长化合德火政乃宣庶类以蕃
王冰曰火土之气同生化也宜行也张志聪曰长化合德故庶物以蕃张介宾曰金衰则火乘之火王则土得所助故长化合德火
政宣行而庶类蕃盛也
其果李杏
王冰曰李木杏火果也张介宾曰李木果杏火果金不及故二果成也
其实壳络
王冰曰外有壳内有支络之实也张介宾曰壳属金络属火有盛衰也
其谷麻麦
王冰曰麻木麦火谷也麦色赤也张介宾曰麻木谷麦火谷二谷成也
其味苦辛
王冰曰苦味胜辛辛兼苦也张介宾曰苦胜辛衰也
其畜鸡羊
王冰曰金从火土之兼化新校正云详火畜马土畜牛今言羊故王注云从火土之兼化为羊也或者当云注中之土字甚非张介
宾曰鸡为金畜当衰羊为火畜当盛金匮真言论火畜曰羊骥案六乙年少商金运不及陈无择有紫菀汤方用紫菀茸桑皮
人参黄 地
骨皮杏仁白芍甘草生姜大枣一方有白芷无白芍每空心服四钱缪问解此方曰金不足则肺气自馁火乘其敝惟有清火止泄急救
肺金紫菀苦温下气和血寒热咸治桑皮甘寒补血益气吐畜所需参 固无形之气即以摄走泄之阴地骨皮泻肺中伏火而又泄之
以杏仁敛之以白芍合之以甘草补土生金姜枣调和荣卫缓诸药于至高之分而参 得收指臂之功盖补土可以生金而实土即以
御水也
涸流之纪是谓反阳
王冰曰阴气不及反为阳气代之谓辛未辛巳辛卯辛酉辛亥辛丑之岁也张志聪曰水寒不及阳反胜之马莳曰藏气属水化气
属土长气属火水气不及是阴气不及也而阳气反来代之是反阳也凡丙辛皆属水运而辛以阴柔乃为不及故于六辛阴水之年阳
反用事骥案六辛年少羽水运不及之岁不及则为我弱我弱则胜我者乘我之衰而来兼其化兼谓以彼化我也此少羽水运胜水之
土来兼土化即经所谓乘其弱来同其化也故藏气不令化气乃昌
藏令不举化气乃昌
王冰曰少水而土盛张介宾曰水衰故藏气不令土胜故化气乃昌
长气宣布蛰虫不藏
王冰曰太阳在泉经文背也厥阴阳明司天乃如经谓也张志聪曰水令不举则火无所畏故长气得以宣布阳热反盛是以蛰虫
不藏按此不言收气者金水无犯故不及之
其果枣杏
王冰曰枣土杏火果也张介宾曰枣土果杏火果水不及则二果当成
其实濡肉
王冰曰濡水肉土化也张介宾曰濡应水者衰肉应土者盛也
其谷黍稷
王冰曰黍火稷土谷也新校正云按本论上文麦为火之谷今言黍者疑麦字误为黍也虽金匮真言论作黍然本论作麦当从本
篇之文也张介宾曰黍火谷稷土谷二谷当成按金匮真言论火谷曰黍本论作麦似乎二字有误
其味甘咸
王冰曰甘入于咸味甘美也张介宾曰甘胜咸衰
其畜彘牛
王冰曰水从土畜张介宾曰彘水畜当衰牛土畜当王骥案六辛年少羽水运不及陈无择有五味子汤用五味附片熟地巴戟鹿
茸杜
仲山萸生姜盐每食前服四钱缪问解此方曰辛年涸流之纪多肾虚受湿之证然逐湿则伤阴胜湿则耗气皆犯虚虚之戒也君以五
味之酸收收阴阳二气于坎中臣以直入坎中之附子急助肾阳遍走经络驱逐阴霾佐以熟地填补肾阴助以五味固护封蛰治肾之
法无遗蕴矣巴戟入阴除痹鹿茸补血益髓肝欲辛补之以杜仲之辛肝喜酸与之以萸肉之酸二药并行能除湿痹而利关节补肝即
以益肾子能令母实之义也
发生之纪是谓启东HT
王冰曰物乘木气以发生而启陈其容质也是谓壬申壬午壬辰壬寅壬子壬戌之六岁化也HT 古陈字张志聪曰
岁木太过是谓
发生启开敷布也布散阳和发生万物之象马莳曰四气调神论春三月此谓发陈则此篇
曰启陈皆就其发生之气象而形容之张介宾
曰此下详言太过之纪阳刚之木六壬是也布散阳和发生万物之象骥案六壬年太角木运太过之岁太过则为我旺我旺则胜我者
畏我之盛而反齐其化此大角木运胜木之金反齐木化经所谓畏其旺者反同其化是也
土疏泄苍气达
王冰曰生气上发故土体疏泄木之专政故苍气上达达通也出也行也张志聪曰土得其制化故主疏泄苍气木气也张介宾曰
木气动生气达故土体疏泄而通也
阳和布化阴气乃随
王冰曰少阳先生发于万物之表厥阴次随营运于万象之中也张志聪曰厥阴之上风木治之是以阳和布化于上而阴气乃随
于下也张介宾曰木火相生则阳和布化阳气日进则阴气日退乃随犹言乃后也
生气淳化万物以荣
王冰曰岁木有余金不来胜生令布化故物以舒荣张志聪曰生气有余故万物感之而荣茂张介宾曰木气有余故能淳化以荣
万物
其谷麻稻
王冰曰木化其金张介宾曰麻木谷稻金谷齐其化也
其畜鸡犬
王冰曰齐鸡孕也张介宾曰鸡金畜犬木畜犬齐鸡也
其果李桃
王冰曰李齐桃实也张介宾曰李木果桃金果李齐桃也
其味酸甘辛
王冰曰酸入于甘辛齐化也张介宾曰三味亦木土金骥案六壬年太角木运太过之岁陈无择有茯苓汤方用茯苓白术甘草草
果浓朴半夏炮姜青皮生姜大枣每服六钱空心服缪问解此方曰风淫所胜治以苦甘而治藏先通腑故君茯苓利脾湿臣以术草一
苦一甘补脾之体佐以草果浓朴辛香导滞宣脾之用半夏助辛淡之用炮姜资焦苦之助治脾之法懒已尽于此而风淫所胜平之宜
急加以青皮之酸合之甘草之甘所谓以酸泻之以甘缓之也姜枣调营益卫为治中所必需信乎治病之必求其本也
赫曦之纪是谓蕃茂
王冰曰物遇太阳则蕃而茂是谓戊辰戊寅戊子戊戌戊申戊午之岁也新校正云按或者云注中太阳当作太征详木土金水之
太过注俱不言角宫商羽等运而水太过注云阴气大行此火太过是物遇太阳也安得谓之太征乎张志聪曰岁火太过是谓赫曦长
气盛故草木蕃茂马莳曰蕃茂万物蕃盛而茂盖自其气象而言四气调神论夏三月此谓蕃秀与此义同张介宾曰六戊之岁皆阳刚
之火也阳盛则万物俱盛故曰蕃茂骥案六戊年太征火运太过之岁太过则为我旺我旺则胜我者畏我之盛而反齐其化此太征火
运胜火之水反齐火化经所谓畏其旺反同其化是也
阴气内化阳气外荣
王冰曰阴阳之气得其序也张志聪曰少阴之上君火主之故阴气内化阳气外荣张介宾曰阴降于下阳升于上
炎暑施化物得以昌
王冰曰长气多故尔张志聪曰炎暑施化司夏令也物得以昌受长气也张介宾曰阳气发生之本也
其谷麦豆
王冰曰火齐水化也张介宾曰麦火谷豆水谷麦齐豆也
其畜羊彘
王冰曰齐孕育也新校正云按本论上文马为火之畜今言羊者疑为马字误为羊金匮真言论及藏气法时论俱作羊然本论作
马当从本论之文也张介宾曰羊火畜彘水畜其育齐也
其果杏栗
王冰曰等实也张介宾曰杏火果栗水实同也
其味苦辛咸
王冰曰辛物兼苦与咸化齐成也张介宾曰亦火金水三味骥案六戊年火运太过之岁陈无择有麦门冬汤方用麦门冬人参桑
皮紫菀半夏白芷竹叶生姜大枣空心服四钱缪问解此方曰麦冬养肺之阴人参益肺之气张洁古谓参味苦甘甘能泻火麦冬味苦
兼泻心阳且救金且抑火一用而两擅其长桑皮甘寒紫菀微辛开其 郁半夏甘草以益脾土虚则补其母也白芷辛芬散肺家风湿
竹叶性升引药上达补肺之法无余蕴矣
敦阜之纪是谓广化
王冰曰土余故化气广被于物也是谓甲子甲戌甲申甲午甲辰甲寅之岁也张志聪曰土运太过是谓敦阜土气盛而化气布于
四方故为广化马莳曰广布其化亦自气象而言张介宾曰土之太过是谓敦阜六甲之岁皆阳刚之土也土之化气广被于物故曰广
化骥案此六甲年太宫土运太过之岁是为我旺我旺则胜我者畏我之盛而反齐其化此太宫土运胜土之木反齐土化经所谓畏其
旺反同其化是也
浓德清静顺长以盈
王冰曰土性顺用无与物争故德浓而不躁顺火之长育使万物化气盈满也张志聪曰浓德清静土之体也顺长以盈火土
合化也张介宾曰土德至浓土性至静顺火之长气而化政以盈土生于火也
至阴内实物化充成
王冰曰至阴土精气也夫万物所以化成者皆以至阴之灵气生化于中也张志聪曰太阴之上湿土主之故至阴内实物化
充成盖太阴为阴中之至阴阴气内实而后化成万物于外张介宾曰至浓至静故曰至阴万物之化无不赖土故物化充成
烟埃朦郁见于浓土
王冰曰浓土山也烟埃 土气也张志聪曰烟埃朦郁土之气也浓土者见于山陵之间也张介宾曰土本浓土而尤浓者则在山
川烟埃朦郁土之气也故见于此
大雨时行湿气乃用燥政乃辟
王冰曰湿气用则燥政辟自然之理尔张志聪曰大雨时行湿气上蒸终为淫雨辟避也夏秋之交湿土主令湿气盛是以秋之燥
气乃避张介宾曰土之化湿湿气行则燥气辟
其谷稷麻
王冰曰土木齐化张介宾曰稷土谷麻木谷土齐木化也
其畜牛犬
王冰曰齐孕育也张介宾曰牛土畜犬木畜其育齐也
其果枣李
王冰曰土齐木化张介宾曰枣土果李木果骥案六甲年太宫土运太过之岁陈无择有附子山萸汤方用附片山萸乌梅木瓜肉
蔻半夏丁香木香生姜大枣每空心服四钱缪问解此方曰经谓湿淫于内治以苦热附子以大热纯阳之品直达坎阳以消阴翳治肾
而兼治脾也但附子辛窜必赖维持如真武汤之于白芍地黄饮之于五味此而不佐以茱萸之酸收安得入肾而无劫液之虑不偕以
乌梅之镇静难必其归土而无燥肺之忧藏宜补既有萸肉以培乙木腑宜泻更有木瓜以泄甲木安甲乙即所以资戊己也肉果辛温
助土再复半夏之利湿丁木香之治胃木瓜乌梅之疗痿姜枣之和中眼光四射矣
坚成之纪是谓收引
王冰曰引敛也阳气收阴气用故万物收敛谓庚午庚辰庚寅庚子庚戌庚申之岁也张志聪曰岁金太过名曰坚成秋令主收是
谓收引马莳曰收引者阳气收敛而阴气引申也自金之收令而言四气调神论谓之容平亦自气象而言张介宾曰金之太过是谓坚
成六庚之岁阳金也金胜则收气大行故曰收引引者阴盛阳衰万物相引而退避也骥案此六庚年太商金运太过之岁是为我旺我
旺则胜我者畏我之盛而反齐其化此太商金运胜金之火反齐金化经所谓畏其旺反同其化是也
天气洁地气明
王冰曰秋气高洁金气同张志聪曰天气洁地气明金气清也
阳气随阴治化
王冰曰阳顺阴而生化张志聪曰阳明之上燥气主之是以阴金治化于上而阳明之气在下随之张介宾曰随后也
燥行其政物以司成
王冰曰燥气行化万物专司其成熟无遗略也张志聪曰秋主收成故燥行其政物以司成张介宾曰燥行其政气化乃坚故司万
物之成
收气繁布化洽不终
王冰曰收杀气早土之化不得终其用也新校正云详繁字疑误张志聪曰秋主收而长夏主化收气早布是以化洽不终张介宾
曰金之收气盛而蚤布则洽之化气不得终其令也洽和也泽也
其谷稻黍
王冰曰金火齐化也新校正云按本论上以麦为火之谷当言其谷稻麦张介宾曰稻金谷黍火谷金齐火化也
其畜鸡马
王冰曰齐孕育也张介宾曰金火二畜孕育齐也
其果桃杏
王冰曰金火齐实张介宾曰金齐火实也
其味辛酸苦
王冰曰辛入酸苦齐化张介宾曰亦金木火三味也骥案六庚年太商金运太过之岁陈无择有牛膝木瓜汤方用牛膝木瓜白芍
杜仲黄松节菟丝子枸杞子天麻甘草生姜大枣空心服四钱缪问解此方曰用药之例补肝血者可以从酸补肝气者不可以从辛何
则酸可育肝之阴辛则劫肝之血也方用牛膝酸平达下为君木瓜酸温舒筋为臣白芍和厥阴之阴制肺金之横杜仲养风木之气自
无辛烈之偏重取肝阴最为有见松节利血中之湿菟丝入三阴之经复以枸杞甘平润肺合之天麻辛温息风金安而木亦平此则柔
克之道也
流衍之纪是谓封藏
王冰曰阴气大行则天地封藏之化也谓丙寅丙子丙戌丙申丙午丙辰之岁张志聪曰水运太过是为流衍冬主闭藏故谓封藏
马莳曰封藏者阴气已上阳气已下天地之化至此而藏四气调神论冬三月此谓闭藏张介宾曰水之太过是谓流衍阳水之岁六丙
是也水盛则阴气大行天地闭而万物藏故曰封藏骥案此六丙年太羽水运太过之岁是为我旺我旺则胜我者畏我之盛而反齐其
化此太羽水运胜水之土反齐水化经所谓畏其旺者反同其化是也
寒司物化天地严凝
王冰曰阴之气也张志聪曰寒气司化故天气严凝马莳曰凡物气之化寒气司之天地间皆严凝之气张介宾曰阴气盛也
藏政以布长令不扬
王冰曰藏气用则长化止故令不发扬张志聪曰水政以布故火令不扬张介宾曰水胜火也
其谷豆稷
王冰曰水齐土也张介宾曰豆水谷稷土谷水有余则齐土化也
其畜彘牛
王冰曰齐孕育也张介宾曰彘水畜牛土畜彘齐牛育也
其果栗枣
王冰曰水土齐实张介宾曰栗齐枣实也
其味酸苦甘
王冰曰咸入于苦甘化齐焉张介宾曰亦水火土味也骥案六丙年太羽水运太过之岁陈无择有黄连茯苓汤方用黄连黄芩赤
苓半夏通草车前子甘草远志麦冬生姜大枣空心服四钱缪问解此方曰内经气寒气凉治以寒凉立方妙在不理心阳而专利水清
热以黄连之可升可降寒能胜热者平其上下之热更以黄芩之可左可右逐水湿清表热者泄其内外之邪茯苓半夏通利阳明通草
性轻专疗浮肿车前色黑功达水源甘草为九土之精实 御水使水不陵心而心自安也远志之辛祛其谵妄游刃有余佐以麦冬养
液保金合车前可祛湿痹又借半夏之辛以疏土实用药之妙岂思议所能及哉
至真要大论帝曰其主病何如
【背景信息】
书名：内经药瀹 作者：张骥 朝代：清 章节：五岁(2/3) 类别：本草
长化合德，火政乃宣，庶类以蕃。
王冰说：火与土的气化相同，都是生化之源，适宜运行。张志聪说：因为长化合德，所以万物繁盛。张介宾说：金气衰弱则火气来乘，火气旺盛则得到土的资助，所以长化合德，火的政令宣行，各类生物便繁盛起来。
其果李杏。
王冰说：李属木，杏属火，是果实。张介宾说：李是木果，杏是火果，因金气不及，所以这两种果实形成。
其实壳络。
王冰说：外面有壳，里面有支脉网络的果实。张介宾说：壳属金，络属火，有盛衰之分。
其谷麻麦。
王冰说：麻属木，麦属火，是谷物。麦色赤红。张介宾说：麻是木谷，麦是火谷，这两种谷物形成。
其味苦辛。
王冰说：苦味胜过辛味，辛味兼有苦味。张介宾说：苦胜而辛衰。
其畜鸡羊。
王冰说：金从属于火和土的兼化。新校正说：详细考察，火畜是马，土畜是牛，现在文中说是羊，所以王注说从属于火土的兼化为羊。或许应当说注中的“土”字非常错误。张介宾说：鸡为金畜，应当衰弱；羊为火畜，应当旺盛。《金匮真言论》中说火畜是羊。张骥案：六乙年少商（金运不及）。陈无择有一个紫菀汤方，用紫菀茸、桑白皮、人参、黄芪、地骨皮、杏仁、白芍、甘草、生姜、大枣。一方有白芷而无白芍。每于空心时服四钱。缪问解说此方说：金不足则肺气自馁，火气乘其虚弱，只有清火止泄，急救肺金。紫菀苦温，下气和血，寒热咸治；桑白皮甘寒，补血益气，吐畜所需；人参固护无形之气，以摄纳走泄之阴；地骨皮泻肺中伏火而又泄之；以杏仁收敛它；以白芍合和它；以甘草补土生金；姜枣调和营卫，缓和诸药在至高部位的作用，而参、芪得收指臂之功。大概补土可以生金，充实土气即可抵御水邪。
涸流之纪，是谓反阳。
王冰说：阴气不及，反而被阳气取代，称为辛未、辛巳、辛卯、辛酉、辛亥、辛丑之年。张志聪说：水寒不及，阳气反而胜之。马莳说：脏气属水，化气属土，长气属火，水气不及就是阴气不及，而阳气反而来取代，这就是反阳。凡是丙辛都属水运，但辛以阴柔乃是不及，所以在六个辛年阴水之年，阳气反而用事。张骥案：六辛年少羽（水运不及）之年，不及则是我弱，我弱则胜我者乘我之衰而来兼其化。“兼”是指以彼之化来化我。这是少羽水运，胜水之土来兼土化，即经书所说的“乘其弱来同其化”。所以藏气不令，化气乃昌。
藏令不举，化气乃昌。
王冰说：少水而土盛。张介宾说：水衰故藏气不令，土胜故化气乃昌。
长气宣布，蛰虫不藏。
王冰说：太阳在泉经文背谬。厥阴阳明司天乃如经文所说。张志聪说：水令不举则火无所畏，故长气得以宣布，阳热反盛，是以蛰虫不藏。按此不言收气者，因金水无犯，故不及。
其果枣杏。
王冰说：枣属土，杏属火，是果实。张介宾说：枣是土果，杏是火果，水不及则这两种果实当成。
其实濡肉。
王冰说：濡属水，肉属土化。张介宾说：濡应水者衰，肉应土者盛。
其谷黍稷。
王冰说：黍属火，稷属土，是谷物。新校正说：按本论上文麦为火之谷，今言黍者，疑麦字误为黍也。虽然《金匮真言论》作黍，然本论作麦，当从本篇之文也。张介宾说：黍是火谷，稷是土谷，这两种谷物当成。按《金匮真言论》火谷曰黍，本论作麦，似乎二字有误。
其畜彘牛。
王冰说：水从土畜。张介宾说：彘为水畜当衰，牛为土畜当旺。张骥案：六辛年少羽（水运不及）。陈无择有五味子汤，用五味子、附片、熟地、巴戟天、鹿茸、杜仲、山萸肉、生姜、盐。每食前服四钱。缪问解此方说：辛年涸流之纪，多肾虚受湿之证。然而逐湿则伤阴，胜湿则耗气，皆犯虚虚之戒。君以五味之酸收，收阴阳二气于坎中；臣以直入坎中之附子，急助肾阳，遍走经络，驱逐阴霾；佐以熟地填补肾阴，助以五味固护封蛰，治肾之法无遗蕴矣。巴戟入阴除痹，鹿茸补血益髓。肝欲辛，补之以杜仲之辛；肝喜酸，与之以萸肉之酸。二药并行，能除湿痹而利关节，补肝即以益肾，子能令母实之义也。
发生之纪，是谓启陈。
王冰说：物乘木气以发生而启陈，其容质也是谓壬申、壬午、壬辰、壬寅、壬子、壬戌的六年气化。HT古“陈”字。张志聪说：岁木太过，是谓发生，启开敷布也，布散阳和，发生万物之象。马莳说：《四气调神论》春三月此谓发陈，则此篇曰启陈，皆就其发生之气象而形容之。张介宾说：此下详言太过之纪，阳刚之木，六壬是也。布散阳和，发生万物之象。张骥案：六壬年太角（木运太过）之岁，太过则为我旺，我旺则胜，我者畏我之盛而反齐其化。此大角木运，胜木之金反齐木化，经所谓“畏其旺者反同其化”是也。
土疏泄，苍气达。
王冰说：生气上发，故土体疏泄，木之专政，故苍气上达。达，通也，出也，行也。张志聪说：土得其制化，故主疏泄，苍气即木气。张介宾说：木气动，生气达，故土体疏泄而通也。
阳和布化，阴气乃随。
王冰说：少阳先生发于万物之表，厥阴次随营运于万象之中也。张志聪说：厥阴之上，风木治之，是以阳和布化于上，而阴气乃随于下也。张介宾说：木火相生，则阳和布化，阳气日进则阴气日退，乃随犹言乃后也。
生气淳化，万物以荣。
王冰说：岁木有余，金不来胜，生令布化，故物以舒荣。张志聪说：生气有余，故万物感之而荣茂。张介宾说：木气有余，故能淳化以荣万物。
其谷麻稻。
王冰说：木化其金。张介宾说：麻为木谷，稻为金谷，齐其化也。
其畜鸡犬。
王冰说：齐鸡孕也。张介宾说：鸡为金畜，犬为木畜，犬齐鸡也。
其果李桃。
王冰说：李齐桃实也。张介宾说：李为木果，桃为金果，李齐桃也。
其味酸甘辛。
王冰说：酸入于甘，辛齐化也。张介宾说：三味亦木土金。张骥案：六壬年太角（木运太过）之岁。陈无择有茯苓汤方，用茯苓、白术、甘草、草果、浓朴、半夏、炮姜、青皮、生姜、大枣。每服六钱，空心服。缪问解此方说：风淫所胜，治以苦甘，而治脏先通腑，故君茯苓利脾湿，臣以术草一苦一甘，补脾之体，佐以草果浓朴辛香导滞，宣脾之用，半夏助辛淡之用，炮姜资焦苦之助，治脾之法懒已尽于此。而风淫所胜平之，宜急加以青皮之酸，合之甘草之甘，所谓以酸泻之，以甘缓之也。姜枣调营益卫，为治中所必需，信乎治病之必求其本也。
赫曦之纪，是谓蕃茂。
王冰说：物遇太阳则蕃而茂，是谓戊辰、戊寅、戊子、戊戌、戊申、戊午之年。新校正说：按或者云注中太阳当作太征。详木土金水之太过注俱不言角宫商羽等运，而水太过注云阴气大行，此火太过是物遇太阳也，安得谓之太征乎？张志聪说：岁火太过，是谓赫曦，长气盛，故草木蕃茂。马莳说：蕃茂，万物蕃盛而茂，盖自其气象而言。《四气调神论》夏三月此谓蕃秀，与此义同。张介宾说：六戊之岁皆阳刚之火也，阳盛则万物俱盛，故曰蕃茂。张骥案：六戊年太征（火运太过）之岁，太过则为我旺，我旺则胜，我者畏我之盛而反齐其化。此太征火运，胜火之水反齐火化，经所谓“畏其旺反同其化”是也。
阴气内化，阳气外荣。
王冰说：阴阳之气得其序也。张志聪说：少阴之上，君火主之，故阴气内化，阳气外荣。张介宾说：阴降于下，阳升于上。
炎暑施化，物得以昌。
王冰说：长气多故尔。张志聪说：炎暑施化，司夏令也，物得以昌，受长气也。张介宾说：阳气发生之本也。
其谷麦豆。
王冰说：火齐水化也。张介宾说：麦为火谷，豆为水谷，麦齐豆也。
其畜羊彘。
王冰说：齐孕育也。新校正说：按本论上文马为火之畜，今言羊者，疑为马字误为羊。《金匮真言论》及《藏气法时论》俱作羊，然本论作马，当从本论之文也。张介宾说：羊为火畜，彘为水畜，其育齐也。
其果杏栗。
王冰说：等实也。张介宾说：杏为火果，栗为水实，同也。
其味苦辛咸。
王冰说：辛物兼苦与咸，化齐成也。张介宾说：亦火金水三味。张骥案：六戊年火运太过之岁。陈无择有麦门冬汤方，用麦门冬、人参、桑皮、紫菀、半夏、白芷、竹叶、生姜、大枣。空心服四钱。缪问解此方说：麦冬养肺之阴，人参益肺之气。张洁古谓参味苦甘，甘能泻火，麦冬味苦兼泻心阳，且救金且抑火，一用而两擅其长。桑皮甘寒，紫菀微辛，开其郁；半夏甘草以益脾土，虚则补其母也；白芷辛芬，散肺家风湿；竹叶性升，引药上达。补肺之法无余蕴矣。
敦阜之纪，是谓广化。
王冰说：土余，故化气广被于物也，是谓甲子、甲戌、甲申、甲午、甲辰、甲寅之年。张志聪说：土运太过，是谓敦阜，土气盛而化气布于四方，故为广化。马莳说：广布其化，亦自气象而言。张介宾说：土之太过，是谓敦阜，六甲之岁皆阳刚之土也，土之化气广被于物，故曰广化。张骥案：此六甲年太宫（土运太过）之岁，是为我旺，我旺则胜，我者畏我之盛而反齐其化。此太宫土运，胜土之木反齐土化，经所谓“畏其旺反同其化”是也。
浓德清静，顺长以盈。
王冰说：土性顺用，无与物争，故德浓而不躁，顺火之长育，使万物化气盈满也。张志聪说：浓德清静，土之体也；顺长以盈，火土合化也。张介宾说：土德至浓，土性至静，顺火之长气而化政以盈，土生于火也。
至阴内实，物化充成。
王冰说：至阴，土精气也。夫万物所以化成者，皆以至阴之灵气生化于中也。张志聪说：太阴之上，湿土主之，故至阴内实，物化充成。盖太阴为阴中之至阴，阴气内实而后化成万物于外。张介宾说：至浓至静，故曰至阴。万物之化无不赖土，故物化充成。
烟埃朦郁，见于浓土。
王冰说：浓土，山也；烟埃，土气也。张志聪说：烟埃朦郁，土之气也；浓土者，见于山陵之间也。张介宾说：土本浓土，而尤浓者，则在山川。烟埃朦郁，土之气也，故见于此。
大雨时行，湿气乃用，燥政乃辟。
王冰说：湿气用则燥政辟，自然之理尔。张志聪说：大雨时行，湿气上蒸，终为淫雨。辟，避也。夏秋之交，湿土主令，湿气盛，是以秋之燥气乃避。张介宾说：土之化湿，湿气行则燥气辟。
其谷稷麻。
王冰说：土木齐化。张介宾说：稷为土谷，麻为木谷，土齐木化也。
其畜牛犬。
王冰说：齐孕育也。张介宾说：牛为土畜，犬为木畜，其育齐也。
其果枣李。
王冰说：土齐木化。张介宾说：枣为土果，李为木果。张骥案：六甲年太宫（土运太过）之岁。陈无择有附子山萸汤方，用附片、山萸、乌梅、木瓜、肉蔻、半夏、丁香、木香、生姜、大枣。每空心服四钱。缪问解此方说：经谓湿淫于内，治以苦热。附子以大热纯阳之品，直达坎阳以消阴翳，治肾而兼治脾也。但附子辛窜，必赖维持，如真武汤之于白芍，地黄饮之于五味。此而不佐以茱萸之酸收，安得入肾而无劫液之虑？不偕以乌梅之镇静，难必其归土而无燥肺之忧。脏宜补，既有萸肉以培乙木；腑宜泻，更有木瓜以泄甲木。安甲乙即所以资戊己也。肉果辛温助土，再复半夏之利湿，丁木香之治胃，木瓜乌梅之疗痿，姜枣之和中，眼光四射矣。
坚成之纪，是谓收引。
王冰说：引敛也，阳气收，阴气用，故万物收敛，谓庚午、庚辰、庚寅、庚子、庚戌、庚申之年。张志聪说：岁金太过，名曰坚成，秋令主收，是谓收引。马莳说：收引者，阳气收敛而阴气引申也，自金之收令而言。《四气调神论》谓之容平，亦自气象而言。张介宾说：金之太过，是谓坚成，六庚之岁阳金也。金胜则收气大行，故曰收引。引者，阴盛阳衰，万物相引而退避也。张骥案：此六庚年太商（金运太过）之岁，是为我旺，我旺则胜，我者畏我之盛而反齐其化。此太商金运，胜金之火反齐金化，经所谓“畏其旺反同其化”是也。
天气洁，地气明。
王冰说：秋气高洁，金气同。张志聪说：天气洁，地气明，金气清也。
阳气随阴治化。
王冰说：阳顺阴而生化。张志聪说：阳明之上，燥气主之，是以阴金治化于上，而阳明之气在下随之。张介宾说：随后也。
燥行其政，物以司成。
王冰说：燥气行化，万物专司其成熟，无遗略也。张志聪说：秋主收成，故燥行其政，物以司成。张介宾说：燥行其政，气化乃坚，故司万物之成。
收气繁布，化洽不终。
王冰说：收杀气早，土之化不得终其用也。新校正说：详繁字疑误。张志聪说：秋主收，而长夏主化，收气早布，是以化洽不终。张介宾说：金之收气盛而蚤布，则洽之化气不得终其令也。洽，和也，泽也。
其谷稻黍。
王冰说：金火齐化也。新校正说：按本论上以麦为火之谷，当言其谷稻麦。张介宾说：稻为金谷，黍为火谷，金齐火化也。
其味辛酸苦。
王冰说：辛入酸苦，齐化。张介宾说：亦金木火三味也。张骥案：六庚年太商（金运太过）之岁。陈无择有牛膝木瓜汤方，用牛膝、木瓜、白芍、杜仲、黄松节、菟丝子、枸杞子、天麻、甘草、生姜、大枣。空心服四钱。缪问解此方说：用药之例，补肝血者可以从酸，补肝气者不可以从辛。何则？酸可育肝之阴，辛则劫肝之血也。方用牛膝酸平达下为君，木瓜酸温舒筋为臣，白芍和厥阴之阴，制肺金之横，杜仲养风木之气，自无辛烈之偏，重取肝阴最为有见。松节利血中之湿，菟丝入三阴之经，复以枸杞甘平润肺，合之天麻辛温息风，金安而木亦平，此则柔克之道也。
流衍之纪，是谓封藏。
王冰说：阴气大行，则天地封藏之化也，谓丙寅、丙子、丙戌、丙申、丙午、丙辰之年。张志聪说：水运太过，是为流衍，冬主闭藏，故谓封藏。马莳说：封藏者，阴气已上，阳气已下，天地之化至此而藏。《四气调神论》冬三月此谓闭藏。张介宾说：水之太过，是谓流衍，阳水之岁，六丙是也。水盛则阴气大行，天地闭而万物藏，故曰封藏。张骥案：此六丙年太羽（水运太过）之岁，是为我旺，我旺则胜，我者畏我之盛而反齐其化。此太羽水运，胜水之土反齐水化，经所谓“畏其旺者反同其化”是也。
寒司，物化天地严凝。
王冰说：阴之气也。张志聪说：寒气司化，故天气严凝。马莳说：凡物气之化，寒气司之，天地间皆严凝之气。张介宾说：阴气盛也。
藏政以布，长令不扬。
王冰说：藏气用则长化止，故令不发扬。张志聪说：水政以布，故火令不扬。张介宾说：水胜火也。
其谷豆稷。
王冰说：水齐土也。张介宾说：豆为水谷，稷为土谷，水有余则齐土化也。
其畜彘牛。
王冰说：齐孕育也。张介宾说：彘为水畜，牛为土畜，彘齐牛育也。
其味酸苦甘。
王冰说：咸入于苦甘，化齐焉。张介宾说：亦水火土味也。张骥案：六丙年太羽（水运太过）之岁。陈无择有黄连茯苓汤方，用黄连、黄芩、赤苓、半夏、通草、车前子、甘草、远志、麦冬、生姜、大枣。空心服四钱。缪问解此方说：内经气寒气凉，治以寒凉，立方妙在不理心阳而专利水。清热以黄连之可升可降，寒能胜热者，平其上下之热；更以黄芩之可左可右，逐水湿，清表热者，泄其内外之邪。茯苓半夏通利阳明，通草性轻，专疗浮肿，车前色黑，功达水源。甘草为九土之精，实御水，使水不陵心而心自安也。远志之辛，祛其谵妄，游刃有余。佐以麦冬养液保金，合车前可祛湿痹，又借半夏之辛以疏土，实用药之妙，岂思议所能及哉！
至真要大论帝曰：其主病何如？
[Background Information]
Book: Neijing Yao Yue (Clarifications on Medicinals in the Inner Canon)
Author: Zhang Ji (Qing Dynasty)
Chapter: Five Years (Part 2/3)
Category: Materia Medica
The harmonization of growth and virtue allows the fire administration to be proclaimed, resulting in the flourishing of all kinds of life.
Wang Bing stated: The qi of fire and earth share the same generative transformation; it is suitable for movement. Zhang Zhicong stated: Because growth harmonizes with virtue, myriad things flourish. Zhang Jiebin stated: When metal qi declines, fire qi takes advantage; when fire qi is prosperous, it receives assistance from earth. Thus, growth harmonizes with virtue, the fire administration is proclaimed, and all kinds of organisms flourish.
Its fruits are plums and apricots.
Wang Bing stated: Plums belong to wood, apricots belong to fire; they are fruits. Zhang Jiebin stated: Plums are wood fruits, apricots are fire fruits; due to the deficiency of metal, these two fruits form.
Their substance involves shells and veins.
Wang Bing stated: Fruits that have shells externally and branched veins internally. Zhang Jiebin stated: Shells belong to metal, veins belong to fire, having distinctions of prosperity and decline.
Its grains are hemp and wheat.
Wang Bing stated: Hemp belongs to wood, wheat belongs to fire; they are grains. Wheat has a red color. Zhang Jiebin stated: Hemp is a wood grain, wheat is a fire grain; these two grains form.
Its flavors are bitter and acrid.
Wang Bing stated: Bitter flavor prevails over acrid; acrid flavor also includes bitter. Zhang Jiebin stated: Bitter prevails while acrid declines.
Its animals are chickens and sheep.
Wang Bing stated: Metal follows the combined transformation of fire and earth. The New Correction states: Upon detailed examination, the animal of fire is the horse, and the animal of earth is the ox; since the text mentions sheep, Wang’s note says it follows the combined transformation of fire and earth as sheep. Perhaps the character "earth" in the note is very incorrect. Zhang Jiebin stated: Chickens are metal animals and should be weak; sheep are fire animals and should be strong. In *Jinkui Zhenyan Lun*, it is said that the animal of fire is the sheep. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Yi (Metal Transport Insufficient), Chen Wuzhe had a formula named Ziwan Tang, using Radix Asteris (Ziwan Rong), Cortex Mori Radicis (Sangbai Pi), Radix Ginseng (Renshen), Radix Astragali (Huangqi), Cortex Lycii (Digupi), Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). One version contains Rhizoma Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi) instead of Baishao. Take four qian on an empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: When metal is insufficient, Lung Qi becomes deficient, and Fire Qi exploits its weakness. Only by clearing fire and stopping leakage can one urgently rescue Lung Metal. Radix Asteris is bitter and warm, directing qi downward and harmonizing blood, treating cold, heat, and salinity; Cortex Mori Radicis is sweet and cold, nourishing blood and benefiting qi, meeting the needs of vomiting and livestock issues; Radix Ginseng consolidates formless qi to capture leaking Yin; Cortex Lycii clears latent fire in the Lungs and drains it; Semen Armeniacae Amarum astringes it; Radix Paeoniae Alba harmonizes it; Radix Glycyrrhizae tonifies Earth to generate Metal; Ginger and Jujube harmonize Ying and Wei, moderating the effects of various herbs at the highest level, allowing Ginseng and Astragalus to benefit the arms and hands. Generally, tonifying Earth can generate Metal, and solidifying Earth can resist Water pathogenic factors.
The record of dried-up streams is called "Reverse Yang."
Wang Bing stated: When Yin Qi is insufficient, it is replaced by Yang Qi, referring to Xin-Wei, Xin-Si, Xin-Mao, Xin-You, Xin-Hai, and Xin-Chou years. Zhang Zhicong stated: Water-Cold is insufficient, so Yang Qi counterattacks. Ma Shi stated: Zang Qi belongs to Water, Hua Qi belongs to Earth, Chang Qi belongs to Fire. Water Qi insufficiency means Yin Qi insufficiency, and Yang Qi counteracts it, which is Reverse Yang. All Bing-Xin years belong to Water Transport, but Xin, being Yin and soft, represents insufficiency. Thus, in the six Xin years of Yin Water, Yang Qi dominates. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Xin (Water Transport Insufficient), insufficiency means I am weak; when I am weak, what conquers me exploits my decline to combine its transformation. "Combine" means adopting their transformation to transform me. This is Shaoyu Water Transport; Earth that conquers Water comes to combine Earth transformation, i.e., the Classic says "exploiting weakness to share transformation." Thus, Zang Qi does not issue orders, and Hua Qi flourishes.
Zang orders are not issued, Hua Qi flourishes.
Wang Bing stated: Less Water leads to abundant Earth. Zhang Jiebin stated: Due to Water deficiency, Zang Qi does not function; due to Earth superiority, Hua Qi flourishes.
Chang Qi is proclaimed, hibernating insects do not hide.
Wang Bing stated: The Sun-Yang in the Earthly Branch contradicts the classic text. Jueyin and Yangming ruling Heaven aligns with the text. Zhang Zhicong stated: If Water order is not issued, Fire has no fear, so Chang Qi can be proclaimed. Yang-Heat counterattacks, causing hibernating insects not to hide. Note: Here, Shou Qi is not mentioned because Metal and Water do not offend, hence insufficiency.
Its fruits are dates and apricots.
Wang Bing stated: Dates belong to Earth, apricots belong to fire; they are fruits. Zhang Jiebin stated: Dates are Earth fruits, apricots are fire fruits; with Water insufficiency, these two fruits form.
Their substance is moist and fleshy.
Wang Bing stated: Moistness corresponds to Water, flesh corresponds to Earth transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Moistness responding to Water declines, flesh responding to Earth prospers.
Its grains are millet and broomcorn millet.
Wang Bing stated: Millet belongs to fire, broomcorn millet belongs to Earth; they are grains. The New Correction states: According to the earlier part of this treatise, wheat is the fire grain; mentioning millet here suggests "wheat" might be a typo for "millet." Although *Jinkui Zhenyan Lun* uses millet, this treatise uses wheat, so we should follow this chapter's text. Zhang Jiebin stated: Millet is a fire grain, broomcorn millet is an Earth grain; these two grains form. Note: *Jinkui Zhenyan Lun* says fire grain is millet, but this treatise says wheat; there seems to be an error between the two characters.
Its flavors are sweet and salty.
Wang Bing stated: Sweet enters into salty; sweet flavor is delicious. Zhang Jiebin stated: Sweet prevails while salty declines.
Its animals are pigs and oxen.
Wang Bing stated: Water follows Earth animals. Zhang Jiebin stated: Pigs are Water animals and should decline; oxen are Earth animals and should prosper. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Xin (Water Transport Insufficient), Chen Wuzhe had a Wuweizi Tang formula using Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi), Prepared Radix Aconiti (Fupian), Prepared Radix Rehmanniae (Shudi), Radix Morindae Officinalis (Bajitian), Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum (Lurong), Radix Eucommiae (Duzhong), Fructus Corni (Shanyuzhu), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Salt. Take four qian before meals. Miao Wen explained this formula: In Xin years, the record of dried-up streams often presents Kidney deficiency with dampness. However, expelling dampness injures Yin, overcoming dampness consumes Qi, both violating the prohibition against treating deficiency with deficiency. The Sovereign herb, Fructus Schisandrae, with sour astringency, gathers Yin and Yang Qi within Kan (Kidney); the Minister herb, Radix Aconiti entering Kan directly, urgently assists Kidney Yang, traversing meridians to drive away yin turbidity; the Assistant herbs, Prepared Radix Rehmanniae fills Kidney Yin, assisted by Fructus Schisandrae to protect sealing and storing; methods for treating the Kidney are complete. Radix Morindae enters Yin to remove bi-syndrome; Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum nourishes blood and benefits marrow. Liver desires pungency, supplemented by pungent Radix Eucommiae; Liver likes sourness, given with sour Fructus Corni. These two drugs work together to remove damp-bi and benefit joints; tonifying Liver benefits Kidney, following the principle that the son can make the mother substantial.
The record of generation is called "Opening Old."
Wang Bing stated: Objects rely on Wood Qi to generate and open the old, revealing their qualities. This refers to the six-year transformations of Ren-Shen, Ren-Wu, Ren-Chen, Ren-Yin, Ren-Zi, and Ren-Xu. HT: Ancient character for "Chen" (Old). Zhang Zhicong stated: Year of excessive Wood is called Generation; opening, spreading, and distributing is the image of dispersing Yang Harmony and generating all things. Ma Shi stated: *Siqi Tiaoshen Lun* says in spring three months, this is called "Fa Chen" (Developing Old); this chapter says "Qi Chen" (Opening Old), both describing the imagery of generation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Below details the record of excess, Yang-gang Wood, specifically the six Ren years. Dispersing Yang Harmony, generating all things is the image. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Ren (Wood Transport Excessive), excess means I am prosperous; when I am prosperous, I conquer, and those who conquer me fear my strength and reverse to match my transformation. This Taijiao Wood Transport, conquered by Metal, reverses to match Wood transformation, as the Classic says "fearing prosperity, one shares the transformation."
Earth is loose and draining, Azure Qi reaches.
Wang Bing stated: Sheng Qi rises, so Earth body is loose and draining; Wood’s exclusive administration causes Azure Qi to reach upward. Reaching means passing, exiting, moving. Zhang Zhicong stated: Earth obtains control and transformation, thus governing loose drainage; Azure Qi is Wood Qi. Zhang Jiebin stated: Wood Qi moves, Sheng Qi reaches, so Earth body is loose and patent.
Yang Harmony spreads transformation, Yin Qi follows.
Wang Bing stated: Shaoyang first generates on the surface of all things, Jueyin subsequently circulates among all phenomena. Zhang Zhicong stated: Above Jueyin, Wind-Wood governs; thus Yang Harmony spreads above, and Yin Qi follows below. Zhang Jiebin stated: Wood and Fire generate each other, so Yang Harmony spreads; as Yang Qi advances daily, Yin Qi retreats daily. "Follow" implies "follows later."
Sheng Qi purifies transformation, all things become glorious.
Wang Bing stated: Year Wood is surplus, Metal does not overcome; Sheng Order spreads transformation, so objects expand and glorify. Zhang Zhicong stated: Sheng Qi is surplus, so all things feel it and become lush. Zhang Jiebin stated: Wood Qi is surplus, thus able to purify transformation to glorify all things.
Its grains are hemp and rice.
Wang Bing stated: Wood transforms Metal. Zhang Jiebin stated: Hemp is Wood grain, Rice is Metal grain, matching their transformation.
Its animals are chickens and dogs.
Wang Bing stated: Matching chicken gestation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Chicken is Metal animal, Dog is Wood animal; Dog matches Chicken.
Its fruits are plums and peaches.
Wang Bing stated: Plum matches Peach fruit. Zhang Jiebin stated: Plum is Wood fruit, Peach is Metal fruit; Plum matches Peach.
Its flavors are sour, sweet, and acrid.
Wang Bing stated: Sour enters Sweet, Acrid matches transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: The three flavors correspond to Wood, Earth, and Metal. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Ren (Wood Transport Excessive), Chen Wuzhe had a Fuling Tang formula using Poria (Fuling), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Fructus Tsaoko (Caoguo), Pericarpium Magnoliae Officinalis (N Houpo), Pinellia Ternata (Banxia), Prepared Rhizoma Zingiberis (Pao Jiang), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Qingpi), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). Take six qian per dose, on an empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: Wind-dominance is treated with bitter and sweet, treating Zang first by unblocking Fu. Thus, Poria is Sovereign to drain Spleen dampness; Atractylodes and Licorice are Ministers, one bitter and one sweet, tonifying Spleen substance; Caoguo and Houpo are Assistants, pungent and aromatic to guide stagnation and promote Spleen function; Banxia assists pungent and bland functions; Pao Jiang provides scorched-bitter aid. Methods for treating Spleen are exhausted here. For wind-dominance pacification, urgently add sour Qingpi, combined with sweet Gancao, i.e., "drain with sour, moderate with sweet." Ginger and Jujube regulate Ying and benefit Wei, essential for treatment. Truly, treating disease requires seeking the root.
The record of blazing heat is called "Flourishing and Lush."
Wang Bing stated: Objects encountering Sun-Yang flourish and become lush, referring to Wu-Chen, Wu-Yin, Wu-Zi, Wu-Xu, Wu-Shen, and Wu-Wu years. The New Correction states: Or perhaps "Sun-Yang" in the note should be "Tai Zheng." Detailed notes on excess of Wood, Earth, Metal, and Water do not mention Jiao, Gong, Shang, Yu transports, but Water excess note says "Yin Qi greatly acts"; this Fire excess says objects encounter Sun-Yang, how can it be called Tai Zheng? Zhang Zhicong stated: Year Fire is excessive, called Blaze, Chang Qi is prosperous, so grass and trees flourish. Ma Shi stated: Flourishing and lush means all things grow abundantly, described from meteorological perspective. *Siqi Tiaoshen Lun* summer three months says "Fan Xiu," consistent with this meaning. Zhang Jiebin stated: Six Wu years are all Yang-gang Fire; Yang prosperity means all things prosper, hence "Flourishing and Lush." Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Wu (Fire Transport Excessive), excess means I am prosperous; those who conquer me fear my strength and reverse to match my transformation. This Taizheng Fire Transport, conquered by Water, reverses to match Fire transformation, as the Classic says "fearing prosperity, one shares the transformation."
Yin Qi transforms internally, Yang Qi glories externally.
Wang Bing stated: Yin and Yang Qi obtain their order. Zhang Zhicong stated: Above Shaoyin, Jun Fire governs, thus Yin Qi transforms internally, Yang Qi glories externally. Zhang Jiebin stated: Yin descends below, Yang ascends above.
Blazing heat applies transformation, objects thrive.
Wang Bing stated: Because Chang Qi is abundant. Zhang Zhicong stated: Blazing heat applies transformation, governing Summer commands; objects thrive by receiving Chang Qi. Zhang Jiebin stated: It is the root of Yang Qi generation.
Its grains are wheat and beans.
Wang Bing stated: Fire matches Water transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Wheat is Fire grain, Beans are Water grain; Wheat matches Beans.
Its animals are sheep and pigs.
Wang Bing stated: Matching gestation. The New Correction states: Earlier in this treatise, Horse is Fire animal; mentioning Sheep here suggests "Horse" might be a typo for "Sheep." *Jinkui Zhenyan Lun* and *Zangqi Fazhi Lun* both use Sheep, but this treatise uses Horse, so we should follow this treatise's text. Zhang Jiebin stated: Sheep is Fire animal, Pig is Water animal; their gestation matches.
Its fruits are apricots and chestnuts.
Wang Bing stated: Equal fruits. Zhang Jiebin stated: Apricot is Fire fruit, Chestnut is Water fruit; they are equal.
Its flavors are bitter, acrid, and salty.
Wang Bing stated: Acrid substances combine Bitter and Salty, transforming equally. Zhang Jiebin stated: Also Fire, Metal, and Water three flavors. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Wu (Fire Transport Excessive), Chen Wuzhe had Maidong Tang formula using Radix Ophiopogonis (Maidong), Radix Ginseng (Renshen), Cortex Mori Radicis (Sangpi), Radix Asteris (Ziwan), Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia), Rhizoma Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi), Folium Bambusae (Zhuye), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). Take four qian on empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: Ophiopogon nourishes Lung Yin, Ginseng benefits Lung Qi. Zhang Jiegu stated Ginseng is bitter and sweet, sweet can drain fire; Ophiopogon is bitter, also draining Heart Yang, saving Metal and suppressing Fire, achieving both advantages. Cortex Mori is sweet and cold, Radix Asteris slightly acrid, opens depression; Pinellia and Licorice benefit Spleen Earth, tonifying the mother when deficient; Angelica is pungent and fragrant, disperses Lung Wind-Damp; Bamboo leaf is ascending, guides medicine upward. Methods for tonifying Lung are complete.
The record of towering mounds is called "Broad Transformation."
Wang Bing stated: Earth surplus, so Hua Qi broadly covers objects, referring to Jia-Zi, Jia-Xu, Jia-Shen, Jia-Wu, Jia-Chen, and Jia-Yin years. Zhang Zhicong stated: Earth Transport excessive is called Dunfu, Earth Qi is prosperous and Hua Qi spreads to four directions, hence Broad Transformation. Ma Shi stated: Broadly spreading transformation, also from meteorological perspective. Zhang Jiebin stated: Earth excess is called Dunfu, six Jia years are all Yang-gang Earth; Earth Hua Qi broadly covers objects, hence Broad Transformation. Zhang Ji’s case: These six Jia years are Taigong (Earth Transport Excessive), meaning I am prosperous; when I am prosperous, I conquer, and those who conquer me fear my strength and reverse to match my transformation. This Taigong Earth Transport, conquered by Wood, reverses to match Earth transformation, as the Classic says "fearing prosperity, one shares the transformation."
Thick Virtue is clear and quiet, following Growth to fill.
Wang Bing stated: Earth nature is compliant and non-contentious, so Virtue is thick but not irritable, following Fire’s growth to make all things' Hua Qi full. Zhang Zhicong stated: Thick Virtue and clear quietness are Earth's substance; following Growth to fill is Fire-Earth combined transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Earth Virtue is extremely thick, Earth nature is extremely quiet, following Fire’s long Qi to fulfill administration, Earth is born from Fire.
Extreme Yin is solid internally, object transformation is filled and completed.
Wang Bing stated: Extreme Yin is Earth essence. All things’ transformation relies on Extreme Yin spiritual Qi generating internally. Zhang Zhicong stated: Above Taiyin, Damp-Earth governs, thus Extreme Yin is solid internally, object transformation is filled and completed. Taiyin is the extreme Yin within Yin; only after Yin Qi is solid internally can it transform objects externally. Zhang Jiebin stated: Extremely thick and quiet, hence called Extreme Yin. All things’ transformation relies on Earth, so object transformation is filled and completed.
Smoke and haze appear in thick soil.
Wang Bing stated: Thick soil is mountains; smoke and haze are Earth Qi. Zhang Zhicong stated: Smoke and haze are Earth Qi; thick soil appears between hills. Zhang Jiebin stated: Earth is originally thick soil, especially thick in mountains and rivers. Smoke and haze are Earth Qi, hence appearing here.
Heavy rain occurs frequently, Damp Qi acts, Dry Administration retreats.
Wang Bing stated: When Damp Qi acts, Dry Administration retreats, natural logic. Zhang Zhicong stated: Heavy rain occurs, Damp Qi steams upward, eventually becoming excessive rain. Retreat means avoid. At summer-autumn transition, Damp-Earth governs, Damp Qi is strong, thus Autumn Dry Qi retreats. Zhang Jiebin stated: Earth transforms Damp; when Damp Qi acts, Dry Qi retreats.
Its grains are broomcorn millet and hemp.
Wang Bing stated: Earth and Wood match transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Broomcorn millet is Earth grain, Hemp is Wood grain, Earth matches Wood transformation.
Its animals are oxen and dogs.
Wang Bing stated: Matching gestation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Ox is Earth animal, Dog is Wood animal; their gestation matches.
Its fruits are dates and plums.
Wang Bing stated: Earth matches Wood transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Date is Earth fruit, Plum is Wood fruit. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Jia (Earth Transport Excessive), Chen Wuzhe had Fuzi Shanyu Tang formula using Prepared Radix Aconiti (Fupian), Fructus Corni (Shanyu), Fructus Mume (Wumei), Fructus Papaveris (Mugua), Pericarpium Arecae (Roukou), Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia), Fructus Tingitidis (Dingxiang), Radix Aucklandoniae (Muxiang), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). Take four qian on empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: Classic says Damp dominance inside is treated with bitter-hot. Aconite, with great heat and pure Yang, reaches Kan Yang directly to eliminate Yin shadows, treating Kidney and simultaneously Spleen. But Aconite is pungent and penetrating, requiring maintenance, like Bai Shao in Zhenwu Tang or Wuweizi in Dihuang Yinzi. Without assisting with sour Shanyu, how can it enter Kidney without fearing fluid depletion? Without accompanying sedating Wumei, how can it return to Earth without fearing drying Lung? Zang should be tonified, already having Shanyu to cultivate Yi Wood; Fu should be drained, additionally having Mugua to drain Jia Wood. Pacifying Jia and Yi benefits Wu and Ji. Roukou is pungent and warm, assisting Earth; Banxia drains dampness; Muxiang treats Stomach; Mugua and Wumei treat flaccidity; Ginger and Jujube harmonize Middle. Insight is radiant.
The record of firm completion is called "Gathering and Pulling."
Wang Bing stated: Gathering and restraining, Yang Qi gathers, Yin Qi acts, so all things contract, referring to Geng-Wu, Geng-Chen, Geng-Yin, Geng-Zi, Geng-Xu, and Geng-Shen years. Zhang Zhicong stated: Year Metal is excessive, named Jiancheng, Autumn command governs gathering, called Gathering and Pulling. Ma Shi stated: Gathering and pulling means Yang Qi contracts and Yin Qi extends, from Metal’s gathering command perspective. *Siqi Tiaoshen Lun* calls it Rongping, also from meteorological perspective. Zhang Jiebin stated: Metal excess is called Jiancheng, six Geng years are Yang Metal. Metal victory means Gathering Qi greatly acts, hence Gathering and Pulling. Pulling means Yin is strong, Yang is weak, all things are drawn back and avoid. Zhang Ji’s case: These six Geng years are Taishang (Metal Transport Excessive), meaning I am prosperous; when I am prosperous, I conquer, and those who conquer me fear my strength and reverse to match my transformation. This Taishang Metal Transport, conquered by Fire, reverses to match Metal transformation, as the Classic says "fearing prosperity, one shares the transformation."
Heaven Qi is clean, Earth Qi is bright.
Wang Bing stated: Autumn Qi is high and clean, same as Metal Qi. Zhang Zhicong stated: Heaven Qi is clean, Earth Qi is bright, Metal Qi is clear.
Yang Qi follows Yin to govern transformation.
Wang Bing stated: Yang follows Yin to generate and transform. Zhang Zhicong stated: Above Yangming, Dry Qi governs, thus Yin Metal governs transformation above, and Yangming Qi follows below. Zhang Jiebin stated: Following behind.
Dry Qi exercises its administration, objects manage completion.
Wang Bing stated: Dry Qi applies transformation, all things specially manage their maturation without omission. Zhang Zhicong stated: Autumn governs harvest, so Dry Qi exercises administration, objects manage completion. Zhang Jiebin stated: Dry Qi exercises administration, Qi transformation becomes firm, thus managing completion of all things.
Gathering Qi spreads profusely, Harmonious transformation does not finish.
Wang Bing stated: Gathering killing Qi arrives early, Earth’s transformation cannot finish its use. The New Correction states: Profuse character is suspected to be erroneous. Zhang Zhicong stated: Autumn governs gathering, Changxia governs transformation; Gathering Qi spreads early, thus Harmonious transformation does not finish. Zhang Jiebin stated: Metal’s Gathering Qi is strong and spreads early, so Harmonious Qi cannot finish its command. Harmonious means gentle and moistening.
Its grains are rice and millet.
Wang Bing stated: Metal and Fire match transformation. The New Correction states: Earlier in this treatise, Wheat is Fire grain; should say grains are Rice and Wheat. Zhang Jiebin stated: Rice is Metal grain, Millet is Fire grain, Metal matches Fire transformation.
Its animals are chickens and horses.
Wang Bing stated: Matching gestation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Metal and Fire two animals, gestation matches.
Its fruits are peaches and apricots.
Wang Bing stated: Metal and Fire match fruiting. Zhang Jiebin stated: Metal matches Fire fruiting.
Its flavors are acrid, sour, and bitter.
Wang Bing stated: Acrid enters Sour and Bitter, matching transformation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Also Metal, Wood, and Fire three flavors. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Geng (Metal Transport Excessive), Chen Wuzhe had Niuxi Mugua Tang formula using Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Niuxi), Fructus Papaveris (Mugua), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao), Radix Eucommiae (Duzhong), Ramulus Pinus Massoniana (Huang Songjie), Semen Cuscutae (Tusizi), Fructus Lycii (Gouqizi), Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Tianma), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). Take four qian on empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: Principle of medication: Tonifying Liver Blood can follow sour, tonifying Liver Qi cannot follow acrid. Why? Sour can nurture Liver Yin, Acrid robs Liver Blood. Formula uses Achyranthus, sour and neutral, reaching down as Sovereign; Papaya, sour and warm, relaxing sinews as Minister; Baishao harmonizes Jueyin Yin, controls Lung Metal horizontal invasion; Duzhong nourishes Wind-Wood Qi, naturally avoiding pungent-arid bias, heavily taking Liver Yin is most insightful. Pine joint drains dampness in blood; Cuscuta enters three Yin meridians; Goji berry, sweet and neutral, moistens Lung; combined with Gastrodia, pungent and warm, extinguishes wind; Metal is safe and Wood is calm, this is the way of soft overcoming hard.
The record of flowing abundance is called "Sealing and Storing."
Wang Bing stated: Yin Qi greatly acts, then Heaven and Earth seal and store transformation, referring to Bing-Yin, Bing-Zi, Bing-Xu, Bing-Shen, Bing-Wu, and Bing-Chen years. Zhang Zhicong stated: Water Transport excessive is called Liuyan, Winter governs closing and storing, hence called Sealing and Storing. Ma Shi stated: Sealing and storing means Yin Qi is up, Yang Qi is down, Heaven and Earth transformation hides here. *Siqi Tiaoshen Lun* winter three months says Bi Cang. Zhang Jiebin stated: Water excess is called Liuyan, Yang Water years, six Bing are them. Water prosperity means Yin Qi greatly acts, Heaven and Earth close and all things hide, hence Sealing and Storing. Zhang Ji’s case: These six Bing years are Taiyu (Water Transport Excessive), meaning I am prosperous; when I am prosperous, I conquer, and those who conquer me fear my strength and reverse to match my transformation. This Taiyu Water Transport, conquered by Earth, reverses to match Water transformation, as the Classic says "fearing prosperity, one shares the transformation."
Cold governs, object transformation, Heaven and Earth are strict and congealed.
Wang Bing stated: Yin Qi. Zhang Zhicong stated: Cold Qi governs transformation, thus Heaven Qi is strict and congealed. Ma Shi stated: All things’ transformation is governed by Cold Qi; Heaven and Earth are all strict and congealed Qi. Zhang Jiebin stated: Yin Qi is prosperous.
Zang Administration is spread, Chang Command does not rise.
Wang Bing stated: When Zang Qi acts, Chang transformation stops, thus command does not rise. Zhang Zhicong stated: Water Administration is spread, thus Fire Command does not rise. Zhang Jiebin stated: Water conquers Fire.
Its grains are beans and broomcorn millet.
Wang Bing stated: Water matches Earth. Zhang Jiebin stated: Beans are Water grain, Broomcorn millet is Earth grain; Water surplus matches Earth transformation.
Its animals are pigs and oxen.
Wang Bing stated: Matching gestation. Zhang Jiebin stated: Pig is Water animal, Ox is Earth animal; Pig matches Ox gestation.
Its fruits are chestnuts and dates.
Wang Bing stated: Water and Earth match fruiting. Zhang Jiebin stated: Chestnut matches Date fruiting.
Its flavors are sour, bitter, and sweet.
Wang Bing stated: Salty enters Bitter and Sweet, transforming equally. Zhang Jiebin stated: Also Water, Fire, and Earth flavors. Zhang Ji’s case: In years of Six Bing (Water Transport Excessive), Chen Wuzhe had Huanglian Fuling Tang formula using Radix Coptidis (Huanglian), Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin), Polyporus (Chiling), Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia), Herba Verbenae (Tongcao), Semen Plantaginis (Cheqianzi), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Radix Polygala (Yuanzhi), Radix Ophiopogonis (Maidong), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang), and Fructus Jujubae (Dazao). Take four qian on empty stomach. Miao Wen explained this formula: *Neijing* says Qi is cold and cool, treat with cold and cool. The prescription’s wonder lies not in regulating Heart Yang but solely in promoting Water. Clearing heat with Coptidis, capable of ascending and descending, cold overcoming heat, levels upper and lower heat; further with Scutellaria, capable of left and right, driving water-damp, clearing exterior heat, drains internal and external pathogens. Poria and Pinellia unblock Yangming; Tongcao is light, specifically treating edema; Cheqian is black, power reaches water source. Licorice is essence of nine Earths, truly resisting Water, making Water not overwhelm Heart so Heart is peaceful. Polygala’s pungency removes delirium, handling with ease. Assisted by Ophiopogon to nourish fluid and protect Metal, combined with Cheqian to remove damp-bi, again borrowing Pinellia’s pungency to loosen Earth. Practical application’s wonder, how can thought reach it!
Supreme Truth Essential Discussion, Emperor said: How are the diseases they govern?