温毒神昏舌绎,丹疹如锦,烦躁咽痛,鼻媒齿
枯,脉数而促,此邪郁内外。宜用犀角地黄汤加元
参、连翘、人中黄、蝉衣、青竹叶、薄荷、牛黄丸
等味,凉血清热也。
丹疹咽痛,邪尚在肺:神昏舌绎,邪又犯营。若不清营
透邪,病何由解?况鼻煤脉促,阴液大伤,血分被灼,痉厥
之变近在目前。故用犀角、生地、丹皮、赤芍凉血,元参、
连翘、人中黄透斑,薄荷、蝉衣透表,牛黄、竹青清心,俾
营热转气,以达肌表,则斑可化矣。
温毒烦躁,神昏舌赤,斑疹紫黑,脉促模糊,便
闭或泻稀水,此邪瘀血分,漫无泄越。宜用犀角大
黄汤加元参心、连翘心、紫草、赤芍,鲜菖蒲,紫
雪丹等味,凉血祛瘀也。
前条气血兼病,此条热与血瘀,非徒凉血清热可解。若
勿用犀角、生地凉血,大黄逐涤,黄连清心,升麻透斑,元
参、连翘化斑,紫草、赤芍行血,紫雪丹清心化毒,俾气血
上下一齐分清,否则邪无出路,而势必危矣。再按便闭腹
硬,原宜攻下,然亦有下利稀水,而臭秽异常,少腹仍兼硬
痛,此仲景所谓协热下利,又谓热结旁流。盖因燥矢坚凝,
秽水旁流,水虽下而结矢未下,仍宜调胃承气汤攻之。偿得
结矢一下,旁流自也,毌谓大便既泄,而禁甩攻法,学者详
之。
温毒病出现神志昏迷、舌体卷缩,皮肤出现如锦缎般鲜艳的丹疹,伴有烦躁不安、咽喉疼痛,鼻孔干燥发黑、牙齿枯槁,脉象数而急促,这是邪气郁结于体内和体表。适宜使用犀角地黄汤加入玄参、连翘、人中黄、蝉蜕、青竹叶、薄荷、牛黄丸等药物,以凉血清热。
若仅有丹疹和咽喉疼痛,说明邪气仍在肺经;若出现神志昏迷和舌体卷缩,说明邪气又侵犯了营分。如果不清解营分热邪并透达外邪,疾病如何能解除?况且鼻孔发黑、脉象急促,表明阴液受到严重损伤,血分被热邪灼伤,发生抽搐和厥逆的变证就在眼前。因此使用犀角、生地黄、牡丹皮、赤芍来凉血,玄参、连翘、人中黄来透发斑疹,薄荷、蝉蜕来透达表邪,牛黄、竹茹(此处原文为竹青,指青竹叶或竹沥,结合语境及常见配伍,通常指清热化痰开窍之品,此处依原文译作青竹叶/竹沥之意,但为保持术语一致性,保留“青竹叶”或译为竹类清热药,鉴于WHO标准中无直接对应“竹青”,此处意译为Green Bamboo Leaf)清心火,使得营分的热邪转化为气分热邪,从而到达肌表,这样斑疹就可以化解了。
温毒病出现烦躁、神志昏迷、舌头红赤,斑疹颜色紫黑,脉象急促且模糊不清,大便闭塞不通或者泻下稀水,这是邪气瘀阻在血分,没有宣泄的途径。适宜使用犀角大黄汤加入玄参心、连翘心、紫草、赤芍、鲜石菖蒲、紫雪丹等药物,以凉血祛瘀。
前一条论述的是气血同时患病,这一条论述的是热邪与血瘀并存,不仅仅靠凉血清热就能解决。如果不使用犀角、生地黄凉血,大黄逐除瘀滞,黄连清心火,升麻透发斑疹,玄参、连翘化解斑疹,紫草、赤芍行血散瘀,紫雪丹清心解毒,使得气和血上下同时分清,否则邪气没有出路,病情势必危险。另外按察:大便闭塞腹部坚硬,原本适宜攻下,但也有腹泻稀水,气味异常臭秽,小腹部仍然兼有硬痛的情况,这是张仲景所说的“协热下利”,也称为“热结旁流”。这是因为燥屎坚硬凝结,污秽的水液从旁边流出,虽然水液向下排出,但燥屎并未排出,仍然适宜用调胃承气汤攻下。如果能使燥屎一下,旁流自然停止,不要认为既然已经泄泻,就禁止使用攻下法,学者们要详细考察这一点。
In Warm-Toxin disease, if there is coma and tongue retraction (tongue curling), danzhen (scarlet rashes) resembling brocade, irritability, sore throat, blackened dry nostrils, withered teeth, a rapid and hurried pulse, this indicates pathogenic factors constrained internally and externally. It is appropriate to use Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) added with Yuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Renzhonghuang (Human Manure Yellow), Chanyi (Cicadae Periostracum), Qingzhuye (Green Bamboo Leaf), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), and Niuhuang Wan (Calculus Bovis Pill), etc., to cool the blood and clear heat.
If there are only danzhen and sore throat, the pathogen remains in the Lung; if there is coma and tongue retraction, the pathogen has also invaded the Ying (Nutritive) level. If one does not clear the Ying level and vent the pathogen, how can the disease be resolved? Moreover, blackened nostrils and a hurried pulse indicate severe injury of Yin fluids, burning of the Blood level, and imminent changes of convulsion and syncope. Therefore, Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), and Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) are used to cool the blood; Yuanshen, Lianqiao, and Renzhonghuang are used to vent the rash; Bohe and Chanyi are used to vent the exterior; Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) and Zhuqing (Green Bamboo Juice/Leaf) are used to clear the Heart. This allows Ying-heat to transform into Qi-level heat and reach the muscle surface, so that the rash can resolve.
In Warm-Toxin disease, if there is irritability, coma, red tongue, purple-black macules and papules, a hurried and indistinct pulse, constipation or diarrhea of watery stool, this indicates pathogenic stasis in the Blood level with no outlet for discharge. It is appropriate to use Xijiao Dahuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rhubarb Decoction) added with Yuanshenxin (Center of Scrophulariae Radix), Lianqiaoxin (Center of Forsythiae Fructus), Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Lithospermi Radix), Chishao, Xianchangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), and Zixue Dan (Purple Snow Pill), etc., to cool the blood and remove stasis.
The previous clause discusses simultaneous disease of Qi and Blood; this clause discusses heat combined with blood stasis, which cannot be resolved merely by cooling blood and clearing heat. If one does not use Xijiao and Shengdi to cool the blood, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) to purge stasis, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to clear the Heart, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) to vent the rash, Yuanshen and Lianqiao to resolve the rash, Zicao and Chishao to promote blood circulation, and Zixue Dan to clear the Heart and resolve toxicity, allowing Qi and Blood to be distinguished clearly both above and below, otherwise the pathogen will have no exit, and the condition will inevitably become critical. Furthermore, regarding constipation with abdominal hardness, purgation is originally indicated. However, there are cases of diarrhea with watery stool that is exceptionally foul-smelling, accompanied by hardness and pain in the lower abdomen. This is what Zhang Zhongjing referred to as "Xiere xiali" (Diarrhea accompanying heat), also known as "Rejie pangliu" (Heat accumulation with paralogous flow). This is due to hard fecal impaction causing foul water to flow around it. Although water flows down, the impacted feces remain, so it is still appropriate to use Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Order the Stomach Decoction) or Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction - *Note: Text says Tiaowei Chengqi Tang*) to purge. Once the impacted feces are discharged, the paralogous flow will stop naturally. One should not assume that because diarrhea has occurred, purgation is contraindicated. Scholars should examine this carefully.