治湿热为病，肢节肩背遍身疼痛，流注手足，痛不可忍。
白术（一钱五分） 羌活 黄芩（酒炒） 茵陈（酒炒） 甘草（炙，各五钱） 人参
当归 苦参（酒洗） 升麻 葛根 苍术（各二钱） 猪芩 茯苓 泽泻 知母 防风（各三
钱） 每用一两，水煎服。
姜黄（四两） 甘草（炙） 羌活 白术（各一两） 每服一两，水煎服。
威灵仙（八分） 南星 半夏 白术 香附 酒芩（各一钱） 苍术（二钱） 陈皮 茯苓（各五
分） 甘草（少许） 酒水煎服。
治臂痛不以举，及肩背诸病。
片子姜黄（四两） 甘草（炙） 羌活（各一两） 赤芍药 海桐皮（去外皮） 白术
当归（各二两） 每服五钱，姜水煎，临服磨入沉香少许，腰以下食前服，腰以上食后服。
腰痛者，有肾虚，有湿热，有痰，有气滞，有跌扑瘀血。脉大无力为虚，弦为阴
虚，涩为死血，沉滑为痰，沉细为气，濡弱为湿，紧数为风。感寒而痛，其脉必紧，腰
间如水，得热则减，得寒则增。伤湿而痛，如坐水中，身重脉缓，天阴必发。风则脉
浮，痛无常处，牵引两足。热则脉洪数，发渴便闭，行动若锥针作痛，脉涩而大便黑。
小便或黄或黑，日轻夜重，此有瘀血也。气滞而痛，胀闷难当，脉必沉弦或伏结。若兼
痰积者，脉必兼滑也。妇人腰痛或经不调而有热，或浊气下坠而多带，腰痛一阵，下白
一番是也。童子腰痛，先天不足也。看书久坐，对奕而腰背痛者，皆属于虚，然肥人或
兼湿痰，瘦人血少阴虚，诸痛甚而面上忽见红点者，多死。诸腰痛甚者，不可用补气及
寒凉药，初必加温散，和血快气，后必加补肾药。如续断、菟丝、肉桂、枸杞、杜仲、
牛膝之类，各加制附子少许，为引下响导最妙。风者散之，麻黄、防风、羌独活。寒者
温之，姜附、桂茸。挫闪者行之，当归、桃仁、红花、骨碎补。瘀血者逐之，牵牛、桃
仁、大黄、延胡、橘核、血竭。湿痰流注者导之，苍术、香附、白芷、橘皮、半夏、茯
苓，然必以快气药佐之，使痰随气运。
《灵枢》曰∶肾小则脏安难伤，肾大则善病腰痛。又有肾高、肾下、肾坚、肾脆、
肾端正、肾偏倾之不同，观此则多得之先天也明矣。乃失调受邪而为病，《经》曰∶太
阳所至为腰痛。盖足太阳膀胱之脉所过，经虚则邪客之。东垣曰∶大抵寒湿多而风热
少，寒热腰痛皆本肾虚，然既挟邪气，则须除其邪。如无外邪，则惟为补肾而已，故有
房室劳伤，肾虚腰痛者，是阳气虚弱，不能运动故也。《经》曰∶腰者，肾之府，转摇
不能，肾将惫矣，宜肾气丸，鹿茸、羊肾、茴香丸之类，以补阳之不足也。膏粱之人，
久服汤药，醉以入房，损其真气，则肾气热而腰脊痛不能举，久则髓减骨枯，发为骨
痿，宜六味地黄丸，风髓丹之类，以补阴之不足也。亦有郁怒伤肝，忧思伤脾，皆足以
致腰痛，随所属以调之。然言太阳腰痛者，外感六气也，肾经腰痛者，内伤房欲也。夫
腰为肾之外候，诸脉贯于肾而络于腰，肾气一虚，腰必痛矣。跌扑之伤，不涉于虚，其
于风寒湿热，虽有外邪，亦必乘虚而犯，究之犯者为标，肾虚乃其本也。夫以欲竭其
精，以耗散其真，肾脏虚伤，膀胱安能独足耶？但当分阴阳二证，身体疲倦，小便清
利，脉细无力为阳虚；小便黄赤，虚火时炎，脉洪无力，为阴虚。丹溪曰∶久腰痛必
用官桂开之。
肾着为病，是因经虚受湿得之。其体重腰冷，如坐水中，饮食如故，自利不渴，腰
重如带五千钱，治宜流湿，兼用温缓之药，则阳气充足，自能运动而愈矣。
腰痛者，有属湿者，六脉沉濡或伏，两膝隐隐作痛或麻木作肿，遍身沉重，天阴益
甚，初宜微表，后兼分利，有属湿热者，脉濡细而数，痛自腰胯以至足肿，或上或下，
或肿或红，小便赤涩。宜渗湿清热，当归拈痛汤。有属痰流注者，脉沉滑或弦，腰脐一
块，互换作痛，及恶心头眩者痰也。昔肥今瘦者痰也，宜豁痰行气，羌独二术二陈加减
豁痰汤。有属阴虚者，脉细而数，或两尺洪盛，肌体嬴瘦，足心及胫俱痛，不能任地
宜滋阴降火，四物加知柏、牛膝、杜仲。有属阳虚者，脉沉弱或虚大，两足浮肿，大便
不实，小水短少，痛不能动，属命门火衰，真阳虚极，补中益气加桂附，或金匮肾气
丸，下部道远而乌附不能达也。湿热浊痰郁久，非乌附不能开也。然在前廉为阳明，白
芷升麻为引，后廉太阳、羌话、防风为引，外廉少阳，柴胡为引，内廉厥阴，青皮、吴
茱萸为引，内前廉太阴，苍术、白芍为引
治无遗法矣。
治疗湿热引起的疾病，肢体关节、肩背及全身疼痛，疼痛流注于手足，痛感剧烈难以忍受。
白术（一钱五分）、羌活、黄芩（酒炒）、茵陈（酒炒）、甘草（炙，各五钱）、人参、当归、苦参（酒洗）、升麻、葛根、苍术（各二钱）、猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、知母、防风（各三钱）。每次取一两，用水煎服。
姜黄（四两）、甘草（炙）、羌活、白术（各一两）。每次服用一两，用水煎服。
威灵仙（八分）、天南星、半夏、白术、香附、酒黄芩（各一钱）、苍术（二钱）、陈皮、茯苓（各五分）、甘草（少许）。用酒和水煎服。
治疗手臂疼痛无法抬起，以及肩背各种病症。
片子姜黄（四两）、甘草（炙）、羌活（各一两）、赤芍药、海桐皮（去除外皮）、白术、当归（各二两）。每次服用五钱，用生姜水煎煮，临服用时磨入少许沉香粉。腰部以下的病证在饭前服用，腰部以上的病证在饭后服用。
腰痛的原因，有肾虚的，有湿热的，有痰浊的，有气滞的，有跌打损伤导致的瘀血。脉象大而无力属于虚证，脉弦属于阴虚，脉涩属于死血（瘀血），脉沉滑属于痰饮，脉沉细属于气滞，脉濡弱属于湿气，脉紧数属于风邪。感受寒邪而痛，脉象必定紧，腰部感觉像浸在水中，遇热则疼痛减轻，遇寒则疼痛加重。感受湿邪而痛，感觉像坐在水中，身体沉重，脉象缓，阴天必定发作。受风邪则脉浮，疼痛没有固定位置，牵引至双腿。受热邪则脉洪数，口渴，大便闭结，行动时疼痛如锥针刺扎，脉涩且大便发黑。小便颜色或黄或黑，白天轻晚上重，这是有瘀血的表现。气滞而痛，胀闷难忍，脉象必定沉弦或伏结。如果兼有痰积，脉象必定兼滑。妇女腰痛，或者月经不调伴有热象，或者浊气下坠白带多，腰痛一阵，随后排出白色分泌物，就是这种情况。童子腰痛，是先天不足所致。看书久坐、下棋导致腰背痛的，都属于虚证。然而肥胖的人可能兼有湿痰，瘦人血少阴虚，如果各种疼痛非常严重且面部突然出现红点的，大多预后不良死亡。各种严重的腰痛，不可使用补气及寒凉药物，初期必须加用温散药物，调和气血、行气止痛，后期必须加用补肾药物。如续断、菟丝子、肉桂、枸杞、杜仲、牛膝之类，各加入少量制附子作为引经药引导药力下行，最为妙用。风邪用发散法，选用麻黄、防风、羌活、独活。寒邪用温法，选用干姜、附子、肉桂、鹿茸。挫伤闪络者用行气活血法，选用当归、桃仁、红花、骨碎补。瘀血者用逐瘀法，选用牵牛子、桃仁、大黄、延胡索、橘核、血竭。湿痰流注者用疏导法，选用苍术、香附、白芷、橘皮、半夏、茯苓，但必须以行气药辅助，使痰随气机运行。
《灵枢》说：肾脏小则脏气安固不易受伤，肾脏大则容易患腰痛。又有肾高、肾下、肾坚、肾脆、肾端正、肾偏倾等不同情况，观察这些可知大多源于先天体质。如果是失调受邪而发病，《内经》说：太阳经受邪会导致腰痛。因为足太阳膀胱经经过腰部，经脉虚弱则邪气客居于此。李东垣说：大致寒湿多而风热少，寒热腰痛都根本在于肾虚，但如果兼夹邪气，就必须祛除邪气。如果没有外邪，则只需补肾而已。所以有因房劳过度，肾虚腰痛的情况，这是阳气虚弱，不能运动所致。《内经》说：腰是肾的府邸，转动摇晃困难，说明肾气将要衰竭了，适宜用肾气丸、鹿茸丸、羊肾丸、茴香丸之类，来补充阳气的不足。饮食精细肥甘的人，长期服用汤药，醉酒后行房事，损伤真气，导致肾气热而腰脊痛无法抬起，时间久了髓减骨枯，发展为骨痿，适宜用六味地黄丸、凤髓丹之类，来补充阴液的不足。也有因郁怒伤肝，忧思伤脾，都足以导致腰痛，根据所属脏腑进行调理。然而说太阳腰痛，是外感六淫邪气；说肾经腰痛，是内伤房事欲望。腰是肾的外部征候，诸脉贯穿肾脏并联络腰部，肾气一旦虚弱，腰部必定疼痛。跌打损伤不属于虚证，但对于风寒湿热，虽然有外邪，也必定乘虚而入，究其根本，侵犯的是标，肾虚才是本。因为纵欲耗竭精气，耗散真元，肾脏虚损，膀胱怎么能单独充足呢？只应当区分阴阳两种证型，身体疲倦，小便清长通畅，脉细无力为阳虚；小便黄赤，虚火时常炎上，脉洪大无力，为阴虚。朱丹溪说：久治不愈的腰痛必须用官桂来开通经络。
肾着病，是因为经脉虚弱受湿邪所致。身体沉重，腰部寒冷，像坐在水中，饮食正常，自利（腹泻）但不渴，腰部沉重得像带着五千枚铜钱，治疗适宜利湿，兼用温缓的药物，这样阳气充足，自然能运动而痊愈。
腰痛，有属于湿邪的，六脉沉濡或伏，两膝隐隐作痛或麻木肿胀，全身沉重，阴天更加严重，初期宜轻微解表，后期兼用分利小便的方法。有属于湿热的，脉濡细而数，疼痛从腰胯直至足部肿胀，或上或下，或肿或红，小便赤涩。适宜渗湿清热，用当归拈痛汤。有属于痰浊流注的，脉沉滑或弦，腰脐部位一块区域，交替疼痛，以及恶心头晕的是痰浊。过去肥胖现在消瘦的是痰浊，适宜豁痰行气，用羌活、独活、二术、二陈汤加减的豁痰汤。有属于阴虚的，脉细而数，或两尺脉洪盛，形体消瘦，足心及小腿都痛，不能站立负重，适宜滋阴降火，用四物汤加知母、黄柏、牛膝、杜仲。有属于阳虚的，脉沉弱或虚大，两足浮肿，大便不成形，小便短少，疼痛不能活动，属于命门火衰，真阳极度虚弱，用补中益气汤加肉桂、附子，或金匮肾气丸，因为下部路途遥远，乌头附子类药力难以到达。湿热浊痰郁结日久，非乌头附子类药不能开通。如果在前方廉属阳明经，以白芷、升麻为引经药；后方廉属太阳经，以羌活、防风为引经药；外侧廉属少阳经，以柴胡为引经药；内侧廉属厥阴经，以青皮、吴茱萸为引经药；内侧前方廉属太阴经，以苍术、白芍为引经药。治疗方法就没有遗漏了。
Treats diseases caused by damp-heat, with pain throughout the limbs, joints, shoulders, back, and whole body. The pain flows into the hands and feet, unbearable in intensity.
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1.5 qian), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, wine-fried), Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, wine-fried), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, each 5 qian), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, wine-washed), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, each 2 qian), Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Fu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, each 3 qian). Use one liang per dose, decoct in water and take orally.
Jiang Huang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, 4 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, each 1 liang). Take one liang per dose, decoct in water and take orally.
Wei Ling Xian (Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, 8 fen), Nan Xing (Arisaematis Rhizoma preparatum), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma preparatum), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Jiu Qin (Scutellariae Radix, wine-fried, each 1 qian), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 2 qian), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Fu Ling (Poria, each 5 fen), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, a little). Decoct in wine and water and take orally.
Treats arm pain preventing lifting, and various ailments of the shoulder and back.
Pian Zi Jiang Huang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, 4 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, each 1 liang), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Hai Tong Pi (Sarcandae Cortex, remove outer bark), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, each 2 liang). Take five qian per dose, decoct in ginger water. Before taking, grind in a small amount of Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum). For conditions below the waist, take before meals; for conditions above the waist, take after meals.
Lumbago (lower back pain) may be due to Kidney deficiency, damp-heat, phlegm, Qi stagnation, or blood stasis from trauma. A pulse that is large but forceless indicates deficiency; a wiry pulse indicates Yin deficiency; a choppy pulse indicates dead blood (blood stasis); a deep and slippery pulse indicates phlegm-fluids; a deep and fine pulse indicates Qi stagnation; a soggy and weak pulse indicates dampness; a tight and rapid pulse indicates wind. Pain from cold sensation必然 presents with a tight pulse; the waist feels as if immersed in water; pain decreases with heat and increases with cold. Pain from dampness feels like sitting in water; the body feels heavy, the pulse is slow, and it invariably occurs on cloudy days. Wind causes a floating pulse, pain without fixed location, radiating to both legs. Heat causes a surging and rapid pulse, thirst, constipation, and pain upon movement as if pierced by needles; the pulse is choppy and stool is black. Urine may be yellow or black; symptoms are lighter during the day and heavier at night, indicating blood stasis. Pain from Qi stagnation involves unbearable distension and fullness; the pulse is necessarily deep and wiry or hidden and knotted. If accompanied by phlegm accumulation, the pulse will additionally be slippery. In women, lumbago may accompany irregular menstruation with heat signs, or turbid Qi sinking with excessive leukorrhea; a bout of lower back pain followed by discharge of white matter exemplifies this. Lumbago in boys is due to congenital insufficiency. Lumbago and back pain from prolonged reading/sitting or playing chess belong to deficiency. However, obese individuals may have concurrent damp-phlegm, while thin individuals have insufficient Blood and Yin deficiency. If all pains are severe and red spots suddenly appear on the face, death is likely. Severe lumbago should not be treated with Qi-tonifying or cold/cooling herbs. Initially, warm-dispersing herbs must be added to harmonize Blood and promote Qi circulation; later, Kidney-tonifying herbs are essential. Examples include Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix), Tu Si Zi (Cuscutae Semen), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Gou Qi (Lycii Fructus), Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), etc., with a small amount of Zhi Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) added as a guiding herb to direct action downward, which is optimal. Wind is dispersed using Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix). Cold is warmed using Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Rong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum). Sprains and strains are treated by promoting circulation using Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), Hong Hua (Carthami Flos), Gu Sui Bu (Drynariae Rhizoma). Blood stasis is expelled using Qian Niu (Pharbitidis Semen), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizoma), Ju He (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Xue Jie (Santalum Rubrum). Damp-phlegm flowing and accumulating is guided out using Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma preparatum), Fu Ling (Poria); however, Qi-promoting herbs must assist so that phlegm moves with Qi.
The *Ling Shu* states: "If the Kidney is small, the zang organs are secure and difficult to injure; if the Kidney is large, lumbago easily occurs." There are also differences such as high Kidney, low Kidney, firm Kidney, fragile Kidney, upright Kidney, and tilted Kidney. Observing these reveals that many cases stem from congenital constitution. If disease arises from disharmony and pathogen invasion, the *Classic* states: "What arrives at Tai Yang manifests as lumbago." This is because the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian passes through the waist; when the meridian is deficient, pathogens lodge therein. Li Dongyuan stated: "Generally, cold-dampness is more common than wind-heat; both cold and heat lumbago originate from Kidney deficiency. However, if pathogens are involved, they must be eliminated. If there are no external pathogens, only Kidney tonification is needed." Thus, lumbago from sexual exhaustion is due to Kidney deficiency, where Yang Qi is weak and unable to move. The *Classic* states: "The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; inability to twist and turn indicates the Kidney is failing." Suitable formulas include Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill), Lu Rong Wan (Deer Antler Pill), Yang Shen Wan (Sheep Kidney Pill), Hui Xiang Wan (Fennel Pill), etc., to supplement insufficient Yang. Individuals consuming rich foods who take herbal decoctions long-term, or engage in sex while drunk, damage their True Qi, leading to Kidney heat causing lumbago and spinal pain preventing lifting. Prolonged cases result in reduced marrow and withered bones, developing into bone萎 (bone atrophy/withering). Suitable formulas include Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), Feng Sui Dan (Phoenix Marrow Pill), etc., to supplement insufficient Yin. Anger injuring the Liver and worry injuring the Spleen can also cause lumbago; treat according to the affected organ. However, Tai Yang lumbago refers to external contraction of the six climatic factors; Kidney Meridian lumbago refers to internal injury from sexual desire. The waist is the external manifestation of the Kidney; all meridians penetrate the Kidney and network the waist. Once Kidney Qi is deficient, the waist inevitably hurts. Trauma does not involve deficiency, but even if wind-cold-damp-heat pathogens exist externally, they invade via deficiency. Ultimately, the invading pathogen is the branch (biao), while Kidney deficiency is the root (ben). Sexual excess depletes essence and scatters true Yuan Qi; if the Kidneys are injured, how can the Bladder remain sufficient? One must distinguish between Yin and Yang syndromes: fatigue, clear and profuse urination, and a fine, forceless pulse indicate Yang deficiency; yellow-red urine, occasional deflagration of deficient fire, and a surging but forceless pulse indicate Yin deficiency. Zhu Danxi said: "Chronic lumbago must use Guan Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) to open the channels."
Shen Zhuo (Kidney Fixation) disease arises from meridian deficiency and dampness invasion. Symptoms include heavy body, cold waist, feeling as if sitting in water, normal diet, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, and a waist feeling heavy as if carrying five thousand coins. Treatment should focus on draining dampness and using warm, mild herbs so that sufficient Yang Qi naturally restores movement and health.
Lumbago may belong to dampness: six pulses are deep, soggy, or hidden; knees ache faintly or feel numb/swollen; the whole body feels heavy, worsening on cloudy days. Initially, mild exterior-releasing methods are suitable, followed by diuresis. It may belong to damp-heat: pulse is soggy, fine, and rapid; pain extends from waist and hips to swollen feet, moving up or down, swelling or reddening, with red and scanty urination. Suitable treatment is to leach out dampness and clear heat using Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang (Angelica Ligusticiloides Decoction for Relieving Pain). It may belong to phlegm-flowing: pulse is deep, slippery, or wiry; pain alternates between waist and umbilicus; nausea and dizziness indicate phlegm. Those who were fat but are now thin have phlegm. Suitable treatment is to resolve phlegm and move Qi using modified Huo Tan Tang (Phlegm-Resolving Decoction) with Qiang Huo, Du Huo, Er Zhu (two Atractylodes), and Er Chen Tang. It may belong to Yin deficiency: pulse is fine and rapid, or both Chi pulses are surging; body is emaciated; soles of feet and calves hurt, making standing impossible. Suitable treatment is to nourish Yin and descend fire using Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex). It may belong to Yang deficiency: pulse is deep, weak, or hollow-large; both feet are edematous; stool is loose; urine is short; pain prevents movement. This belongs to Ming Men Fire decline and extreme True Yang deficiency. Use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang plus Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), or Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill from Golden Cabinet). Because the lower part is distant, Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix) and Fu Zi cannot reach effectively. Damp-heat, turbid phlegm, and long-standing stagnation require Wu Tou and Fu Zi to open the pathways. If the anterior aspect belongs to Yangming, use Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) and Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) as guides; posterior aspect belongs to Taiyang, use Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) as guides; lateral aspect belongs to Shaoyang, use Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) as guide; medial aspect belongs to Jueyin, use Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) and Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus) as guides; medial-anterior aspect belongs to Taiyin, use Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) as guides. Thus, treatment methods are comprehensive.