Qian Zhongyang stated: The Lung governs asthma. In excess patterns, symptoms include chest fullness, restlessness, rapid breathing, or a desire to drink water; in deficiency patterns, symptoms include choking gasps, short exhalations, and shortness of breath. If Lung Qi is excessive and further complicated by Wind-Cold invasion, symptoms such as chest distension, urgency of breath, coughing, and wheezing occur; treat with Xiebai San (White Deficiency-Draining Decoction). Lung Heat manifests as the infant scratching the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and face; treat with Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction). Lung Yin deficiency with Heat presents with deep red lips; use a small dose of Xiebai San. Lung Qi timidity presents with white lips; treat with Ejiao San (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction). If there is chest fullness, restlessness, coarse breathing, wheezing, and choking gasps, it is difficult to treat. For chronic Lung disease with white lips, this indicates a dual deficiency of the Spleen and Lung (mother and child organs). If the lip color is white like lard, it is auspicious; if white like dry bone, it is fatal. If Lung disease appears in Spring, it indicates Lung Metal overcoming Liver Wood; treat the Liver and Kidney with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) and the Lung with Xiebai San. Pale cyan eyes indicate an inevitable onset of convulsions; if accompanied by redness, twitching will occur, due to Liver Qi timidity. Furthermore, Zhang Jiegu stated: The Lung governs Dryness. Self-disease of the Lung results in coughing and wheezing; Dryness should be treated with moistening methods. If Heart Fire invades the Lung, it is called "Thief Evil"; if Liver Wood invades the Lung, it is called "Minor Evil"; if Kidney Water invades the Lung, it is called "Excess Evil"; if Spleen Earth invades the Lung, it is called "Deficiency Evil". Whenever the Lung receives pathogenic factors, one must first observe the excess or deficiency of the Heart and Spleen. If Heart Fire scorches Lung Metal, suppress the Heart and nourish the Lung. If Spleen Qi is deficient and cold, failing to generate Lung Qi, leading to Lung Qi insufficiency, Wind pathogens are easily contracted; tonify the Spleen and Lung. If Spleen Excess causes middle-jiao stagnation and heat steams upward to the Lung, drain the Spleen Excess. If the Heart and Spleen are balanced but the Lung itself is diseased, investigate excess and deficiency to treat accordingly. I propose: For郁热 (depressed heat) in the Lung channel, use Xiebai San; for spontaneous Lung Qi deficiency, use Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction); for external pathogen invasion, use Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink); for blazing Heart Fire scorching the Lung, use Renshen Pingfei San (Ginseng Lung-Calming Powder); for middle-jiao excess stagnation, use Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction); when the Spleen fails to generate the Lung, use Yigong San (Extraordinary Merit Powder). What is termed "Lung Qi Excess" refers to the abundance of pathogenic factors within the Lung; the pulse at the Right Cun position will necessarily be floating and forceful; treat with Xiebai San to drain it. If there is Lung deficiency with Heat, adhering strictly to the theory that "Lung Heat injures the Lung" and omitting Ren Shen (Ginseng) would be erroneous; instead, treat according to specific symptoms.

Xiebai San: Resolves phlegm, stops cough, relieves chest qi stagnation, and promotes appetite.
Digupi (Cortex Lycii), Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori Radicis, stir-fried. Each 1 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried. 1 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 1-2 qian per dose, add 100 grains of Jingmi (Oryzae Sativae Semen), and decoct with water.

My commentary: The formula from *Huoren Shu* states: Asthma is caused by Lung Qi being excessive and surplus. However, "Qi excess" should be recognized as Qi deficiency, and "surplus" should be recognized as insufficiency. This is because what is termed Lung Qi excess is actually an abundance of Fire in the Lung; what is termed surplus is actually an abundance of pathogenic factors in the Lung. The pulse at the Right Cun position will necessarily be floating and forceful, and the right cheek may appear red; use the aforementioned medicine to drain it. Regarding the aforementioned conditions, if they arise because the nursing mother has caught Wind-Cold, causing latent Heat in the Lung channel which affects the infant, use Shensu Yin. If they arise because the nursing mother's diet of rich foods and alcohol has generated accumulated Heat affecting the infant, use Qingwei San (Stomach-Clearing Powder).

Ganjie Tang: Treats wind-heat attacking upwards causing sore throat, and Hou Bi (throat obstruction) causing chest stuffiness.
Kujing (Radix Platycodonis. 1 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, stir-fried. 2 liang).
Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with water.

Ejiao San: Treats cough and urgent wheezing due to Lung deficiency, or coughing with choking gasps and sounds in the throat.
Ejiao (Corium Asini, stir-fried with clam powder. 1 liang), Shuniuzi (Fructus Arctii, stir-fried until fragrant. 2 qian 5 fen), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried. 1 qian), Maodouling (Fructus Aristolochiae. Half liang, stir-fried), Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, peeled and tips removed. 7 pieces), Nuomi (Oryzae Sativae Semen Glutinosis. 1 liang).
Take 1-2 qian per dose, decoct with water.

My commentary: The above formulas directly treat Lung Metal. The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "In deficiency, tonify its mother." If the above medicines do not yield results, use Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Extraordinary Merit Powder) to tonify the Spleen.
Dihuang Wan (Formula see Kidney section)
Sijunzi Tang (Formula see Neidiao section)
Shensu Yin (Formula see Zhu Re section)
Renshen Pingfei San (Formula see Cough section)
Da Chengqi Tang (Formula see Shanghan Biao-Li section)
Yigong San
Qingwei San (Two formulas see Tiandiao, Neidiao sections)