禀天地清阳之气以生，故味甘平微寒无毒。气味俱薄，浮而升阳也，为足阳明，太
阴引经的药，亦入手阳明大肠。清热散表宜生用，入升托补药蜜酒拌炒用，入升提收敛
药，宜醋炒用。
升麻，气平微寒，乃手足阳明，太阴引经之药。凡太阳证忌服，否则，犹引贼破
家，主治杀百毒，百精殃鬼，辟诸瘴诸疫瘟邪；去伤风于皮肤，散发热于肌肉；止头
痛、喉痛、齿痛并中恶腹痛；理口疮、疥疮、斑疮及豌豆烂疮；治风肿风痫，疗肺痈
肺痿。升发火郁，开提清气，下利后重，崩带脱肛，能升阳气于至阴之下，故补中汤用
升麻，引足阳明清气，右旋上行，用柴胡引，足少阳清气，左旋上行，助参 苓术以
补脾胃中之元气。
主治（痘疹合参） 疗肌肉间热，主脾胃，解百毒，能升提阳气，故用以升发痘毒
出表，乃疮家之圣药。发热时用以解发，但用大过，恐有倒陷之患，故不宜过用。痘后
元气下陷亦用之。
按∶升麻禀极清之气于九天，故元气不足者，用此于阴中升阳，如泻痢崩淋脱肛遗
浊等症，仗其升提，盖虚人之气，升少降多。《经》曰∶阴经所奉其人寿，阳经所降
其人夭。东垣摘入补中汤中，独窥其微矣。但气逆呕吐，上盛下虚者，切勿轻投。
得土之辛味兼感天之阳气以生，故其味辛气平无毒，暖浮而升阳也。入足厥阴经。
厥阴为风木之脏，故治一切风症。拣囫囵肥大者，酒浸一日，夜湿粗纸裹煨，锉片用。
天麻，治小儿风痫惊悸，大人风热头眩，驱湿痹拘挛，主瘫痪语塞，疏痰气通血
脉，开窍除风湿，利腰膝强筋，搜风润燥，益气强阴，为肝经治风之神剂，有自内达外
之功。但虽曰肝虚不足者，以此补之，然系气分之药，必血药佐之。则肝胆性气内作之
风，自可潜息矣。若血虚无风者，不可妄投，益虽不甚燥，毕竟是风药，能助火耳。
主治（痘疹合参） 疗风热头眩，治淋痹惊痫，通血脉，开关窍，凡初发热有前症
者可用。
升麻禀受天地清阳之气而生，所以味道甘平、微寒，无毒。其气味都很淡薄，性质浮升，能助长阳气，是足阳明胃经和足太阴脾经的引经药，同时也进入手阳明大肠经。清热解表宜生用；若要配合升托补益的药物，需用蜜酒拌炒后使用；若要配合升提收敛的药物，宜用醋炒后使用。
升麻，气平微寒，是手足阳明经和足太阴经的引经药。凡是太阳病证忌服，否则就像引贼入室破坏家宅一样有害。主治杀百毒、百精及鬼魅邪气，辟除各种瘴气和瘟疫邪气；驱散皮肤间的伤风邪气，发散肌肉间的热邪；止头痛、喉痛、齿痛以及中恶腹痛；治疗口疮、疥疮、斑疹疮疡及豌豆烂疮；治疗风肿和风痫，治愈肺痈和肺痿。升麻能升发火郁之气，开提清气，治疗痢疾后的里急后重感，崩漏带下及脱肛症，能将阳气从至阴之下提升上来，所以在补中益气汤中使用升麻，以引导足阳明胃经的清气向右旋转上行，并用柴胡作为引导，使足少阳胆经的清气向左旋转上行，辅助人参、茯苓、白术来补益脾胃中的元气。
【主治（痘疹合参）】治疗肌肉间的发热，主理脾胃，解除百毒，能升提阳气，因此用来升发痘毒使其透出体表，是疮疡家的圣药。发热时用它来解表透疹，但如果用量过大，恐怕有导致痘毒内陷的危险，所以不宜过量使用。痘疹后期元气下陷时也使用它。
按语：升麻禀受了九天极清之气，所以对于元气不足的人，在滋阴的同时用它来升举阳气，如泻痢、崩淋、脱肛、遗浊等症状，依靠它的升提作用。大概是因为虚人的气机，升少降多。《内经》说：“阴经之气奉养于人则长寿，阳经之气下降于人则夭折。”李东垣将其摘取放入补中益气汤中，独自洞察了其中的微妙之处。但是，对于气逆呕吐、上盛下虚的患者，切勿轻易投用。
天麻得土之辛味并兼感天之阳气而生，所以味道辛、气平，无毒，性暖而浮，能升阳。进入足厥阴肝经。厥阴是风木之脏，所以治疗一切风症。挑选完整肥大者，用酒浸泡一天，夜间用湿粗纸包裹煨熟，切片使用。
天麻，治疗小儿风痫惊悸，成人风热引起的头晕目眩，驱除湿痹导致的拘挛，主理瘫痪和言语不利，疏通痰气、血脉，开窍除风湿，利腰膝、强筋骨，搜剔风邪、润燥，益气强阴，是肝经治疗风证的特效药，具有由内达外的功效。虽然说是肝虚不足者可以用它来补益，但它属于气分药物，必须配合血药作为佐使。那么肝胆内部产生的风气，自然可以潜息。如果是血虚无风者，不可妄加投用，因为虽然它不是很燥烈，但毕竟是风药，容易助火。
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) is born from the clear and yang qi of heaven and earth, hence its taste is sweet, neutral, slightly cold, and non-toxic. Its aroma and flavor are both thin, with a floating and ascending nature that boosts yang qi. It serves as a guiding herb for the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian and the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, and also enters the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. To clear heat and scatter the exterior, it should be used raw; to assist in lifting and tonifying formulas, it should be stir-fried with honey and wine; to assist in lifting and astringent formulas, it should be stir-fried with vinegar.
Shengma has a neutral and slightly cold nature, serving as a guiding herb for the Hand and Foot Yangming Meridians and the Foot Taiyin Meridian. It is contraindicated in Taiyang syndrome (Taiyang disease); otherwise, it would be like inviting thieves to destroy one's home. It treats killing hundred poisons, hundred essences, and ghostly afflictions, repelling various miasmas and epidemic pathogens; expelling wind-cold from the skin and dispersing heat from the muscles; stopping headache, sore throat, toothache, and abdominal pain due to sudden evil; managing mouth ulcers, scabies, eruptive sores, and pockmark ulcers; treating wind swelling and wind epilepsy, and healing lung abscesses and lung atrophy. Shengma raises fire depression, lifts clear qi, treats tenesmus after dysentery, uterine bleeding, leukorrhea, and rectal prolapse, capable of raising yang qi from below the extreme yin. Therefore, in Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction), Shengma is used to guide the clear qi of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian to ascend rotating rightward, assisted by Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to guide the clear qi of the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian to ascend rotating leftward, assisting Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) to tonify the primordial qi in the spleen and stomach.
[Main Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rash)] Treats heat between the muscles, governs the spleen and stomach, resolves hundred poisons, and can lift yang qi. Thus, it is used to raise smallpox toxins to the surface, making it a sacred herb for wound practitioners. When fever occurs, it is used to resolve and vent; however, excessive use may cause the risk of collapse or sinking inward, so it should not be overused. It is also used when primordial qi sinks after smallpox/rash.
Commentary: Shengma receives the extremely clear qi from the highest heavens. Therefore, for those with insufficient primordial qi, it is used to raise yang within yin, such as in cases of diarrhea-dysentery, metrorrhagia, stranguria, rectal prolapse, and turbid urine, relying on its lifting action. Generally, the qi of deficient persons ascends little and descends much. The *Classic* states: "When the qi of the Yin meridians nourishes the person, they live long; when the qi of the Yang meridians descends upon the person, they die young." Li Dongyuan extracted it into Buzhong Yiqi Tang, uniquely perceiving its subtleties. However, for those with rebellious qi and vomiting, or upper excess and lower deficiency, it must never be lightly administered.
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) obtains the pungent flavor of earth and perceives the yang qi of heaven to be born, hence its taste is pungent, nature neutral, non-toxic, warm, floating, and ascending. It enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. Jueyin is the zang organ of wind-wood, thus treating all wind syndromes. Select whole, plump, and large rhizomes, soak them in wine for one day, wrap them in damp coarse paper overnight and bake until cooked, then slice for use.
Tianma treats pediatric wind epilepsy and palpitations, adult wind-heat dizziness, drives out damp bi and spasms, governs paralysis and aphasia, disperses phlegm qi and unblocks blood vessels, opens orifices and dispels wind-damp, benefits waist and knees, strengthens sinews, searches out wind and moistens dryness, supplements qi and strengthens yin. It is a divine agent for treating wind in the Liver Meridian, possessing the efficacy of reaching from the interior to the exterior. Although it is said that those with liver deficiency and insufficiency can be supplemented with it, since it is a qi-moving herb, it must be assisted by blood-invigorating herbs. Then, the internal wind generated by the nature of the liver and gallbladder can naturally subside. If there is blood deficiency without wind, it should not be recklessly administered; although it is not very drying, it is ultimately a wind-dispersing herb and can aid fire.
[Main Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rash)] Treats wind-heat dizziness, manages stranguria, bi-syndrome, and epilepsy, unblocks blood vessels, opens orifices. It can be used for those presenting with initial fever accompanied by the aforementioned symptoms.