又名仙灵脾，又名弃杖草。本得金土之气，而上感天之阳气，故其味辛甘，其气温
而无毒。入手厥阴，为补命门之要药，亦入足少阴、厥阴。辛以润肾，甘温益阳气，故
主阴痿绝阳。
淫羊藿，强筋骨，补腰膝，治男子绝阳不兴，女子绝阴不产。然云丈夫久服，令人
无子者，恐阳旺多欲，阴精耗散。
主治（痘疹合参） 冶痘绝阳不起。
感南方热火之化以生，故味辛热有毒。其主下气，逐水利大小便，脚满水肿，追虫
取积，可见峻削力猛，而迅急者也。止能泻肺，以去气中之湿热，故下焦血分中之病不
可轻用，以使气血俱损。况非神农药也，乃《名医续注》所出，后贤垂戒，谆谆多服，
脱人元气。
牵牛子，治水气在肺，喘满肿胀，下焦郁遏，腰背胀重及大肠风秘气秘，利大小
便，脚满水肿， 癖蛊毒湿热。以气药引之则入气，以血药引之则入血。大泻元气，凡
不胀满，不大便秘者，勿轻用之。其味辛而热，感南方火化所生，入手太阴肺，手阳明
大肠，足阳明胃，专泻下焦气分之湿热。
主治（痘疹合参） 取黑者炒过，研头未入丸药。用凡黑陷痘疹，二便不通，烦躁
甚者宜之。非此不可妄用。
禀天地阴寒之气而生，其味正苦，其气寒而沉，纯阴无毒，故为燥湿除热杀虫疥癞
之要药。
苦参，除热祛湿，利水固齿，肠风下血，及热痢刮痛难当，温病狂言，致心燥结
胸垂死。赤癞眉脱者，驱风有功；黄胆遗尿
者，逐水立效。扫遍身痒疹，止卒暴心痛，除痈疽疥虫，破 瘕结气，养肝气明目止
泪，益肾精解渴生津，利九窍通二便。然大苦寒，肃杀之药，治湿热疥癞则可，若以滋
补，为害不鲜矣。不惟损胃，抑且寒精，肝肾虚寒者尤宜忌之。
主治（痘疹合参） 去皮切细，酒浸蒸二次，阴干。痘疮搔痒，溃烂如癞，毒盛人
壮者，以此作丸服之。咽喉痛甚者，生研细末用。
又名仙灵脾，又名弃杖草。淫羊藿禀受金、土二气，又上感天之阳气，所以它的味道辛甘，药性温而无毒。它入厥阴经，是补益命门（肾阳）的关键药物，同时也进入足少阴经和足厥阴经。其辛味能润补肾水，甘温之性能补益阳气，因此主治阳痿及阳气衰竭之证。
淫羊藿能强健筋骨，补益腰膝，治疗男子阳气衰竭不能勃起，女子阴气衰竭不能受孕。然而有人说丈夫长期服用会导致无子，这恐怕是因为阳气过旺导致房事过多，从而耗散阴精所致。
牵牛子因感受南方热火之气而生，所以味道辛热且有微毒。它主要作用是降气，通利大小便，消除脚部肿胀水肿，驱除寄生虫，攻逐积滞，可见其药力峻猛削伐，作用迅速急迫。它只能泻肺，以去除气分中的湿热，所以下焦血分中的疾病不可轻易使用，以免损伤气血。况且它并非神农尝百草所列的神农本草上品，而是出自《名医别录》的续注，后世贤者多次告诫，长期多服会损耗人的元气。
牵牛子用于治疗肺气肿满、气喘、肿胀，下焦气机郁遏，腰背胀重以及大肠风秘和气秘，通利大小便，消除脚部肿胀水肿，治疗癖块、蛊毒、湿热。如果用气分药引导则入气分，用血分药引导则入血分。它能大泻元气，凡是没有胀满、不大便秘结的人，不要轻易使用它。它的味道辛而热，因感受南方火化之气而生，入手太阴肺经、手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经，专门泻下焦气分的湿热。
主治（痘疹合参）：选取黑色的牵牛子炒过后，研成粉末用于制作丸药。凡是遇到黑陷型痘疹，二便不通，烦躁严重的症状适宜使用。不是这类情况不可妄加使用。
苦参禀受天地阴寒之气而生，味道纯正苦，药性寒而沉降，纯阴无毒，所以是燥湿、清热、杀虫、治疗疥癞的重要药物。
苦参能清除热邪、祛除湿气，通利小便、坚固牙齿，治疗肠风下血，以及热痢引起的剧烈腹痛难忍，温病引起的胡言乱语，导致心躁、结胸症濒临死亡的情况。对于赤癞（麻风病的一种）眉毛脱落者，有驱风之功；对于黄疸、遗尿者，有逐水之效。它能扫除全身瘙痒皮疹，止住突发的心痛，消除痈疽疥虫，破除瘕聚结气，滋养肝气、明目、止泪，补益肾精、解渴生津，通利九窍、通畅二便。但是苦参是大苦大寒、肃杀性质的药物，治疗湿热疥癞可以，如果用来滋补身体，危害就不小了。它不仅损伤胃气，而且会使精气寒凝，肝肾虚寒的人尤其应该禁忌。
主治（痘疹合参）：去皮切细，用酒浸泡后蒸两次，阴干。痘疮瘙痒，溃烂如癞疾，毒盛且人体质壮实者，以此制成丸药服用。咽喉疼痛严重的，生研成细末使用。
Also known as Xianlingpi (Immortals' Spirit Spleen) or Qizhangcao (Cane-Abandoning Grass). Yin Yang Huo (Epimedium Herba) derives its nature from Metal and Earth, and further receives the Yang Qi of Heaven above. Therefore, its taste is Pungent and Sweet, its temperature is Warm, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Jueyin Meridian (Pericardium/Liver) and is a crucial herb for tonifying Mingmen (Gate of Vitality/Kidney Yang); it also enters the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) and Foot Jueyin (Liver) meridians. Its Pungency moistens the Kidney, and its Sweet-Warmness benefits Yang Qi; thus, it primarily treats impotence and the exhaustion of Yang.
Yin Yang Huo strengthens sinews and bones, tonifies the waist and knees, treating men with exhausted Yang who cannot achieve erection, and women with exhausted Yin who cannot conceive. However, the claim that long-term use by men leads to infertility is likely due to excessive Yang leading to excessive sexual desire, thereby depleting Jing (Essence).
Main Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rashes): Treats smallpox cases where Yang Qi is exhausted and fails to rise.
Qian Niu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen) grows by absorbing the transformational heat of the South; therefore, its taste is Pungent and Hot, and it possesses slight toxicity. It primarily directs Qi downward, promotes urination and defecation, reduces edema in the legs, expels parasites, and drives out accumulations. This reveals its harsh, draining power and rapid action. It can only purge the Lung to remove Damp-Heat from the Qi level; thus, diseases in the Lower Jiao Blood level should not be lightly treated with it, lest both Qi and Blood be damaged. Moreover, it is not listed in the divine Shennong Ben Cao Jing but appears in the annotations of *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians). Later sages have earnestly warned that prolonged and heavy use will deplete Yuan Qi (Original Qi).
Qian Niu Zi treats water retention in the Lung causing wheezing, fullness, and swelling; stagnation in the Lower Jiao causing heaviness in the waist and back; wind-type constipation and Qi-type constipation in the Large Intestine; promoting urination and defecation; reducing leg edema; and treating masses, gu-poison, and Damp-Heat. Guided by Qi-invigorating herbs, it enters the Qi level; guided by Blood-invigorating herbs, it enters the Blood level. It severely drains Yuan Qi. Those without fullness or constipation should not use it lightly. Its taste is Pungent and Hot, derived from the Fire transformation of the South, entering the Hand Taiyin Lung, Hand Yangming Large Intestine, and Foot Yangming Stomach meridians, specifically purging Damp-Heat from the Qi level of the Lower Jiao.
Main Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rashes): Select black seeds, stir-fry them, and grind into powder for pills. It is suitable for black-depressed smallpox cases with obstruction of urination and defecation and severe restlessness. It must not be used indiscriminately for other conditions.
Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) is born from the Yin-Cold Qi of Heaven and Earth. Its taste is purely Bitter, its temperature is Cold and sinking, it is purely Yin and non-toxic. Thus, it is a key herb for drying Dampness, clearing Heat, killing parasites, and treating scabies and leprosy.
Ku Shen clears Heat and dispels Dampness, promotes urination, strengthens teeth, treats intestinal wind bleeding, severe pain from hot dysentery, delirium from warm diseases, and critical conditions like heart irritability and chest binding. For red leprosy with eyebrow loss, it has merit in driving out Wind; for jaundice and enuresis, it is effective in draining Water. It eliminates generalized pruritus and rashes, stops sudden acute chest pain, removes carbuncles and scabies mites, breaks up mass formations and stagnant Qi, nourishes Liver Qi, brightens eyes, stops tearing, benefits Kidney Essence, relieves thirst, generates fluids, opens the nine orifices, and unblocks urination and defecation. However, Ku Shen is a harsh, Bitter-Cold, and austere herb. While suitable for treating Damp-Heat, scabies, and leprosy, using it for tonification causes significant harm. It damages the Stomach and cools the Essence; those with Kidney and Liver deficiency-cold should strictly avoid it.
Main Indications (Integration of Smallpox and Rashes): Remove skin, cut finely, soak in wine, steam twice, and dry in shade. For smallpox with itching and ulceration resembling leprosy, in patients with intense toxin load and strong constitution, administer as pills. For severe sore throat, use raw, finely ground powder.