病阳明之燥热而消渴者，白虎汤主之。此外因之渴也。胃气弱而津液不生者，人参汤主之。此内因之
渴也。有脾不能为胃行其津液，肺不能通调水道，而为消渴者，人但知以凉润之药治渴，不知脾喜燥而肺
恶寒。试观泄泻者必渴，此因水津不能上输，而惟下泄故尔。以燥脾之药治之，水液上升，即不渴矣。故
以凉润治渴，人皆知之，以燥热治渴，人所不知也。
咳者，肺证也。有邪在皮毛而为肺咳者，有五脏受邪，各传与之肺而为咳者。此外因之咳也。有寒饮
食入胃，从肺脉上至于肺，则肺寒而咳者；有脏腑之郁热，上蒸于肺而为咳者。此内因之咳也。盖肺者，五
脏之长也，轻清而华盖于上，是以脏腑之病，皆能上传于肺而为咳。然其标见于肺，而其本在于脏腑之
间，故当以标本之法兼而行之，治无不应矣。《咳
论》曰∶肺咳之状，咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血。心咳之状，咳则心痛，喉仲介介如梗状，甚则咽肿喉痹。
肝咳之状，咳则两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两 下满。脾咳之状，咳则右胁下痛，阴阴引肩背，甚则
不可以动，动则咳剧。肾咳之状，咳则肩背相引而痛，甚则咳涎。胃咳之状，咳而呕，呕甚则长虫出。
胆咳之状，咳呕苦汁。大肠咳状，咳而遗矢。小肠咳状，咳而失气，气与咳俱失。膀胱咳状，咳而遗溺。
三焦咳状，咳而腹满，不欲食饮。
因阳明经燥热所致消渴的，用白虎汤主治。这是外因引起的口渴。胃气虚弱导致津液无法生成的，用人参汤主治。这是内因引起的口渴。有脾脏不能为胃传输津液，肺脏不能通调水道，从而引发消渴的，人们只知道用清凉滋润的药物来治疗口渴，却不知道脾脏喜欢干燥而肺脏厌恶寒冷。试看那些患泄泻的人必定会感到口渴，这是因为水谷精微不能向上输布，反而向下泄漏的缘故。如果用燥湿健脾的药物来治疗，水液得以上升，就不会感到口渴了。因此，用清凉滋润的方法治疗口渴，人们都知道；但用温燥热的药物来治疗口渴，人们却不知晓。
咳嗽，是肺部的病证。有邪气在皮毛而引发肺咳的，有五脏受邪气侵袭，各自传变给肺而导致咳嗽的。这是外因引起的咳嗽。有寒凉饮食进入胃中，沿着肺脉上行至肺，导致肺寒而咳嗽的；有脏腑郁积的热气，向上熏蒸于肺而导致咳嗽的。这是内因引起的咳嗽。大概肺是五脏的首长，性质轻清，像华盖一样覆盖在上部，所以脏腑的疾病，都能上传到肺而引发咳嗽。然而其表象见于肺，而其根本在于脏腑之间，所以应当采用标本兼治的方法同时施行，治疗没有不奏效的。《咳论》说：肺咳的症状，咳嗽且喘息有声，严重时唾血。心咳的症状，咳嗽时心痛，喉咙中有异物感如梗塞状，严重时咽喉肿痛、喉痹。肝咳的症状，咳嗽时两侧胁下疼痛，严重时身体不能转动，转动时两侧胁下胀满。脾咳的症状，咳嗽时右胁下疼痛，隐隐作痛牵引肩背，严重时不能活动，活动则咳嗽加剧。肾咳的症状，咳嗽时肩背相互牵引而痛，严重时咳出涎沫。胃咳的症状，咳嗽且呕吐，呕吐严重时蛔虫吐出。胆咳的症状，咳嗽并呕出苦水。大肠咳的症状，咳嗽且大便失禁。小肠咳的症状，咳嗽且排气，气体随咳嗽一起排出。膀胱咳的症状，咳嗽且遗尿。三焦咳的症状，咳嗽且腹部胀满，不想饮食。
For Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) caused by dryness-heat in the Yangming channel, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is the primary treatment. This is thirst arising from external causes. For thirst resulting from weak Stomach Qi failing to generate body fluids, Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction) is the primary treatment. This is thirst arising from internal causes. In cases where the Spleen fails to transport fluids for the Stomach, and the Lung fails to regulate water passages, leading to Xiao Ke, people only know to treat thirst with cooling and moistening herbs, unaware that the Spleen prefers dryness and the Lung dislikes cold. Observe those suffering from diarrhea; they inevitably feel thirsty because fluid essence cannot ascend but instead leaks downward. By treating with herbs that dry dampness and strengthen the Spleen, fluids rise, and the thirst ceases. Thus, while everyone knows to treat thirst with cooling and moistening methods, few know to treat it with warming and drying methods.
Cough is a disease manifestation of the Lung. There are cases where pathogens remain in the skin and hair, causing Lung cough; there are cases where the Five Zang Organs receive pathogens and transmit them to the Lung, causing cough. These are coughs arising from external causes. There are cases where cold food and drink enter the Stomach and travel up via the Lung meridian to the Lung, causing Lung cold and cough; there are cases where stagnant heat within the Zang-Fu organs steams upward to the Lung, causing cough. These are coughs arising from internal causes. The Lung is the chief of the Five Zang Organs, possessing a light and clear nature, acting as a canopy over the upper body. Therefore, diseases of the Zang-Fu organs can all transmit upward to the Lung, causing cough. Although the branch manifestations appear in the Lung, the root lies among the Zang-Fu organs. Thus, one should employ both root and branch treatment strategies simultaneously, and no case will fail to respond. The *Treatise on Cough* states: The presentation of Lung cough involves coughing with wheezing and audible sounds, and in severe cases, expectoration of blood. The presentation of Heart cough involves coughing accompanied by heart pain, a sensation of obstruction in the throat as if something were stuck, and in severe cases, swollen throat and Bi syndrome (obstruction) of the throat. The presentation of Liver cough involves pain under the hypochondrium upon coughing, and in severe cases, inability to turn the body; turning causes fullness under the hypochondrium. The presentation of Spleen cough involves pain under the right hypochondrium upon coughing, dull pain radiating to the shoulder and back, and in severe cases, inability to move; movement exacerbates the cough. The presentation of Kidney cough involves pulling pain between the shoulder and back upon coughing, and in severe cases, expectoration of saliva. The presentation of Stomach cough involves coughing and vomiting; in severe cases, roundworms may be expelled. The presentation of Gallbladder cough involves coughing and vomiting bitter fluid. The presentation of Large Intestine cough involves coughing with fecal incontinence. The presentation of Small Intestine cough involves coughing with flatus, where gas is expelled along with the cough. The presentation of Bladder cough involves coughing with urinary incontinence. The presentation of Sanjiao (Triple Burner) cough involves coughing with abdominal fullness and loss of appetite.