呕逆属胃寒者，人果知用丁香、柿蒂散温之矣。然有其气，自脐下直冲于胸嗌间，
呃忒者，此阴证呃忒也。其病本不在胃，因内有伏阴，或误服寒药，遂至冷极于下，迫
火上冲，发为呃忒而欲尽也。真气虚脱，多不可治，有病患烦躁，自觉甚热，他人以手
按其肌肤则冷，此皆为无根失守之火，散乱
为热，非实热也。乃水极似火，阴症似阳。若不识此，误用凉药，下咽则死，当用羌活
附子汤加官桂、人参、木香、陈皮、半夏、砂仁，急温其下真阳回，阴火降，呃忒自
止。若概以丁香、柿蒂、病大药小，误人多矣。
夫咳有声而痰微，嗽有痰而声微，总因肺气逆而不收，冲击咽喉。如痒如梗，然受
寒而即咳嗽，此寒未变热，治为寒嗽，及至四五六日而咳嗽者，是寒已成热，治为热
嗽，如停饮而咳者，治宜渗泄或利之。如臭痰作咳，胸痛频频，此发肺痈之候也。如舌
干口燥，火气上升，咳逆不止，其脉洪大者，是心火乘肺也。如久嗽不已，稠痰夹血，
是肺气受伤也。实者，清火以安肺，虚者，滋水以涵金。
白苔者，是热聚丹田，寒留胸膈，湿气熏蒸所致，治宜燥湿和中。又曰∶滑白色
者，邪未入腑，半表半里也。宜细瞧之。热入渐深，则燥而涩矣。舌上黄苔者，胃腑有
邪热也，宜下之。舌上有黑苔，生芒刺者，所属有二，非水来克火，为寒极，即火极似
水，为热极，以脉迟数无力有力辨之、一宜理中汤，一宜大承气汤。然十有九死之症也。
凡呕吐呃逆属于胃寒的，人们如果知道用丁香、柿蒂散来温中治疗就可以了。然而有一种气，从脐下直冲至胸咽之间，发出呃逆声的，这是阴证呃逆。这种病的根本不在胃，而是因为体内有伏留的阴寒，或者误服了寒凉药物，导致下部寒冷至极，逼迫虚火向上冲逆，从而引发呃逆并伴有元气将竭的危险征兆。真气虚弱欲脱，大多难以治愈。如果有病人感到烦躁，自觉身体非常热，但他人用手触摸其肌肤却是冷的，这都是无根且失守的虚火，因散乱而表现为热象，并非实热。这就是“水极似火”、“阴证似阳”的表现。如果不识别这一点，误用寒凉药物，服药后就会死亡。应当使用羌活附子汤，加入官桂、人参、木香、陈皮、半夏、砂仁，紧急温补下焦的真阳，使真阳回复，阴火下降，呃逆自然停止。如果一概使用丁香、柿蒂散，往往因为病情重而药力轻，误导了许多人。
咳嗽有声而痰少，咳痰无声或声微，总归是因为肺气上逆而不能收敛，冲击咽喉。感觉如痒如梗塞感。如果是受寒后立即出现咳嗽，这是寒邪尚未化热，治疗应按寒嗽处理；到了第四五六天还咳嗽的，是寒邪已经化热，治疗应按热嗽处理；如果是因停饮（水饮停留）而咳嗽的，治疗宜采用渗湿泄浊或利水的方法。如果咳出臭痰，频繁胸痛，这是肺痈发作的征候。如果舌干口燥，火气上升，咳嗽不止，脉象洪大的，这是心火乘袭肺金。如果久咳不愈，稠痰中带血，这是肺气受伤。实证，清泻火热以安肺；虚证，滋补肾水以涵养肺金。
舌苔白，是热邪聚集于丹田（下焦），寒邪留滞于胸膈，湿气熏蒸所致，治疗宜燥湿和中。又说：舌苔滑白的，说明邪气未入腑，处于半表半里之间。应当仔细审视。热邪逐渐深入，舌苔就会变得干燥涩滞。舌上有黄苔，是胃腑有邪热，宜用攻下法。舌上有黑苔，且生芒刺的，所属病机有两种：要么是肾水克制心火，为寒极；要么是火极似水，为热极，需通过脉象迟数、有力无力来辨别。一种适宜用理中汤，一种适宜用大承气汤。但这都是十有八九会死亡的危重症。
For vomiting and hiccup caused by stomach cold, people should know to use Dingxiang Shidi San (Clove and Persimmon Calyx Powder) to warm the middle. However, there is a condition where Qi rushes directly from below the navel to the chest and throat, causing hiccups; this is Yin-pattern hiccup. The root of this disease lies not in the Stomach, but in latent Yin-cold within, or due to the mistaken administration of cold-natured medicines, leading to extreme cold at the lower part, forcing deficient fire to rush upward, resulting in hiccups and signs of impending collapse of vital energy. When true Qi is deficient and on the verge of depletion, it is mostly incurable. If a patient feels irritable and perceives intense heat internally, yet their skin feels cold to the touch, these are all manifestations of rootless and unanchored fire scattering and appearing as heat, rather than excess heat. This is described as "extreme water resembling fire" and "Yin pattern resembling Yang." If this is not recognized and cold-natured medicines are mistakenly used, death will ensue upon ingestion. One should employ Qianghuo Fuzi Tang (Notopterygium and Aconite Decoction) with added Guigui (Cinnamon Twig), Renshen (Ginseng), Muxiang (Aucklandia), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Banxia (Pinellia), and Sharen (Amomum), urgently warming the True Yang of the lower Jiao. Once True Yang returns and Yin-fire descends, the hiccups will cease naturally. If one indiscriminately uses Dingxiang Shidi San, the medicine is often too weak for the severity of the illness, misleading many patients.
Coughing with sound but little phlegm, or expectoration with little sound, generally results from Lung Qi rebelling and failing to descend, striking the throat. It may feel like itching or obstruction. If coughing occurs immediately after exposure to cold, the cold has not yet transformed into heat, so it should be treated as Cold Cough. If coughing persists until the fourth, fifth, or sixth day, the cold has transformed into heat, so it should be treated as Heat Cough. If coughing is caused by retained fluid (Phlegm-Fluid retention), treatment should focus on promoting diuresis or draining dampness. If foul-smelling phlegm is coughed up accompanied by frequent chest pain, this indicates the onset of Lung Abscess (Fei Yong). If the tongue is dry and the mouth parched, with rising fire, incessant coughing, and a surging pulse, this indicates Heart Fire invading the Lungs. If chronic cough persists with thick phlegm mixed with blood, this indicates injury to Lung Qi. In Excess patterns, clear fire to pacify the Lungs; in Deficiency patterns, nourish Water to generate Metal (Lung).
A white coating on the tongue indicates heat accumulating in the Dantian (Lower Jiao) and cold lingering in the chest and diaphragm, caused by dampness steaming. Treatment should focus on drying dampness and harmonizing the middle. It is also said: a slippery white coating indicates that the pathogen has not entered the Fu organs, remaining in the Half-Exterior Half-Interior stage. Careful observation is required. As heat penetrates deeper, the coating becomes dry and rough. A yellow coating on the tongue indicates excess heat in the Stomach Fu organ, requiring purgation. A black coating with prickles on the tongue involves two possible pathomechanisms: either Water overcoming Fire, indicating extreme cold; or Fire resembling Water, indicating extreme heat. These must be distinguished by the pulse—whether slow or rapid, weak or forceful. One situation requires Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), while the other requires Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction). However, these are conditions with a mortality rate of nine out of ten.