抱膝者，用丝弦藤作圈，较膝盖骨稍大一些，以布条缠于圈上，作四足之形，扎于膝上
用法详于第二十二则内。
头者，人之首也。凡物独出之首，皆名曰头。脑者，头骨之髓也，俗名脑子。颠者，头
顶也。颠顶之骨，俗名天灵盖。囟者，颠前之头骨也。小儿初生未阖，名曰囟门；已阖，名曰囟
骨，即天灵盖后合之骨。面者，凡前曰面。凡后曰背。居头之前，故曰面也。颜者，眉目间
名也。额颅，额前发际之下，两眉之上，名曰额。一曰颡者，亦额之谓也。头角，额两旁棱
处之骨也。鬓骨，即两太阳之骨也。目者，司视之窍也。目胞者，一名目窝，一名目裹，即
上下两目外围之胞也。目纲者，即上下目胞之两睑边，又名曰睫，司目之开阖也。目内 者
，乃近鼻之内眼肉，以其大而圆，故又名大 也。目外 者，
乃近鬓前之眼肉也，以其小而尖，故称目锐 也。目珠者，睛之俗名也。目系者，目睛入
脑之系也。目眶骨者，目窝四围之骨也。上曰眉棱骨，下即 骨， 骨之外，即颧骨。 者
，目
界骨，名曰鼻柱。下至鼻尽之处，名曰准头。 者， 内鼻旁间近生门牙之骨也。颧者，面
两旁高起之大骨也。 者，俗呼为腮，口旁颊前肉之空软处也。耳者，司听之窍也。蔽者，
耳门也。耳郭者，耳叶也。颊，耳前颧侧面两旁之称也。曲颊者，颊之骨也。曲如环形，受
颊车骨尾之钩者也。颊车者，下牙床骨也。总载诸齿，能咀食物，故名颊车。人中者，鼻柱
之下、唇之上，穴名水沟。口者，司言食之窍也。唇者，口端也。吻者，口之四周也。颐者
，口角后 之下也。颏者，口之下唇至末之处，俗名下巴壳也。颌者，颏下结喉上，两侧肉
之
者，司味之窍也。舌本者，舌之根也。颃颡者，口内之上二孔，司分气之窍也。悬壅垂者，
张口视喉上，似乳头之小舌，俗名碓嘴。会厌者，覆喉管之上窍，似皮似膜，发声则开，咽
食则闭，故为声音之户也。咽者，饮食之路也，居喉之后。喉者，通声息之路也，居咽之前
。喉咙者，喉也，肺之系也。嗌者，咽也，胃之系也。结喉者，喉之管头也，其人瘦者，多
外见颈前，肥人则隐于肉内，多不见也。胸膺者，缺盆下腹之上，有骨之处也。膺者，胸前
两旁高处也。一名曰臆，胸骨肉也，俗名胸膛。 者，胸之众骨名也。乳者，膺上突起两
肉有头，妇人以乳儿者也。鸠尾者，即蔽心骨也，其质系脆骨，在胸骨之下、歧骨之间。膈
者，胸下腹上之界内之膜也，俗名罗膈。腹者，膈之下曰腹，俗名肚。脐之下曰少腹，亦名
小腹。脐者，人之初生胞带之处也。毛际者，小腹下横骨间，丛毛之际也。下横骨，俗名盖
骨。篡者，横骨之下、两股之前，相合共结之凹也。前后两阴之间，名下极穴，又名屏翳穴
。会阴穴，男女阴器之所也。睾丸者，男子前阴之两丸也。上横骨，在喉前宛宛中天突穴之
外。小湾横骨，旁接柱骨之骨也。柱骨者，膺上缺盆之外，俗名锁子骨也。内接横骨，外接
肩解也。肩解者，肩端之骨节解处也。 骨者，肩端之骨也，即肩胛骨，头臼之上棱骨也，
其臼接 骨上端，俗曰肩头。其外曲卷翅骨，肩后之棱骨也。其下棱骨，在背肉内。肩胛者
，即 骨之末，成片骨也，亦名肩膊，俗名 板子骨。臂者，上身两大支之通称也。一名曰
肱，俗名胳膊。胳膊中节，上下骨交接处，名曰肘。肘上之骨，曰 骨。肘下之骨，曰臂骨
。臂骨有正辅二骨，辅骨在上，短细偏外；正骨居下，长大偏内，俱下接腕骨也。腕者，臂
掌骨接交处，以其宛屈故名也。当外侧之骨，名曰高骨，一名锐骨，亦名踝骨。掌者，手之
众指之本也。掌之众骨，名壅骨，合凑成掌，非块然一骨也。鱼者，在掌外侧之上陇起，其
形如鱼，故谓之鱼也。手者，上体所以持物也。手心者，即掌之中也。手背者，手之表也。
指骨者，手指之骨也。第一大指，名巨指，在外二节，本节在掌。第二名食指，又名大指之
次指，三节在外，本节在掌。第三中指名将指，三节在外，本节在掌。第四指，名无名指，又
名小指之次指，三节在外，
节在掌。其节节交接处，皆有碎骨筋膜联系。爪甲者，指之甲也。足趾同。歧骨者，凡骨之
两
际，俗名胳肢窝。胁肋者，腋下至肋骨尽处之统名也。曰肋者，胁之单条骨之谓，统胁肋
之总，又名曰 。季胁者，胁之小肋骨也，俗名软肋。 者，胁下无肋骨空软处也。脑后骨
者，俗呼脑杓。枕骨者，脑后骨之下，陇起者是也，其骨或棱或平，或长或圆不一。完骨者
，耳后之棱骨，名曰完骨，在枕骨下两旁之棱骨也。颈项者，颈之茎也。又曰颈者，颈之侧
也。项者，颈之后也，俗名脖项。颈者，头之茎骨，肩骨上际之骨，俗名天柱骨也。项骨者
，头后颈骨之上，三节圆骨也。背者，后身大椎以下，腰以上之统称也。膂者，挟脊骨两旁
肉也。脊骨者，脊膂骨也，俗名脊梁骨。腰骨者，即脊骨十四椎下，十五十六椎间，尻上之
骨也，其形中凹，上宽下窄，方圆二三寸许，两旁四孔，下接尻骨上际也。胂者，腰下两旁
踝骨上之肉也。臀者，胂下尻旁大肉也。尻骨者，腰骨下十七椎、十八椎、十九椎、二十椎
、二十一椎，五节之骨也。上四节纹之旁，左右各四孔，骨形内凹如瓦，长四五寸许，上宽
下窄，末节更小，如人参芦形，名尾闾，一名 端，一名橛骨，一名穷骨。在肛门后，其骨
上外两旁，形如马蹄，附着两踝骨上端，俗名胯骨。肛者，大肠下口也。下横骨，踝骨楗骨
者下横骨，在少腹下，其形如盖，故名盖骨也，其骨左右二大孔∶上，两分出向后之骨，
首如张扇下寸许，附着于尻骨之上，形如马蹄之处，名曰踝骨；下，两分出向前之骨，末
如楗柱，在于臀内，名曰楗骨，与尻骨成鼎足之势，为坐主骨也，妇人名曰交骨。其骨面
名曰髋，挟髋之曰名曰机，又名脾枢，外接股之髀骨也，即环跳穴处，此一骨五名也。股
者，下体两大支之通称也，俗名大腿。小腿中节上下交接处名曰膝，膝
。膝下之骨曰 骨，胫之大骨也。髀骨者，膝上之大骨也，上端如杵，接于髀枢，下端如锤
，接于 骨也。 骨者，俗名 胫骨也，其骨两根，在前者名成骨，又名 骨，形粗，膝外
突出之骨也。在后者，名辅骨，形细，膝内侧之小骨也。伏兔者，髀骨前膝之上起，肉似俯
兔，故曰伏兔。膝解者，膝之节解也。髌骨者，膝上盖骨也。连骸者，膝外侧二高骨也。
者，膝后屈处，俗名腿凹也。 者，下腿肚也，一名腓肠，俗名小腿肚。踝骨者， 骨之下
，足附之上，两旁突出之高骨，在外为外踝，在内为内踝也。足者，下体所以趋步也，俗名
脚。跗骨者，足背也，一名足趺，俗称脚面。跗骨者，足趾本节之众也。足心者，即踵之中
也。跟骨者，跟足后根之骨也。趾者，足之指也。其数五，名为趾者，别于手也。居内之大
者，名大趾；第二趾，名大趾之次趾；第三趾，名中趾；第四趾，名小趾之次趾；第五趾居
外之小者，名小趾。足之指节，亦与手指节同，其大趾之本节后，内侧圆骨形HT 者，名核骨
。三毛者，足大趾爪甲后为三毛，毛后横纹为聚毛。踵者，足下面着于地之谓也，俗名脚底
板。
抱膝夹板：用丝弦藤制作成圈，大小比膝盖骨稍大一些，在圈上缠绕布条，做成四条腿的形状，绑扎在膝盖上。
具体用法详见第二十二则条文内。
头：是人的头部。凡是物体单独突出的顶端部分，都称为头。
脑：是头骨内的髓质，俗称脑子。
颠：指头顶部位。
颠顶之骨：俗称天灵盖。
囟：指头顶前方未闭合的头骨。
囟门：婴儿出生时囟门尚未闭合，称为囟门；闭合后称为囟骨，即天灵盖后方闭合的那块骨头。
面：凡是指前面的部位叫面。凡是指后面的部位叫背。因为位于头部的前方，所以称为面。
颜：指眉毛和眼睛之间的区域。
额颅（额）：前发际线以下、两眉之上的部位，称为额。另一种说法称“颡”，也是指额部。
头角：额头两侧棱起处的骨头。
鬓骨：即两侧太阳穴部位的骨头。
目：是主管视觉的器官。
目胞（目窝/目裹）：即上下眼睑外围的眼眶肉。
目纲（睑/睫）：即上下眼睑的边缘，又称睫毛，主管眼睛的开合。
目内眦：靠近鼻子内侧的眼角肉，因为它大而圆，所以又称大眦。
目外眦：靠近鬓角前方的眼角肉，因为它小而尖，所以称为锐眦。
目珠：眼球的俗称。
目系：连接眼球进入大脑的脉络。
目眶骨：眼眶四周的骨头。
眉棱骨：上方的骨头。下方的骨头（此处原文缺字，通常指泪骨或鼻根骨），其外侧即为颧骨。
鼻柱（山根）：两眼之间的界骨，名为鼻柱。
准头：从鼻柱向下直到鼻尖的部位。
迎香旁骨（此处原文缺字，推测为鼻翼旁骨）：位于鼻孔内侧、靠近门牙位置的骨头。
颧骨：面部两旁高起的大骨头。
腮：俗称腮帮子，口旁脸颊前柔软空陷的肉处。
耳：是主管听觉的器官。
蔽：指耳门。
耳郭：耳朵的外叶。
颊：耳前、颧骨侧面两边的称呼。
曲颊：颊部的骨头。形状弯曲如环，承接颊车骨尾端的钩状结构。
颊车：下牙床的骨头。总括承载所有牙齿，能够咀嚼食物，所以称为颊车。
人中：鼻柱之下、嘴唇之上的穴位，名叫水沟穴。
口：是主管言语和进食的器官。
唇：口的边缘。
吻：口的四周。
颐：口角后方、下颌之下的部位。
颏（下巴）：口之下唇到最末端的部位，俗称下巴壳。
颌：颏下方、结喉上方，两侧肌肉的部分。
舌：是主管味觉的器官。
舌本：舌头的根部。
颃颡：口腔内部上方的两个孔窍，主管分流气息。
悬雍垂：张口看喉咙上方，像乳头一样的小舌头，俗称碓嘴。
会厌：覆盖在喉管上口的结构，似皮似膜，发声时张开，吞咽食物时关闭，所以被称为声音的门户。
咽：饮食通过的通道，位于喉的后方。
喉：通气和发声的通道，位于咽的前方。
喉咙：即喉，是肺系的延伸。
嗌：即咽，是胃系的延伸。
结喉：喉管的头部。身体瘦的人，多在颈前外部可见；肥胖的人则隐藏在肉内，大多看不见。
胸膺：缺盆（锁骨上窝）之下、腹部之上，有骨骼存在的部位。
膺：胸前两旁高起的地方。又名臆，指胸部的骨肉，俗称胸膛。
胸骨：胸部众多骨头的总称。
乳：膺部突起的两块肉，有乳头，妇女用来哺育婴儿。
鸠尾：即蔽心骨，质地为脆骨，位于胸骨之下、歧骨之间。
膈：胸下腹上的分界处的薄膜，俗称罗膈。
腹：膈肌以下的部位叫腹，俗称肚。
少腹（小腹）：脐以下的部位。
脐：人出生时胎盘脐带连接的地方。
毛际：小腹下方横骨之间，长有丛毛的交界处。
下横骨：俗称盖骨。
篡：横骨之下、两股大腿之前，相互汇合形成的凹陷处。
下极穴（屏翳穴）：前后两阴之间的部位。
会阴穴：男女生殖器的所在之处。
睾丸：男子前阴的两个丸状物。
上横骨：位于喉前宛宛中（天突穴）的外侧。
小湾横骨：旁边连接柱骨的骨头。
柱骨：膺部上方缺盆之外，俗称锁子骨。向内连接横骨，向外连接肩解。
肩解：肩端骨节连接分解的地方。
肩髃骨（此处原文缺字，通常指肩峰或肩胛冈）：肩端的骨头，即肩胛骨，是头臼上方的棱骨。其臼连接着上述骨头的上端，俗称肩头。
其外侧卷曲的翅骨：肩后方的棱骨。
其下方的棱骨：位于背部肌肉内。
肩胛：即上述骨头的末端，成片状的骨头，也称肩膊，俗称板子骨。
臂：上身两大支脉的通称。又名肱，俗称胳膊。
肘：胳膊中段，上下骨交接的地方，称为肘。
肱骨：肘上方的骨头。
臂骨（尺骨/桡骨统称）：肘下方的骨头。
臂骨分为正辅二骨：辅骨在上，短细偏向外侧；正骨在下，长大偏向内侧，都向下连接腕骨。
腕：手臂与掌骨交接的地方，因其弯曲而得名。
高骨（锐骨/踝骨）：位于外侧的骨头，名叫高骨，一名锐骨，也叫踝骨。
掌：手众手指的根基。
壅骨：手掌中的众多骨头，汇聚形成手掌，不是单一的一块骨头。
鱼：在手掌外侧上方隆起的部分，形状像鱼，所以称为鱼际。
手：上体用来持物的器官。
手心：即手掌的中心。
手背：手的表面。
指骨：手指的骨头。
巨指（大拇指）：第一大指，名叫巨指，有两节在外，本节在掌心。
食指：第二名食指，又名大指的次指，有三节在外，本节在掌心。
中指（将指）：第三中指名叫将指，有三节在外，本节在掌心。
无名指：第四指名叫无名指，又名小指的次指，有三节在外，本节在掌心。
各节交接处都有碎骨和筋膜联系。
爪甲：手指的指甲。足趾相同。
歧骨：凡是骨头两旁的间隙，俗称胳肢窝。
胁肋：腋下至肋骨尽头的统称。
肋：胁部单条骨头的称谓。统括胁肋的总称，又名……（此处原文缺字，可能指胁）。
季胁：胁部的小肋骨，俗称软肋。
脾俞旁空软处（此处原文缺字，指胁下无肋骨的空软处）：胁下没有肋骨的空软地方。
脑后骨：俗称脑杓。
枕骨：脑后骨下方隆起的部分，这块骨头有的呈棱形，有的平坦，有的长，有的圆，各不相同。
完骨：耳后的棱骨，名叫完骨，位于枕骨下方两侧的棱骨。
颈项：颈的茎干部分。
颈：颈的侧面。
项：颈的后部，俗称脖项。
天柱骨：头的茎骨，肩骨上际的骨头，俗称天柱骨。
项骨：头后颈骨的上部，三节圆形的骨头。
背：后身大椎穴以下、腰部以上的统称。
膂：挟持脊骨两旁肌肉。
脊骨：脊膂所在的骨头，俗称脊梁骨。
腰骨：即脊骨第十四椎以下，第十五、十六椎之间，尻骨上方的骨头。形状中间凹陷，上宽下窄，方圆约二三寸，两旁有四孔，向下连接尻骨上际。
胂：腰下两旁、踝骨上方的肌肉。
臀：胂下方、尻旁的大块肌肉。
尻骨：腰骨下方第十七、十八、十九、二十、二十一椎，共五节骨头。
尾闾（骶骨）：上四节纹路的旁边，左右各有四孔，骨形内凹如瓦片，长约四五寸，上宽下窄，末节更小，像人参芦的形状，名叫尾闾，一名骶端，一名橛骨，一名穷骨。位于肛门后方。
胯骨：其骨上外两旁，形状像马蹄，附着在两踝骨上端，俗称胯骨。
肛：大肠的下口。
下横骨（耻骨）：位于踝骨楗骨之下，少腹之下，形状像盖子，所以叫盖骨。
该骨左右有两个大孔：
上部分出向后延伸的骨头，头部像张开的扇子下方一寸许，附着在尻骨上形状像马蹄的地方，名叫踝骨（此处指髂骨翼等结构，古称可能有异）；
下部分出向前延伸的骨头，末端像楗柱，位于臀部内，名叫楗骨，与尻骨形成鼎足之势，是坐立的主要骨头，妇女称之为交骨。
该骨的面部名叫髋，挟持髋部的名叫机，又名脾枢，外接大腿的髀骨，即环跳穴处，这一块骨头有五个名字。
股：下体两大支脉的通称，俗称大腿。
膝：小腿中段上下交接处名叫膝。
腘骨（此处原文缺字，应为腘窝相关或胫骨上端）：膝下方的骨头，是大腿骨（胫骨）的主要部分。（注：原文此处排版混乱，“膝”后缺字，接着说“膝下之骨曰...骨，胫之大骨也”，通常膝下为胫骨，但结合上下文“髀骨者膝上之大骨”，此处应厘清：髀骨为股骨，胫骨为小腿骨。原文逻辑可能是：膝下之骨曰[胫]骨，[即]胫之大骨也。）
髀骨：膝上方的大骨头，上端像杵，连接于髀枢，下端像锤，连接于[胫]骨。
[胫]骨（此处原文缺字，指胫骨）：俗称[胫]胫骨。这根骨头有两根，在前面的名叫成骨，又名[胫]骨，形状粗壮，是膝外侧突出的骨头。在后面的名叫辅骨，形状纤细，是膝内侧的小骨头。
伏兔：髀骨前、膝上方隆起的肉，形状像俯卧的兔子，所以叫伏兔。
膝解：膝关节的关节缝。
髌骨：膝盖上方的盖骨。
连骸：膝外侧的两块高骨。
腘：膝后弯曲的地方，俗称腿凹。
腓肠：下腿肚，一名腓肠，俗称小腿肚。
踝骨：[腓]骨之下，足附之上，两旁突出的高骨，在外侧的叫外踝，在内侧的叫内踝。
足：下体用来行走的器官，俗称脚。
跗骨：足背，一名足趺，俗称脚面。
跗骨：足趾本节的众多骨头。
足心：即脚踵的中部。
跟骨：脚跟后根的骨头。
趾：脚的指头。数量五个，命名为趾，是为了区别于手。
居内侧的大趾，名叫大趾。
第二趾，名叫大趾的次趾。
第三趾，名叫中趾。
第四趾，名叫小趾的次趾。
第五趾居外侧的小趾，名叫小趾。
足的指节，也与手指节相同。
在大趾本节后，内侧圆形骨形HT（此处原文乱码，应为“核骨”或类似描述）的地方，名叫核骨。
三毛：足大趾爪甲后方有三根毛，毛后面横纹处称为聚毛。
踵：足下面接触地面的部分，俗称脚底板。
Knee Support (Baoxi): A hoop is made from silk-strand vine, slightly larger than the patella. Cloth strips are wound around the hoop to form a four-legged structure, which is then strapped onto the knee.
Detailed usage instructions are provided in Article 22.
Head (Tou): The head of a human being. Any part of an object that protrudes singly at the top is called the head.
Brain (Nao): The marrow within the skull bones, commonly known as "naozi."
Dian: Refers to the vertex of the head.
Bone of the Vertex: Commonly known as the fontanelle bone or "tianlinggai" (sky lid).
Xin: The frontal bone of the head before it closes.
Fontanelle (Xinmen): In newborns, when the xin has not yet closed, it is called the fontanelle; once closed, it is called the xin bone, which is the bone closing the back of the tianlinggai.
Face (Mian): Any part referring to the front is called the face. Any part referring to the back is called the back. Since it is located at the front of the head, it is called the face.
Yan: The area between the eyebrows and eyes.
Forehead (Echu/E): The area below the anterior hairline and above the two eyebrows is called the forehead. Another term for this is "sang," also referring to the forehead.
Head Corners (Toujiao): The bony ridges on both sides of the forehead.
Temple Bone (Bin Gu): The bones at the temples on both sides.
Eye (Mu): The organ responsible for vision.
Eyelid (Mubao/Mowo/Muguo): Also known as eye socket or eye wrap, referring to the flesh surrounding the upper and lower eyelids.
Eyelid Margin (Mugang/Lian/Jie): The edges of the upper and lower eyelids, also called eyelashes, responsible for opening and closing the eyes.
Inner Canthus (Mu Neizi): The fleshy part near the nose at the inner corner of the eye. Due to its large and round shape, it is also called the "large canthus."
Outer Canthus (Mu Waizi): The fleshy part near the front of the temple at the outer corner of the eye. Due to its small and pointed shape, it is called the "acute canthus."
Eyeball (Muzhu): The common name for the globe of the eye.
Optic Nerve/Connection (Muxi): The connection from the eyeball entering the brain.
Orbital Bone (Mukuang Gu): The bones surrounding the eye socket.
Supraorbital Ridge (Meileng Gu): The bone above. The bone below [text missing], and outside that bone is the zygomatic bone.
Nasal Bridge (Shangen): The bony boundary between the eyes, named the nasal pillar.
Tip of Nose (Zhuntou): From the nasal bridge down to the end of the nose.
[Missing Character] Bone: The bone inside the nostrils near the incisors.
Zygomatic Bone (Quan): The large prominent bones on both sides of the face.
Cheek/Sai: Commonly called "sai," the soft, hollow flesh in front of the cheeks beside the mouth.
Ear (Er): The organ responsible for hearing.
Bi: Refers to the ear gate.
Auricle (Er Guo): The leaf of the ear.
Cheek (Jia): The term for the areas on both sides of the cheekbone in front of the ear.
Curved Jaw Qu (Qujia): The bone of the cheek. It is curved like a ring and receives the hook at the tail of the masseter bone.
Masseter Bone (Jia Che): The bone of the lower jaw. It holds all the teeth and enables chewing, hence the name "Jia Che" (Cheek Cart).
Ren Zhong: The acupoint below the nasal column and above the lip, named Shuigou.
Mouth (Kou): The organ responsible for speech and eating.
Lip (Chun): The edge of the mouth.
Kiss/Perimeter (Wen): The four sides of the mouth.
Yi: The area behind the corner of the mouth and below the chin.
Chin (Ke): From the lower lip of the mouth to its end, commonly known as the "xia ba ke" (chin shell).
Jaw (He): The fleshy parts on both sides below the chin and above the laryngeal prominence.
Tongue (She): The organ responsible for taste.
Root of Tongue (She Ben): The root of the tongue.
Hang Sang: Two holes in the upper part of the oral cavity, responsible for dividing airflow.
Uvula (Xuan Yong Chui): When opening the mouth to view the throat, the small tongue-like structure resembling a nipple, commonly known as "dui zui."
Epiglottis (Hui Yan): Covers the upper opening of the larynx; it is skin-like and membrane-like. It opens during phonation and closes during swallowing, thus serving as the "door of sound."
Pharynx (Yan): The pathway for food and drink, located behind the larynx.
Larynx (Hou): The pathway for voice and breath, located in front of the pharynx.
Throat (Hou Long): The larynx, which is the extension of the lung system.
Ai: The pharynx, which is the extension of the stomach system.
Laryngeal Prominence (Jie Hou): The head of the laryngeal tube. In thin individuals, it is often visible externally at the front of the neck; in fat individuals, it is hidden within the flesh and often invisible.
Chest/Pectorals (Xiong Ying): The area below the collarbone fossa (Que Pen) and above the abdomen where bones exist.
Pectoralis (Ying): The high places on both sides of the chest. Also called Yi, referring to the chest flesh and bone, commonly known as "xiong tang."
Sternum (Xiong Gu): The collective name for the many bones of the chest.
Breast (Ru): Two protruding fleshy parts above the pectorals with nipples, used by women to nurse infants.
Jiu Wei: The xiphoid process (bi xin gu), composed of cartilage, located below the sternum and between the diverging ribs.
Diaphragm (Ge): The membrane at the boundary between the lower chest and upper abdomen, commonly known as "luo ge."
Abdomen (Fu): The area below the diaphragm is called the abdomen, commonly known as the belly.
Lower Abdomen (Shao Fu/Xiao Fu): The area below the navel.
Navel (Qi): The place where the umbilical cord connected at birth.
Pubic Hair Line (Mao Ji): The junction of pubic hair between the transverse bone below the lower abdomen.
Transverse Bone (Xia Heng Gu): Commonly known as the "gai gu" (cover bone).
Cuan: The depression formed where the area below the transverse bone and the fronts of the two thighs meet.
Xia Ji Acupoint (Ping Yi Acupoint): The area between the anterior and posterior yin openings.
Hui Yin Acupoint: The location of the external genitalia in both men and women.
Testes (Jie Wan): The two testicles of the male anterior yin.
Upper Transverse Bone: Located outside the Tian Tu acupoint at the depression in front of the throat.
Small Bay Transverse Bone: The bone connecting laterally to the pillar bone.
Pillar Bone (Zhu Gu): Outside the collarbone fossa above the pectorals, commonly known as the clavicle ("suo zi gu"). It connects internally to the transverse bone and externally to the shoulder joint.
Shoulder Joint (Jian Jie): The site where the shoulder bone joints separate.
[Missing Character] Bone: The bone at the shoulder tip, i.e., the scapula, the ridge bone above the glenoid cavity. Its cavity connects to the upper end of the aforementioned bone, commonly called the "shoulder head."
The laterally curved wing bone: The ridge bone at the back of the shoulder.
The lower ridge bone: Located within the back muscles.
Scapula (Jian Jia): The distal end of the aforementioned bone, a flat plate-like bone, also called the shoulder blade ("jian bo"), commonly known as the "ban zi gu" (board bone).
Arm (Bi): The general term for the two major branches of the upper body. Also called Gong, commonly known as "ge bo."
Elbow (Zhou): The middle section of the arm, where the upper and lower bones join, is called the elbow.
Humerus (Gong Gu): The bone above the elbow.
Radius/Ulna (Bi Gu): The bone below the elbow.
The arm bone consists of two bones: the auxiliary bone (Fu Gu) is superior, short, thin, and lateral; the main bone (Zheng Gu) is inferior, long, thick, and medial. Both connect downward to the carpal bones.
Wrist (Wan): The junction of the forearm and metacarpal bones, named for its curvature.
High Bone (Gao Gu): The bone on the lateral side, named High Bone, also Sharp Bone, or Ankle Bone.
Palm (Zhang): The base of the fingers of the hand.
Yong Gu: The numerous bones of the palm, converging to form the palm, not a single block of bone.
Yu (Thenar/Hypothenar Eminence): The raised area on the upper lateral side of the palm, shaped like a fish, hence called Yu.
Hand (Shou): The organ of the upper body used to hold objects.
Palm Center (Shou Xin): The center of the palm.
Back of Hand (Shou Bei): The dorsal surface of the hand.
Phalanges (Zhi Gu): The bones of the fingers.
Thumb (Ju Zhi): The first digit, named Ju Zhi, has two phalanges distal to the palm, with the proximal phalanx in the palm.
Index Finger (Shi Zhi): The second digit, also called the secondary finger of the thumb, has three phalanges distal to the palm, with the proximal phalanx in the palm.
Middle Finger (Zhong Zhi/Jiang Zhi): The third digit, named Jiang Zhi, has three phalanges distal to the palm, with the proximal phalanx in the palm.
Ring Finger (Wu Ming Zhi): The fourth digit, named Wu Ming Zhi, also called the secondary finger of the little finger, has three phalanges distal to the palm, with the proximal phalanx in the palm.
All joint intersections are connected by small bones and fascia.
Nail (Zhua Jia): The nail of the finger. The same applies to toes.
Qi Gu: The gap between any two bones, commonly known as the axilla.
Hypochondrium/Ribs (Xie Lei): The general term from the axilla to the end of the ribs.
Rib (Lei): Refers to a single rib of the hypochondrium. The collective term for the hypochondrium and ribs is also called... [text missing].
Costal Margin (Ji Xie): The small ribs of the hypochondrium, commonly known as "ruan lei" (soft ribs).
[Missing Character] Area: The soft, empty area in the hypochondrium without ribs.
Occipital Bone Region (Nao Hou Gu): Commonly called "nao shao."
Occipital Bone (Zhen Gu): The prominent part below the occipital region bone. This bone varies in shape: some are ridged, some flat, some long, some round.
Wan Gu: The ridge bone behind the ear, named Wan Gu, located at the bilateral ridges below the occipital bone.
Neck/Nape (Jing Xiang): The stem of the neck.
Jing: The side of the neck.
Xiang: The back of the neck, commonly called "bo xiang."
Tian Zhu Bone: The cervical vertebrae, the bone at the upper margin of the shoulder bone, commonly known as the "pillar of heaven" bone.
Cervical Vertebrae (Xiang Gu): The three circular vertebrae at the upper part of the neck bone behind the head.
Back (Bei): The general term for the area from the Dazhui point below to the waist above on the posterior body.
Lv: The muscles flanking the spinal column.
Spine (Ji Gu): The bone of the spinal muscles, commonly known as the "ji liang gu" (spine bone).
Lumbar Bone (Yao Gu): The bone below the 14th thoracic vertebra, between the 15th and 16th vertebrae, and above the sacrum. It is concave in the middle, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, approximately 2-3 cun square, with four holes on each side, connecting downward to the upper margin of the sacrum.
Shen: The flesh below the waist and above the malleoli on both sides.
Buttock (Tun): The large muscle mass below the Shen and beside the sacrum.
Sacrum (Kao Gu): Five vertebral segments from the 17th to the 21st vertebra below the lumbar bone.
Tailbone (Wei Lu/Duan Gu/Jue Gu/Qiong Gu): On the sides of the纹路 of the upper four segments, there are four holes on the left and right. The bone is concave like a tile, about 4-5 cun long, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The terminal segment is smaller, resembling the rhizome of ginseng. It is named Wei Lu, also Duan Duan, Jue Gu, or Qiong Gu. It is located behind the anus.
Hip Bone (Kua Gu): On the upper outer sides of this bone, shaped like a horse's hoof, attaching to the upper ends of the malleoli, commonly known as the hip bone.
Anus (Gang): The lower outlet of the large intestine.
Pubic Bone (Xia Heng Gu): Below the malleolus and Jian bone, below the lower abdomen. Its shape resembles a cover, hence the name "Gai Gu."
This bone has two large holes on the left and right:
The upper branches extend backward. The head is about one cun below an open fan, attaching to the sacrum at the horse-hoof-shaped area, named Malleolus (referring to iliac structures in ancient texts);
The lower branches extend forward. The end resembles a pillar (Jian), located within the buttocks, named Jian Bone. Together with the sacrum, they form a tripod stance, serving as the main bone for sitting. In women, it is called the "Jiao Gu" (interlocking bone).
The surface of this bone is named Kua. The area flanking the Kua is named Ji, also Pi Shu. It connects externally to the femur (Bi Gu), which is the location of the Huantiao acupoint. This single bone has five names.
Thigh (Gu): The general term for the two major branches of the lower body, commonly known as the "da tui" (big thigh).
Knee (Xi): The junction of the upper and lower segments of the lower leg is named the knee.
[Missing Character] Bone: The bone below the knee, the major bone of the tibia.
Femur (Bi Gu): The large bone above the knee. The upper end is pestle-shaped, connecting to the Bi Shu (hip joint); the lower end is hammer-shaped, connecting to the [Tibia] bone.
[Tibia] Bone (Cheng Gu/Fu Gu): Commonly known as the "jing jing gu." This bone consists of two roots. The anterior one is named Cheng Gu, also [Tibia] Bone, thick in shape, and is the prominent bone on the lateral side of the knee. The posterior one is named Fu Gu, thin in shape, and is the small bone on the medial side of the knee.
Futu: The muscle rising from the front of the femur above the knee, resembling a lying rabbit, hence named Futu.
Knee Joint (Xi Jie): The joint space of the knee.
Patella (Bin Gu): The covering bone above the knee.
Lian Hai: The two high bones on the lateral side of the knee.
Popliteal Fossa (Guo): The flexure at the back of the knee, commonly known as the "tui ao" (leg hollow).
Gastrocnemius (Fei Chang): The calf of the lower leg, also named Fei Chang, commonly known as the "xiao tui du" (small leg belly).
Malleolus (Huai Gu): Below the [Fibula], above the tarsus, the prominent high bones on both sides. The lateral one is the lateral malleolus, and the medial one is the medial malleolus.
Foot (Zu): The organ of the lower body used for walking, commonly known as "jiao" (foot).
Dorsum of Foot (Fu Gu): The back of the foot, also named Zu Fu, commonly known as the "jiao mian" (foot surface).
Tarsal Bones (Fu Gu): The numerous bones at the base of the toe phalanges.
Sole of Foot (Zu Xin): The center of the heel.
Calcaneus (Gen Gu): The bone at the root of the heel.
Toe (Zhi): The digits of the foot. There are five. They are named Zhi to distinguish them from the hands.
The largest one on the medial side is named the Hallux (Da Zhi).
The second digit is named the Secondary Toe of the Hallux.
The third digit is named the Middle Toe.
The fourth digit is named the Secondary Toe of the Little Toe.
The smallest one on the lateral side is named the Little Toe.
The phalangeal joints of the foot are the same as those of the hand.
After the proximal phalanx of the hallux, the round bone on the medial side, named He Gu.
San Mao: Three hairs behind the nail of the big toe; the transverse crease behind the hairs is called Ju Mao.
Heel (Zhong): The part of the sole that touches the ground, commonly known as the "jiao di ban" (foot bottom board).