治伤寒温热病，表里未解，头痛发热，口燥咽干，烦渴饮水，或水入即吐，或小便不利，及汗出表解，
烦渴不止者，宜服之。又治霍乱吐利，烦渴引饮之证。
泽泻（二两五钱） 猪苓 茯苓 白术（以上各一两五钱） 桂（一两）
上为细末，每服二钱，热汤调下，不计时候，服讫，多饮热汤，有汗出即愈。
又治瘀热在里，身热黄疽，浓煎茵陈蒿汤调下，食前服之。
如疽发渴，及中暑引饮，亦可用水调服之。
《至真要大论》云∶“湿上甚而热，治以苦温，佐以甘辛，以汗为故而止。”“以淡泄之”。得其法
者，分轻重而制方。《金匮要略》云∶“腰以上肿，当发汗乃愈”；“腰以下肿者，当利小便”。由是“大病瘥后，
从腰以下有水气者，牡蛎泽泻散主之。”又云∶治湿不利小便，非其治也，制五苓散以利之。孙真人
疗肤革肿，以五皮散，乃述类象形之故也。《水热穴论》云∶上为喘呼，下为肿满，不得卧者，标本俱
病，制神秘汤以去之。《活人书》云∶“均是水气，干呕微利，发热而咳，为表有水，小青龙汤加芫花主
之。身体凉，表证罢，咳而胁下痛，为里有水，十枣汤主之。”亦是仲景方也。易水张先生云，仲景药
为万世法，号群方之祖，治杂病若神，后之医家，宗《内经》法，学仲景心，可以为师矣。
治疗伤寒和温热病，表证与里证均未解除，出现头痛、发热，口燥咽干，心烦口渴想喝水，或者水喝进去立刻吐出，或者小便不通畅，以及出汗后表证已解但心烦口渴仍不止的情况，适宜服用本方。又用于治疗霍乱引起的呕吐和下利，伴有烦渴想喝水的症状。
泽泻（二两五钱） 猪苓 茯苓 白术（以上各一两五钱） 桂枝（一两）
将上述药材研成细末，每次服用二钱，用热开水调服，不限时间。服药后，多喝热开水，若出汗则病愈。
又用于治疗瘀热郁结在体内，身体发热并出现黄疸的情况，用浓煎的茵陈蒿汤送服本方粉末，在饭前服用。
如果黄疸发作且口渴，以及中暑引致想喝水的情况，也可以用水调服本方。
《素问·至真要大论》说：“湿气在上而兼有热邪，用苦温药治疗，以甘辛药为辅佐，以出汗为痊愈的标志。”“用淡味药渗泄湿邪”。掌握这种方法的人，根据病情轻重来制定方剂。《金匮要略》说：“腰部以上浮肿，应当通过发汗来治愈”；“腰部以下浮肿者，应当通过利小便来治疗”。因此，“大病初愈后，腰部以下有水气停留的，用牡蛎泽泻散主治。”又说：治疗湿邪如果不通利小便，就不是正确的治疗方法，于是制定五苓散来通利小便。孙思邈治疗皮肤肿胀，使用五皮散，这是遵循取类比象的原则。《素问·水热穴论》说：“上部表现为喘促呼吸急促，下部表现为肿胀满闷，不能平卧的，是标和本都患病，制定神秘汤来去除病邪。”《活人书》说：“同样是水气病，若有干呕、轻微下利、发热且咳嗽，这是表有水气，用小青龙汤加芫花主治。如果身体凉爽，表证已罢，咳嗽且胁下疼痛，这是里有水气，用十枣汤主治。”这些也都是张仲景的方子。易水学派的张先生说，张仲景的药物是万世的法则，被称为群方之祖，治疗杂病如神，后世的医家，尊崇《内经》的法度，学习张仲景的心法，就可以成为老师了。
It is indicated for the treatment of Shanghan (Cold Damage) and warm-heat diseases, where both exterior and interior patterns remain unresolved, presenting with headache, fever, dry mouth and throat, irritability, thirst with desire to drink, or vomiting immediately after drinking water, or dysuria. It is also suitable for cases where sweating has resolved the exterior pattern but irritability and thirst persist. Furthermore, it treats Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) characterized by vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by irritability and intense thirst.
Zexie (Alisma Rhizoma, 2 liang 5 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus, 1 liang 5 qian), Fuling (Poria, 1 liang 5 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang 5 qian), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang).
Grind the above herbs into a fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with hot boiled water, at any time. After ingestion, drink plenty of hot water; recovery occurs when sweating ensues.
It is also used for treating stasis-heat confined within the interior, manifesting as fever and jaundice (Huangdu, Jaundice). In such cases, take the powder with strongly decocted Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction) before meals.
If jaundice is accompanied by thirst, or in cases of heatstroke with intense thirst, it can also be taken mixed with water.
The *Suwen: Zhenyao Dalun* states: "When dampness accumulates in the upper body with heat, treat with bitter-warm herbs, assisted by sweet-acrid herbs, stopping when sweating occurs." And: "Use bland herbs to drain dampness." Those who master this method formulate prescriptions according to the severity of the condition. The *Jinkui Yaolue* states: "For edema above the waist, induce sweating for cure"; "For edema below the waist, promote urination." Thus, "After a major illness, if there is fluid retention below the waist, Muli Zexie San (Oyster Shell and Alisma Powder) is the primary treatment." It further states: "To treat dampness without promoting urination is not the correct approach," hence Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) was formulated to promote urination. Sun Simiao treated skin and flesh edema using Wupi San (Five-Bark Powder), following the principle of taking analogy from shapes and categories. The *Suwen: Shuire Xuelun* states: "Upper manifestations include panting and labored breathing, lower manifestations include swelling and fullness, inability to lie flat; this indicates disease in both root and branch, treated with Shenmi Tang (Mysterious Secret Decoction) to eliminate the pathogen." The *Heren Shu* states: "In cases of fluid retention, if there is dry heaving, mild diarrhea, fever, and cough, it indicates exterior fluid retention, treated with Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) plus Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos). If the body is cool, exterior symptoms have ceased, and there is cough with pain under the ribs, it indicates interior fluid retention, treated with Shizao Tang (Ten Jujube Decoction)." These are also formulas of Zhang Zhongjing. Mr. Zhang from the Yishui School stated that Zhang Zhongjing's medicines are the eternal standard, hailed as the ancestor of all formulas, and his treatment of miscellaneous diseases is miraculous. Later physicians who revere the methods of the *Neijing* and learn the mindset of Zhang Zhongjing can become teachers.