论曰∶消渴之病，其来有二，或少服五石汤丸，恣欲不节，不待年高气血衰耗，石性独
存，火烈焦槁，精血涸竭，其状渴而肌肉消。又有积久饮酒，酒性酷热，熏蒸五脏，津液枯
燥而血涩，其状渴而肉不消。如解五石毒者，宜罂粟汤。欲止渴者，宜菟丝子丸。大渴而加
烦热者，宜马通散、栝蒌粉。
罂粟汤（见前痹证门。）
菟丝子丸
菟丝子（不计多少，拣净，水淘，酒浸三宿）
上控干，乘润捣，罗为散，焙干，再为细末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大。食前饮下五十粒
一日二三服，或作散，饮调下三钱。《琐碎录》云∶用酒侵晒于日中，
三两日一换酒，用时洗去酒，浓煎汤饮。
马通散（方缺。）
栝蒌粉（方缺。）
若其人素渴饮水，一旦不饮不渴，小便日夜数十行，气乏肉消脱，此消中，肾气败也，
茱萸丸主之。
茱萸丸
苁蓉（洗，切，酒浸，焙） 五味子（炒） 山茱萸 干山药（等分）
上为末，酒糊为丸，如梧桐子大。饮下三十粒，空心服。
论曰∶黄胆之病，皆属于脾，脾属土而色黄，恶湿，湿胜则土气不行而郁，故发则真色
见。盖黄胆本得之湿，瘀热在里，湿热相搏，身必发黄。若先有留热，而后为湿气所加，则
热多而湿少，治之先导其热。若先为湿气所乘，而后有热，则湿多而热少，治之先去其湿，
去其湿，则热从而去。亦有因冷痞结，阴加于阳，上下气不通，而脾气不行，则阴气郁而生
湿，其状胸中痞，呕逆，时恶寒，当先除痞，利其小便，则湿自去，脉洪大，大便利加渴者
死。脉微小，小便不利，不渴则生。若病患一身悉黄，四肢微肿，胸满不得卧，汗出如黄柏
汁，此由大汗出，卒入水中所致，苦酒汤主之。
苦酒汤
黄 （五两） 芍药 桂心（取心，各三两）
上为散。每服五钱，水二盏半，苦酒半盏，同煎至一盏，去滓温服。
若因他病未除，忽然一身面目悉黄如橘，瘀热在里也，或因大热以冷水洗之，湿热相搏
熏蒸肌肉，谓之黄胆，柏皮汤主之，茵陈五苓散主之。
柏皮汤
黄柏 黄连 黄芩（各等分）
上为散。每服五钱，水二盏，煎至一盏，去滓温服。
茵陈五苓散
茵陈（一两） 猪苓 茯苓 白术（炒，各十八铢） 泽泻（一两半） 桂心（半两）
上为散。每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓温服。
若心下懊痛，足膝胫满，小便黄，面发赤斑，由大醉当风入水，湿加于热，内蒸脾气，
谓之酒疸。治属饮家，茯苓半夏汤主之。
茯苓半夏汤
茯苓（四两） 半夏（二钱半，汤洗七遍） 旋复花（三钱） 甘遂（锉末，炒，一钱）
上 咀，水二盏，煎至一盏，去滓，将甘遂末分二服，用药汁半盏调服，以利为度。
若脉浮腹满欲呕吐者，先吐之，瓜蒂散主之。脉沉，腹满，大便秘，先利之，大黄丸主
之。
瓜蒂散
瓜蒂 赤小豆 秫米（等分）
上为细末。粥饮调方寸匕，以吐为度。
大黄丸
大黄（煨） 葶苈（各等分）
上为细末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大。蜜汤下十粒，以利为度。
论述说：消渴病，其病因主要有两种。一种是少时服用五石汤或药丸，纵欲无度，未等到年老气血自然衰耗，由于石药的特性独存体内，火性猛烈导致身体焦枯，精血枯竭，症状表现为口渴且肌肉消瘦。另一种是长期饮酒，酒性酷热，熏蒸五脏，导致津液干枯、血液涩滞，症状表现为口渴但肌肉不消瘦。如果要解除五石毒，适宜使用罂粟汤。想要止渴的，适宜使用菟丝子丸。极度口渴并伴有烦躁发热的，适宜使用马通散、栝蒌粉。
菟丝子丸
菟丝子（数量不限，拣选干净，用水淘洗，用酒浸泡三个夜晚）
以上药物控干水分，趁湿润时捣碎，过筛成为散剂，焙干后再次研磨成细末，用炼蜜调和制成丸药，大小如梧桐子。饭前用温水送服五十粒，每日二至三次服用，或者做成散剂，用温水调服三钱。《琐碎录》记载：将酒浸泡后在阳光下晒干，每隔两三天更换一次酒，使用时洗净去除酒味，浓煎汤剂饮用。
如果这个人平时口渴饮水，突然有一天不喝水也不觉得渴，小便日夜几十次，气虚乏力、肌肉消瘦脱失，这是消中症，属于肾气败坏，由茱萸丸主治。
茱萸丸
肉苁蓉（清洗，切片，酒浸，焙干） 五味子（炒制） 山茱萸 干山药（各等分）
以上药物研为细末，用酒糊制作成丸药，大小如梧桐子。空腹时用水送服三十粒。
论述说：黄疸病，都归属于脾，脾属土而颜色黄，厌恶湿气，湿气盛则土气运行不畅而郁结，所以发病时真色显露。大概黄疸本是由于湿气引起，瘀热在体内，湿热相互搏结，身体必然发黄。如果先有滞留的热邪，而后被湿气侵袭，则热多湿少，治疗时应先导泄热邪。如果先被湿气侵袭，而后产生热邪，则湿多热少，治疗时应先去除湿邪，去除了湿邪，热邪随之而去。也有因为冷痞结聚，阴邪加于阳位，上下气机不通，导致脾气不行，从而阴气郁结而生湿，症状表现为胸中痞塞、呕吐逆气、时常恶寒，应当先消除痞块，通利小便，则湿气自去。脉象洪大，大便通畅却口渴的，预后不良（死证）。脉象微小，小便不利，口不渴的，预后良好（生证）。如果病人全身都发黄，四肢轻微肿胀，胸部胀满不能平卧，汗出像黄柏汁一样，这是由于大汗出后突然进入水中所致，由苦酒汤主治。
苦酒汤
黄芪（五两） 芍药 桂心（取桂枝中心部分，各三两）
以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，加水二盏半，醋半盏，共同煎煮至一盏，去渣滓温服。
如果因为其他疾病未除，突然全身面目都发黄如橘子色，这是瘀热在体内，或者因为高热时用冷水洗浴，湿热相互搏结熏蒸肌肉，称为黄疸，由柏皮汤主治，茵陈五苓散主治。
柏皮汤
黄柏 黄连 黄芩（各等分）
以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，加水二盏，煎煮至一盏，去渣滓温服。
茵陈五苓散
茵陈（一两） 猪苓 茯苓 白术（炒制，各十八铢） 泽泻（一两半） 桂心（半两）
以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，加水一盏半，煎煮至一盏，去渣滓温服。
如果心下懊恼疼痛，足膝和小腿胀满，小便黄，面部出现红斑，这是由于大醉后当风入水，湿气加于热邪之上，内蒸脾气，称为酒疸。治疗属于饮家范畴，由茯苓半夏汤主治。
茯苓半夏汤
茯苓（四两） 半夏（二钱半，汤洗七遍） 旋复花（三钱） 甘遂（锉成末，炒制，一钱）
以上药物切碎，加水二盏，煎煮至一盏，去渣滓，将甘遂末分成两份，用药汁半盏调服，以腹泻为度。
如果脉浮、腹部胀满、想呕吐的，先用吐法，由瓜蒂散主治。脉沉、腹部胀满、大便秘结的，先用下法，由大黄丸主治。
It is stated: The disease of Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) has two main origins. One is taking Wu Shi Tang (Five Minerals Decoction) or pills in one's youth, indulging in desires without restraint, so that before the natural decline of Qi and Blood due to old age, the nature of the minerals remains alone in the body; the fierce fire causes scorching and withering, depleting Essence and Blood, presenting as thirst and emaciation. The other is long-term accumulation of alcohol consumption; the intense heat of wine steams the Five Viscera, causing dryness of Body Fluids and stagnation of Blood, presenting as thirst but without muscle emaciation. To resolve the toxicity of Five Minerals, Ying Su Tang (Poppy Decoction) is suitable. To stop thirst, Tu Si Zi Wan (Dodder Seed Pill) is suitable. For extreme thirst accompanied by irritability and fever, Ma Tong San (Horse Manure Powder) and Gua Lou Fen (Trichosanthes Root Powder) are suitable.
Ying Su Tang (See Bi Zheng section above).
Tu Si Zi Wan
Tu Si Zi (Cuscutae Semen, Dodder Seed) (Quantity unspecified, selected clean, washed with water, soaked in Jiu [Alcohol] for three nights)
Drain the liquid, pound while moist, sieve into powder, bake until dry, then grind into fine powder. Mix with Lian Mi (Refined Honey) to form pills the size of Wutong seeds. Take fifty pills with warm water before meals, two or three times a day. Alternatively, take as powder, mixed with water, three Qian. *Suo Sui Lu* states: Soak in wine and sun-dry, changing the wine every two or three days. When using, wash off the wine residue, decoct strongly with water, and drink the soup.
Ma Tong San (Formula missing.)
Gua Lou Fen (Formula missing.)
If a person who is usually thirsty and drinks water suddenly finds they do not drink nor feel thirsty, urinating dozens of times day and night, with Qi deficiency, muscle wasting, and depletion, this is Xiao Zhong (Middle Wasting), indicating failure of Shen Qi (Kidney Qi), treated by Zhu Yu Wan (Cornelian Cherry Pill).
Zhu Yu Wan
Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche Caulis, Cistanche Stem) (Washed, sliced, soaked in Jiu, baked) Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus, Schisandra Berry) (Stir-fried) Shan Zhu Yu (Cornelian Cherry Fruit) Gan Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Yam Rhizome) (Equal parts)
Grind all into powder, mix with Jiu Hu (Alcohol Paste) to form pills the size of Wutong seeds. Take thirty pills with water on an empty stomach.
It is stated: Huang Dan (Jaundice) diseases all belong to Pi (Spleen). Pi belongs to Earth and its color is yellow; it dislikes Dampness. When Dampness prevails, Earth Qi fails to circulate and becomes stagnant, thus the true color appears upon onset. Generally, Huang Dan originates from Dampness, with Stagnant Heat inside the interior. When Damp-Heat struggle together, the body must turn yellow. If there was pre-existing retained Heat, followed by invasion of Dampness, then Heat is abundant and Dampness is scarce; treatment should first guide out the Heat. If invaded by Dampness first, followed by Heat, then Dampness is abundant and Heat is scarce; treatment should first remove the Dampness. Removing Dampness leads to the removal of Heat. There are also cases caused by Cold Pi (Glomus/Fullness) knotting, where Yin adds to Yang, blocking Qi circulation between upper and lower, causing Pi Qi to fail to move, leading to Yin Qi stagnation generating Dampness. Symptoms include chest fullness and obstruction, vomiting and counterflow, occasional aversion to cold. One should first remove the Pi, promote urination, and the Dampness will naturally leave. If the pulse is Hong Da (Surging and Large), stool is loose, yet there is thirst, the prognosis is fatal. If the pulse is Wei Xiao (Minute and Small), urination is difficult, and there is no thirst, the prognosis is favorable. If the patient's whole body is completely yellow, limbs slightly swollen, chest full unable to lie flat, sweating like juice of Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark), this is caused by profuse sweating followed by sudden immersion in water, treated by Ku Jiu Tang (Vinegar Decoction).
Ku Jiu Tang
Huang Qi (Astragali Radix, Astragalus Root) (Five Liang) Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix, Peony Root) Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Medulla, Cinnamon Twig Pith) (Take the pith, each Three Liang)
Grind into powder. Each dose five Qian, add two and a half Zhan of water, half a Zhan of Ku Jiu (Vinegar), decoct together to one Zhan, remove dregs, and take warm.
If due to other diseases not yet resolved, suddenly the whole body and face turn yellow like an orange, this is Stagnant Heat in the interior. Or if caused by washing with cold water during high fever, where Damp-Heat struggle and steam the muscles, called Huang Dan, treated by Bai Pi Tang (Phellodendron Bark Decoction) and Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Artemisia Capillaris and Five-Ingredient Poria Powder).
Bai Pi Tang
Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, Phellodendron Bark) Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, Coptis Rhizome) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, Scutellaria Root) (Each equal parts)
Grind into powder. Each dose five Qian, add two Zhan of water, decoct to one Zhan, remove dregs, and take warm.
Yin Chen Wu Ling San
Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Wormwood Herb) Zhu Ling (Polyporus, Polyporus) Fu Ling (Poria, Poria) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Atractylodes Rhizome) (Stir-fried, each eighteen Zhu) Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma, Alisma Rhizome) (One and a half Liang) Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Medulla, Cinnamon Twig Pith) (Half Liang)
Grind into powder. Each dose five Qian, add one and a half Zhan of water, decoct to one Zhan, remove dregs, and take warm.
If there is mental restlessness and pain below the heart, fullness in feet, knees, and shins, yellow urine, and red spots on the face, this is due to heavy intoxication followed by exposure to wind and entering water. Dampness adds to Heat, steaming the Pi Qi internally, called Jiu Dan (Wine Jaundice). Treatment belongs to the category of Yin Jia (Fluid Retention Syndromes), treated by Fu Ling Ban Xia Tang (Poria and Pinellia Decoction).
Fu Ling Ban Xia Tang
Fu Ling (Poria, Poria) (Four Liang) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinellia Tuber) (Two and a half Qian, washed seven times with boiling water) Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos, Inula Flower) (Three Qian) Gan Sui (Kansui Radix, Kansui Root) (Crushed into powder, stir-fried, one Qian)
Cut into pieces, add two Zhan of water, decoct to one Zhan, remove dregs. Divide the Gan Sui powder into two doses, mix with half a Zhan of the medicinal liquid to take, stopping when diarrhea occurs.
If the pulse is Fu (Floating), abdomen is full, and there is desire to vomit, induce vomiting first, treated by Gua Di San (Momordica Seed Powder). If the pulse is Chen (Deep), abdomen is full, and stool is constipated, purge first, treated by Da Huang Wan (Rhubarb Pill).
Gua Di San
Gua Di (Momordicae Fructus, Momordica Fruit) Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) Shu Mi (Milii Fructus, Sorghum Grain) (Equal parts)
Grind into fine powder. Mix with congee liquid, take one Cun Bi (square-inch spoonful), stopping when vomiting occurs.
Da Huang Wan
Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rhubarb Root) Ting Li (Lepidii Semen, Lepidium Seed) (Equal parts)
Grind into fine powder, mix with Lian Mi (Refined Honey) to form pills the size of Wutong seeds. Take ten pills with honey water, stopping when diarrhea occurs.