过缓和来补益脾胃，必须以甘味药为主，因此用人参为君药。白术味甘、性温，《内经》说：“脾恶湿，甘胜湿。”通过甘味来胜湿，通过温性来温中胜湿，必须以甘味药为辅助，因此用白术为臣药。甘草味甘、性平，《内经》说：“五味所入，甘先入脾。”脾不足时，用甘味药补益它。补益中气、助益脾胃，必须先使用甘味药剂，因此用甘草为佐药。干姜味辛、性热，胃的特性是喜温而恶寒。如果胃寒，则中焦无法正常运化。《内经》说：“寒淫所胜，平以辛热。”通过辛味药来散寒温胃，必须使用辛味药剂，因此用干姜为使药。等等。《内经》说：“热者寒之，寒者热之。”说的就是这个道理。
琥按：上述成无己对理中丸的注释，指出它是治疗脾胃虚寒的药物。如果仅仅是脾胃虚弱而没有达到寒的程度，那么干姜应当减量，何况敢加入桂枝、附子等药物呢？如果仅仅是脾胃寒而没有达到虚的程度，那么人参、白术又应当减量了。医者不可不知道这一点。另外，上述症状中提到“喜唾”，即吐出涎沫的情况。如果病人有恶心想要呕吐的症状，方剂中应当去掉甘草。另外使用干姜，不如多用生姜更为妥当。
伤寒病痊愈后，身体虚弱消瘦、气息短少、气逆想要呕吐的，用竹叶石膏汤主治。（伤寒本来是热病，热邪耗伤，导致精液消烁，元气亏损，所以病人必然身体虚弱消瘦、气息短少。气逆想要呕吐，是因为气虚不能消化水饮，胸中停蓄停滞，所以上逆而想要呕吐。给予竹叶石膏汤，以调理胃气，散热降逆。愚按：前一条是胃中虚寒证，这一条是胃中虚热证。）
(This prescription is extracted from Volume 7 of the original *Shanghan Lun* and attached here.)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma) (each above three liang).
The above four herbs. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with honey to form pills, size equivalent to a chicken egg yolk. Take several he of boiling water, crush one pill and dissolve it in the water, take warm. Three doses per day, two doses at night.
Cheng Wuji stated in his *Minglun*: The Heart and Lung are located above the diaphragm and belong to Yang; the Kidney and Liver are located below the diaphragm and belong to Yin. These are the upper and lower zang organs. The Spleen and Stomach correspond to the Earth element and reside in the Central Region (Zhongzhou). Among the five zang organs, they are called the "Lone Organ"; within the Sanjiao, they belong to the Middle Jiao. Since the Middle Jiao governs independently within the Sanjiao, once dysfunction occurs, this pill treats it specifically, hence named Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill). Renshen has a sweet taste and warm nature. The *Neijing* states: "The Spleen desires relaxation; urgently feed it with sweet substances to relax it." To soothe and benefit the Spleen, sweet substances must be primary; therefore, Renshen serves as the Sovereign herb. Baizhu has a sweet taste and warm nature. The *Neijing* states: "The Spleen dislikes dampness; sweetness overcomes dampness." To overcome dampness through sweetness and warm the middle through warmth, sweet substances must assist; therefore, Baizhu serves as the Minister herb. Gancao has a sweet taste and neutral nature. The *Neijing* states: "Of the five flavors, sweetness enters the Spleen first." When the Spleen is deficient, tonify it with sweet substances. To tonify the center and assist the Spleen, sweet agents must be used first; therefore, Gancao serves as the Assistant herb. Ganjiang has a pungent taste and hot nature. The Stomach prefers warmth and dislikes cold. If the Stomach is cold, the Middle Jiao fails to regulate itself. The *Neijing* states: "When cold prevails, level it with pungent and hot substances." To disperse cold and warm the Stomach, pungent agents must be used; therefore, Ganjiang serves as the Envoy herb. And so on. The *Neijing* states: "Heat is treated with cold; cold is treated with heat." This is what is meant.
Hu notes: The aforementioned commentary by Cheng Wuji on Lizhong Wan indicates it is a medicine for treating deficiency-cold of the Spleen and Stomach. If the Spleen and Stomach are deficient but not yet cold, then Ganjiang should be reduced; how much more so would one dare to add herbs like Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) or Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root)? If the Spleen and Stomach are cold but not yet deficient, then Renshen and Baizhu should be reduced. Physicians must understand this. Furthermore, regarding the aforementioned symptom of "frequent spitting," this refers to the expectoration of saliva/phlegm. If the patient exhibits nausea and a tendency to vomit, Gancao should be removed from the formula. Additionally, instead of using Ganjiang, it would be more appropriate to use Shengjiang (Fresh Zingiberis Rhizoma) in larger quantities.
After the resolution of Shanghan (Cold Damage), if there is emaciation, shortness of breath, and rebellious Qi leading to a desire to vomit, Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) is the primary treatment. (Shanghan is originally a heat disease. Heat pathogens consume fluids, causing the depletion of essence and fluids and the loss of Yuan Qi. Therefore, the patient inevitably suffers from emaciation and shortness of breath. Rebellious Qi and a desire to vomit occur because Qi deficiency prevents the transformation of fluids, leading to stagnation in the chest, which rebels upward causing a desire to vomit. Administer Zhuye Shigao Tang to regulate Stomach Qi, dissipate heat, and descend rebellious Qi. I note: The previous clause describes a deficiency-cold syndrome of the Stomach; this clause describes a deficiency-heat syndrome of the Stomach.)