疝 六经皆有风疝。疝者。痹气不行而聚起之谓。其脉必滑。而症必兼风者。疝症必动而聚。动则兼风。而聚则
为疝。故脉必滑也。然内经独拈任脉为病。男子内结七疝。女子带下瘕聚。则后世之言疝者本此。而疝亦不一也。有狐
疝。以其出入不常也。有 疝。以其顽肿不仁也。有冲疝。以其自少腹冲心而痛也。有厥疝。以积气在腹中而气逆为疝
也。有瘕疝。以少腹冤热而痛出白。名曰蛊者也。凡此诸疝症。皆病在中极之中。少腹之间总诸阴之会。而上于关元。
无不由任脉为之原。夫前阴少腹之间。乃足三阴阳明任冲督脉之所聚。故其疝症。又有少阳有余病筋瘅而及肝风疝者。
此少阳相火犯阴。伤筋而动肝木之风。因聚为肝疝者也。又太阳与肾风寒合邪伤阴而聚于肾为肾风疝。又厥阴有余病阴
痹。滑则病狐疝。厥阴位下焦。总诸筋。其气壅而不升。则阴痹。而脉见滑为狐风疝。盖诸症其来不一。而总见于任脉
之间。以任总诸阴之所聚故也。乃其症一由于热。一由于寒。一由于虚。一由于劳。而犯阴伤筋则同。故其病皆在阴。
其伤皆在筋。其动如风。其结如山。所以有疝之名也。后世妄立疝名。而不明其所由。若静究所以。则治法固可 然矣。
伏梁 经中有伏梁二种。皆居肓之原而当肠胃之外。连三阴冲带之间。一为裹大脓血。一为寒厥成积。以其伏而
在下。故名曰伏。强梁坚硬。故名曰梁。又以天枢之中。横居其际。故亦名为梁。其裹大脓血。在少腹上下左右。皆有
根系。延积既久。根结自深。其下行者。能下脓血。上行者。能迫胃脘。苟居脐上。则渐逼心肺。故为逆。唯居脐下者。
其势犹缓。故为从。此不易治。若妄攻以夺胃气。徒伤无益。而又害之也。一症身体髀 皆肿。环脐而痛。此亦在冲脉
之分。而结于脐腰。病在肓之原。所谓下气海也。其病为风根。即寒气而厥之成积者也。其积之成。使肾家水寒之气。
壅而不得行。故身体髀 皆肿。而又环脐痛也。此为阴阳之积。不当妄动妄下。妄下则愈伤其阴。阴伤则积气愈壅。而
水道不利矣。
狂 狂之为病。先自悲也。善忘善怒善恐。少卧不饥。已而自高贤也。自辨智也。自尊贵也。善骂詈。日夜不休。
又好歌乐。妄行不休。多食。善见鬼神。此则得之有所大恐大忧大喜失神之所致也。至若阳明之外感病。亦能发狂。上
屋登高而呼。弃衣而走。骂詈不避亲疏。此则邪并于阳则狂。亦曰重阳则狂也。然彼以心疾。此以热病。阳明为心君之
所居。热并其部。势必及之。故亦失神也。又以心肾不交。二阴二阳皆交。至病为肾之水窒而龙火逆上。与阳明之热交
并。亦能使神惑志失而为癫疾为狂。骂詈妄行。此所谓肾精不守。不能主里。使心火自焚也。又有所谓怒狂者。阳气因
暴折而难决。故善怒而狂。亦所谓阳厥也。治之以生铁落为之饮。且夺其食则病已。以夺食则不长气于阳。而铁落能下
气已。
癫 癫疾始生。先不乐。头重痛。视举目赤。啼呼喘悸。反僵而及骨与筋脉皆满。故骨颠疾者。 齿诸俞分肉皆
满而骨居。汗出烦冤。筋颠疾者。身卷挛急。脉颠疾者。暴仆四肢之脉皆胀而纵脉满。苦呕多沃沫。气下泄者皆不治。
颠颇与痫螈相似。而不同者。以无暂止也。大约肝病居多。先不乐。肝乘心也。头重痛。肝气上癫也。视举。肝之目系
急也。目赤。火也。啼呼喘悸。肝满乘心而惑志失神也。反僵则急在筋也。其筋骨脉皆满。则与痫螈同。但无止时耳。
乃脉大滑者。久自已。脉小坚急。死不治者。阳搏于阴。而脉滑阴犹盛也。故久自已。小坚急。肝之真藏见矣。故不治。
呕多。沃沫。气下泄者。呕多为胃气逆。沃沫为脾已弛。气下泄。则肾关已不守。二者俱无胃气。故死不治。又曰。虚
则可治。实则死。虚者谓脉缓而不坚急也。实则弦急生机绝矣。
痫 考内经痫症之条。二阴急为痫厥。心脉满大。痫螈筋挛。肝脉小急。痫螈筋挛。足少阴筋病生痫螈及痉。是
其症在肾气之厥。而邪伤在阴与筋也。肾气主少阴与枢。少阴逆而枢失则气塞于经而上行。少阴脉系舌本。塞则喉音隘
不容发。故声若羊豕。然经时必止者。气复反则已。是以不与颠同也。其为心脉满大而痫螈者。肾逆而心火郁。故满大。
逆于肝者。缘肝阴先不足而肾气逆之。故肝脉小急。亦痫螈筋挛。肝阴虚。故小。肾逆于肝。故急。凡痫必兼螈。而曰
二阴急为痫厥者。以少阴厥而后痫也。又阳维从少阴至太阳。动若肌肉痹及下部不仁。又若颠仆羊鸣。甚者失音。不能
言。阴维从少阳斜至厥阴。动若颠痫僵仆羊鸣失音。盖阳维维于诸阳。而从少阴至诸阳。是阴为阳根也。根出少阴。故
能维于诸阳。而少阴阴邪从而至于诸阳。故能塞诸阳之会。而动若肌痹不仁。又若颠痫羊鸣失音。失音者。少阴不至则
为喑也。阴维从少阳至厥阴。是阳为阴鼓也。动在少阳。故能鼓诸阳而为维。而少阳既衰。阴邪遂壅。亦能全塞诸阴之
会。而筋络相引。故亦动若癫痫僵仆羊鸣失音。此虽不拈少阴而厥阴之方。亦少阴之失枢也。观此则诸痫可以意识矣。
黄胆 疸以目黄。已食如饥。溺黄赤。安卧者。名曰黄胆。而论疾诊尺篇曰。身病而色微黄。齿垢黄。爪甲上黄。
黄胆也。然疸有三。其候心中热。足下热。为酒疸。已食如饥。善消谷食。为胃疸。所谓谷疸也。又有谷疸脉小而涩。
不嗜食者。言中寒也。其女劳疸者。额上黑。微汗出。手足中热。薄暮即发热。膀胱急。小便自利。女劳疸也。三疸证
稍异。而以目黄身黄为中州瘀热不行。外痹中热。溺黄赤为主。然其膀胱急而小便自利者。乃为伤阴伤肾。其治当别。
不可以酒疸谷疸同治也。
血枯 血枯一症。内经述一病源以为榜样。而曰胸胁支满。妨于食。病至先闻腥臭出清液。唾血。四肢清冷。头目
眩晕。时时前后血。此名血枯。支满。满如支鬲也。肺主气。其臭腥。肝主血。其臭臊。肺气不能平肝。则肝肺俱遂于
上。浊气不降。清气不升。故闻腥臭而吐清液也。唾血。血不归经也。四肢清冷。气不能周也。头目眩晕。失血多而气
随血去也。血气既乱。故前后阴血不时见。而月信反无期也。夫肾主闭藏。肝主疏泄。此症不惟伤肾。而且伤肝。至其
久则三阴俱亏。所以有先见诸症。终必至于血枯月信断也。丈夫犯此。亦不免为精枯。所谓劳损之属也。然其症与血隔
相似。皆经闭不通之候。而枯与隔相反。隔病发于暂。或痛或实。通之则血行。枯则冲任内竭。必不可通者也。唯养阴
补气。使其血充可耳。
疝病：六经都可能发生风疝。所谓疝，是指痹阻之气不能通行而聚集形成的病症。其脉象必定滑利，且症状必然兼有风邪的表现，这是因为疝症的特点是时聚时散、变动不居，变动则兼夹风邪，聚集则形成疝块，所以脉象必见滑象。然而，《内经》特别指出任脉为病，表现为男子体内结聚成七种疝气，女子带下及瘕聚（腹内结块），后世的疝病论述多以此为根据，但疝的种类并不单一。有狐疝，因其出入无常而得名；有㿗疝（阴囊肿大），因其顽硬肿胀、感觉迟钝而得名；有冲疝，因其气从少腹上冲心胸而疼痛而得名；有厥疝，因积气在腹中且气逆上冲而成疝；有瘕疝，因少腹冤热疼痛并排出白色分泌物，名为蛊病。以上各种疝症，病位都在中极穴附近，少腹部位是诸阴经交会之处，向上连接关元穴，无不以任脉为根源。前阴与少腹之间，是足三阴、足阳明、任脉、冲脉、督脉等经脉汇聚之地，因此其疝症还有因少阳相火有余，导致筋脉受损进而引发肝风疝的情况，这是少阳相火侵犯阴分，损伤筋脉并引动肝木之风，从而聚集成肝疝。又有太阳经与肾经受风寒合邪，损伤阴分，寒气聚集于肾而形成肾风疝。还有厥阴经有余导致阴痹，若脉滑则病发狐疝，因为厥阴位于下焦，总司诸筋，若其气机壅滞不能上升，则发生阴痹，脉象见滑则为狐风疝。总的来说，这些病症起因各异，但总归表现在任脉之间，因为任脉总领诸阴经的汇聚。这些病症有的源于热，有的源于寒，有的源于虚，有的源于劳损，但其侵犯阴分、损伤筋脉是一致的，所以病都在阴分，伤都在筋脉，发作时如风般变动，结聚时如山般坚硬，因此称为“疝”。后世胡乱设立疝的名称，却不明白其成因，若能静心探究其原理，那么治疗方法自然也就清楚了。
伏梁病：《内经》中提到两种伏梁病，都位于肓之原（脐下丹田区域），处于肠胃之外，连接着三阴经以及冲脉、带脉之间。一种包裹着大量的脓血，另一种是因寒厥导致的积聚。因为它们潜伏在下部，所以叫“伏”；质地强硬如屋梁，所以叫“梁”；又因为横亘在天枢穴中间，所以也称之为梁。那种包裹大量脓血的伏梁，在少腹上下左右都有根系，积聚时间长久，根结自然深固。向下发展的，能排出脓血；向上发展的，会压迫胃脘。如果病灶位于脐上，就会逐渐逼近心肺，这属于逆证；只有位于脐下的，病情相对缓和，这属于顺证。这种病难以治疗，如果妄用攻伐之法以损伤胃气，只会徒然受伤而无益，反而加重危害。另一种症状是身体和大腿都肿胀，环绕肚脐疼痛，这也属于冲脉病变，结聚在脐腰部位，病位在肓之原，也就是所说的下气海。这种病的风根，就是寒气与厥气结合而成的积聚。这种积聚的形成，使得肾脏的水寒之气壅滞而不能运行，所以身体和大腿都肿胀，并且环绕肚脐疼痛。这是阴阳之气积聚的结果，不应当妄动或妄用泻下法。如果妄用泻下，会更加损伤阴气，阴气受损则积气更加壅滞，水道也就不通畅了。
狂病：狂病发作，起初患者常感到悲伤，容易忘记事情，易怒，易恐惧，睡眠少且不觉得饥饿，随后变得自视甚高，自以为贤能，自以为明智，自以为尊贵，喜欢骂人，日夜不停，还喜欢唱歌作乐，行为狂妄不止，食量大增，常常看见鬼神。这是由于遭受巨大的惊恐、忧愁或大喜，导致神志失守所致。至于阳明经的外感病，也能引起狂病，表现为爬上屋顶登高呼叫，脱掉衣服乱跑，骂人不避亲疏，这是因为邪气并入阳分导致狂乱，也称为重阳则狂。然而前者是心疾，后者是热病，阳明经是心君所居的部位，热邪并入该部，势必波及心神，所以也会神志失常。又有因心肾不交，二阴二阳之气交错，导致肾水寒凝而龙雷之火逆上，与阳明之热交并，也能使神志迷惑、意志丧失而发为癫疾或狂病，表现为骂人、行为狂妄，这就是所谓的肾精不守，不能主持内部，导致心火自焚。还有所谓的怒狂，是因为阳气突然受挫而难以疏泄，所以易怒而狂，也称为阳厥。治疗时用生铁落煎汤服用，并且限制饮食，病就能好，因为限制饮食能使阳气不再亢盛，而生铁落能降气。
癫病：癫病刚开始发生时，患者先是不快乐，头重痛，眼睛直视发红，啼哭呼叫，气喘心悸，身体反折僵硬，筋骨脉都充盈饱满。所以骨癫疾，表现为牙齿和各俞穴处的肌肉都充盈饱满，骨骼突出，出汗且心中烦闷冤屈；筋癫疾，表现为身体卷曲挛急；脉癫疾，表现为突然仆倒，四肢的脉管都胀大而弛纵，脉象满盛，苦于呕吐，吐出很多涎沫，气向下泄脱的，都属于不治之症。颠病与痫病抽搐相似但不同，区别在于颠病没有暂时停止的时候。大体上肝病居多。开始不快乐，是肝气乘袭心脏；头重痛，是肝气上逆；眼睛直视，是肝之目系紧张；眼睛发红，是火邪；啼哭呼叫、气喘心悸，是肝气满溢乘袭心脏，导致神志迷惑、精神丧失；身体反折僵硬，说明筋脉拘急。如果筋骨脉都充盈饱满，则与痫病抽搐相同，只是没有间歇期罢了。如果脉象大滑，久后会自行痊愈；如果脉象小坚急，则是死证，无法治疗。这是因为阳邪搏结于阴分，但脉滑说明阴气尚盛，所以久后会自愈。脉象小坚急，是肝脏的真脏脉现出，所以无法治疗。呕吐多、吐涎沫、气向下泄脱的，呕吐多是胃气上逆，吐涎沫说明脾气已松弛，气向下泄脱说明肾关已不固守，这两者都没有胃气了，所以是死证。又说，虚证可治，实证死。虚证是指脉缓而不坚急；实证是指脉弦急，生机断绝。
痫病：考察《内经》关于痫病的条文，“二阴急”会导致痫厥，心脉满大，会出现痫病抽搐和筋挛；肝脉小急，也会出现痫病抽搐和筋挛；足少阴筋病生痫病抽搐及痉病。这说明痫病的病机在于肾气的厥逆，邪气伤害阴分和筋脉。肾气主司少阴和枢机，少阴气逆则枢机失司，气机堵塞于经脉而上行，少阴脉系连舌本，气塞则喉音狭窄无法发声，所以声音像羊叫或猪叫。然而经过一定时间必定停止，是因为气机恢复反向运行就好了，所以这与颠病不同。如果是心脉满大而发痫病抽搐，是因为肾气逆乱导致心火郁结，所以脉象满大。逆乱影响肝脏，是因为肝阴先不足而肾气逆乱冲击它，所以肝脉小急，也出现痫病抽搐和筋挛。肝阴虚故脉小，肾气逆乱冲击肝故脉急。凡是痫病必定兼有抽搐，说“二阴急为痫厥”，是因为少阴厥逆而后发痫病。另外，阳维脉从少阴行至太阳，发病时若肌肉麻痹及下部感觉迟钝，或者突然跌倒、发出羊叫声，严重的失音不能说话。阴维脉从少阳斜行至厥阴，发病时若癫痫僵仆、发出羊叫声、失音，这是因为阳维脉维系诸阳经，而从少阴至诸阳，是以阴为阳的根本，根本出于少阴，所以能维系诸阳，当少阴阴邪随之到达诸阳时，就能堵塞诸阳经的交会处，从而发病表现为肌肉麻痹不仁，或者癫痫僵仆、羊鸣失音。失音是因为少阴经气不至而导致喑哑。阴维脉从少阳至厥阴，是以阳鼓动阴，发病在少阳，所以能鼓动诸阳而成为维脉，当少阳既衰，阴邪便壅滞，也能完全堵塞诸阴经的交会处，筋络相互牵引，所以也表现为癫痫僵仆、羊鸣失音。这里虽然没有直接提及少阴，但也是厥阴方剂的作用，同样是少阴枢机失职的表现。观察这些内容，就可以理解各种痫病了。
黄疸：以眼睛发黄，吃完饭却像饿了一样，小便黄赤，安静卧床休息，这样的病症叫做黄疸。《论疾诊尺篇》说：身体有病而面色微黄，齿垢黄，指甲上黄，这也是黄疸。然而疸病有三种：其候见心中发热，脚下发热，这是酒疸；吃完饭却像饿了一样，善于消化谷物食物，这是胃疸，也就是谷疸。又有谷疸脉象小而涩，不喜欢吃东西的，这是中焦寒湿。还有女劳疸，额头黑，微微出汗，手足心热，傍晚即发热，膀胱急迫，小便通利，这是女劳疸。这三种疸证症状稍有差异，但都以目黄身黄为中州瘀热不行，外有痹阻内有热，小便黄赤为主要表现。然而其中膀胱急迫而小便通利的，乃是伤阴伤肾所致，治疗应当区别对待，不可以将酒疸和谷疸混同治疗。
血枯病：血枯这一病症，《内经》叙述了一个病源作为榜样，描述为胸胁支撑胀满，妨碍进食，病发时先闻到腥臭味，流出清稀液体，唾血，四肢清冷，头目眩晕，时常前后阴出血，这名叫血枯。“支满”是指胀满如同被支架隔阂一样。肺主气，其味腥；肝主血，其味臊。肺气不能平抑肝气，则肝肺之气都随之上逆，浊气不降，清气不升，所以闻到腥臭并吐出清液。唾血，是血不归经。四肢清冷，是气不能周流全身。头目眩晕，是失血过多而气随血去。血气既然紊乱，所以前后阴血不时出现，而月经反而没有定期。肾主闭藏，肝主疏泄，此症不仅伤肾，而且伤肝，时间久了则三阴俱亏，所以先出现上述诸症，最终必然导致血枯、月经断绝。男子患此病，也不免成为精枯，属于劳损一类。然而此症与血隔相似，都是经闭不通的症状，但枯与隔相反，隔病发作短暂，或痛或实，通之则血行；枯则是冲任内部枯竭，必不可通。唯有滋养阴气、补益元气，使血液充盈才可以。
Shan (Hernia): Wind shan can occur in all six meridians. Shan refers to a condition where bi-occluded qi fails to circulate and gathers to form a mass. The pulse must be slippery, and the symptoms must involve wind, because shan is characterized by its mobility and gathering; mobility implies the involvement of wind, and gathering constitutes shan, hence the slippery pulse. However, *Neijing* specifically points out that Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) disease manifests as seven types of internal hernias in men and leukorrhea with zhaj masses (abdominal masses) in women. Later discussions on shan are based on this, yet shan is not uniform. There is huxian (fox hernia), named for its irregular entry and exit; there is xixian (scrotal hernia), named for its hard swelling and insensitivity; there is chongshan (rushing hernia), named for pain rushing from the lower abdomen to the heart; there is juehsian (reversal hernia), caused by accumulated qi in the abdomen reversing upwards; and there is jiahsian (mass hernia), characterized by heat and pain in the lower abdomen with discharge of white fluid, also called gu disease. All these shan syndromes are located around Zhongji (CV3), where the lower abdomen serves as the convergence point for all yin meridians, connecting upwards to Guanyuan (CV4). None originate without Ren Mai as the root. The area between the anterior genitalia and the lower abdomen is where the Foot Three Yin, Foot Yangming, Ren, Chong, and Du meridians converge. Thus, shan syndromes may also arise from Shaoyang excess fire damaging tendons and triggering Liver wind shan, where Shaoyang ministerial fire invades the yin, damages tendons, stirs Liver wood wind, and gathers into Liver shan. Additionally, Taiyang and Kidney meridians combining with wind-cold damage yin, gathering in the Kidney to form Kidney wind shan. Furthermore, Jueyin excess causes Yin bi (obstruction); if the pulse is slippery, it results in fox hernia, as Jueyin resides in the lower jiao and governs all tendons; when its qi is stagnant and fails to ascend, Yin bi occurs, and a slippery pulse indicates fox wind shan. In summary, although these syndromes have diverse origins, they manifest primarily through Ren Mai because Ren Mai gathers all yin meridians. These syndromes stem from heat, cold, deficiency, or labor, but all invade yin and damage tendons. Thus, the disease lies in yin, the injury is in tendons, movement resembles wind, and accumulation resembles mountains, hence the name "shan." Later generations arbitrarily named shan without understanding its etiology; upon careful investigation, treatment methods become clear.
Fuliang (Hidden Beam): *Neijing* describes two types of Fuliang, both located at the Yuan of Huang (the origin of the epigastrium/omental region), outside the intestines and stomach, connecting the Three Yin meridians with Chong and Dai vessels. One type encases large amounts of pus and blood; the other is an accumulation formed by cold reversal. They are called "Fu" (hidden) because they lie low, and "Liang" (beam) because they are hard and rigid like a beam, and also because they lie horizontally across Tianshu (ST25). The type enclosing pus and blood has roots extending up, down, left, and right in the lower abdomen. After long-term accumulation, the root knots deepen. Downward progression leads to purulent bloody discharge; upward progression compresses the stomach. If located above the navel, it gradually presses against the Heart and Lungs, constituting a "Ni" (reverse/adverse) condition. Only those below the navel are relatively mild, constituting a "Cong" (following/compliant) condition. This is difficult to treat; reckless attacking to deplete Stomach qi will only cause harm without benefit. Another syndrome presents with swelling of the body and thighs and pain circling the navel. This also belongs to Chong Mai pathology, knotting at the navel and waist, located at the Yuan of Huang, also known as Lower Qihai. Its root is wind, formed by the combination of cold qi and reversal qi. The formation of this accumulation obstructs the cold water qi of the Kidneys, preventing circulation, causing body and thigh swelling and periumbilical pain. This is an accumulation of yin and yang qi; one should not recklessly move or purge. Reckless purging further damages yin; damaged yin leads to greater qi stagnation and impaired water pathways.
Kuang (Mania): Mania begins with sadness, forgetfulness, irritability, and fear. Patients sleep little, feel no hunger, and subsequently become arrogant, considering themselves wise, virtuous, and noble. They curse incessantly day and night, enjoy singing and music, act wildly without cessation, eat excessively, and hallucinate ghosts and spirits. This results from severe fright, grief, or excessive joy causing spirit loss. External pathogenic factors affecting the Yangming Meridian can also induce mania, characterized by climbing roofs, shouting, discarding clothes, running, and cursing relatives and strangers alike. This is due to pathogenic factors merging with yang, termed "Double Yang leads to mania." However, the former is a Heart disorder, while the latter is a heat disease. Yangming is the residence of the Heart Monarch; heat merging here inevitably affects the spirit, causing spirit loss. Additionally, disharmony between Heart and Kidney, with interaction of Two Yin and Two Yang, can lead to Kidney water coldness and rebellious Dragon Fire rising to merge with Yangming heat, confusing the spirit and causing epilepsy or mania, with cursing and wild behavior. This is described as Kidney essence failing to guard, unable to control the interior, allowing Heart fire to burn itself. There is also "Anger-induced Mania," where sudden obstruction of yang qi makes it difficult to resolve, leading to anger and mania, also called Yang Jue (Reversal). Treatment involves drinking decoction made from Sheng Tie Luo (Fallen Iron), and restricting food intake cures the disease, as restricting food prevents yang from growing, and fallen iron descends qi.
Dian (Epilepsy/Spirit Disorder): Early Dian syndrome presents with unhappiness, heavy head pain, staring red eyes, crying, shouting, panting, palpitations, opisthotonos, and fullness of bones, tendons, and vessels. Bone Dian involves fullness of teeth and acupoints/muscles, protruding bones, sweating, and vexation. Tendon Dian involves curling and spasms. Pulse Dian involves sudden collapse, distended yet flaccid limb pulses, and full pulses. Vomiting much phlegm and downward leakage of qi indicate untreatable conditions. Dian resembles Xian (epileptic convulsion) but differs in lacking intermittent remission. Liver disease is predominant. Unhappiness indicates Liver overacting on Heart; heavy head pain indicates Liver qi rebelling upward; staring indicates tension in Liver eye connections; red eyes indicate fire; crying/shouting/panting/palpitations indicate Liver fullness overacting on Heart, confusing spirit; opisthotonos indicates tendon tension. Fullness of bone, tendon, and vessel parallels Xian but lacks intervals. Large, slippery pulses indicate self-resolution after a long time; small, firm, rapid pulses indicate death and untreatability. Yang fighting Yin with slippery pulse suggests yin still prevails, hence recovery. Small, firm, rapid pulse reveals true Liver organ pulse, hence untreatable. Excessive vomiting, phlegm, and downward qi leakage indicate reversed Stomach qi, relaxed Spleen qi, and unguarded Kidney gate; lack of Stomach qi leads to death. Deficiency is treatable; excess is fatal. Deficiency means slow, non-firm pulse; excess means wiry, rapid pulse with lost vitality.
Xian (Epileptic Convulsion): Examining *Neijing*, "Two Yin urgency" causes Xian Jue (epileptic reversal). Full-large Heart pulse causes Xian convulsions and tendon cramps. Small-rapid Liver pulse causes Xian convulsions and tendon cramps. Foot Shaoyin tendon disease causes Xian convulsions and spasm. The pathology lies in Kidney qi reversal, injuring yin and tendons. Kidney governs Shaoyin and pivot; Shaoyin reversal causes pivot failure, blocking qi in meridians ascending. Shaoyin meridian connects to the tongue base; blockage narrows the throat, producing sounds like sheep or pigs. Symptoms stop after a period because qi reverses back, distinguishing it from Dian. Full-large Heart pulse with Xian convulsion results from Kidney reversal depressing Heart fire, causing fullness. Reversal affecting Liver occurs due to prior Liver yin deficiency attacked by Kidney qi, resulting in small-rapid Liver pulse and convulsions. Liver yin deficiency makes pulse small; Kidney reversal makes it rapid. Xian always accompanies convulsions. "Two Yin urgency causes Xian Jue" emphasizes Shaoyin reversal preceding Xian. Yang Wei Mai from Shaoyin to Taiyang, when active, causes muscle bi and lower body insensitivity, or sudden collapse, bleating, aphasia. Yin Wei Mai from Shaoyang to Jueyin, when active, causes epileptic collapse, bleating, aphasia. Yang Wei connects all yang meridians via Shaoyin (yin root of yang); Shaoyin yin evil reaching yang blocks yang intersections, causing bi/insensitivity/collapse/aphasia. Aphasia occurs when Shaoyin qi does not reach. Yin Wei connects yang to drive yin; activity in Shaoyang drives yang; Shaoyang decline allows yin evil to block yin intersections, drawing sinews, causing collapse/bleating/aphasia. Though not explicitly mentioning Shaoyin, Jueyin formulas reflect Shaoyin pivot failure. Understanding this clarifies various Xian syndromes.
Dan Jaundice: Jaundice is named for yellow eyes, feeling hungry after eating, dark yellow urine, and desire to rest quietly. *Lun Ji Zhen Chi* states: bodily illness with slight yellow complexion, yellow tooth tartar, and yellow nails indicate Dan Jaundice. There are three types: Heat in heart and soles indicates Wine Jaundice; hunger after eating and good digestion indicate Stomach Jaundice (Grain Jaundice). Grain Jaundice with small, choppy pulse and anorexia indicates middle jiao cold-damp. Female Labor Jaundice presents with black forehead, slight sweating, hot palms/soles, evening fever, bladder urgency, and free urination. While symptoms vary, all share yellow eyes/body due to central jiao stasis-heat, external bi, internal heat, and dark urine. However, bladder urgency with free urination indicates yin/kidney damage, requiring distinct treatment separate from Wine or Grain Jaundice.
Xue Ku (Blood Depletion): *Neijing* cites Chest/Hypochondriac fullness, food intolerance, smelling foul odors, clear fluid discharge, hemoptysis, cold limbs, dizziness, and frequent bleeding from front/rear orifices as Blood Depletion. "Zhi Man" means fullness like being braced. Lung governs qi and smell of fishy; Liver governs blood and smell of game. Lung qi failing to calm Liver qi causes both to rebel upward, turbid qi failing to descend, clear qi failing to ascend, leading to smelling odors and vomiting clear fluid. Hemoptysis indicates blood leaving vessels. Cold limbs indicate qi failing to circulate. Dizziness indicates qi following excessive blood loss. Chaotic blood/qi causes irregular bleeding and amenorrhea. Kidney stores, Liver courses; this syndrome injures both Kidney and Liver. Long-term depletion exhausts Three Yin, progressing to blood depletion and amenorrhea. Men suffer essence depletion, classified as劳损 (labor damage). Similar to Xue Ge (blood separation/stagnation) in amenorrhea, but opposite: Ge is acute, painful, excess, responsive to unblocking; Ku is chronic, Chong/Ren internally exhausted, unblocking impossible. Treatment requires nourishing yin and tonifying qi to replenish blood.