禀天地清燥阴寒之气，其味苦咸寒无毒，入足太阴阳明，兼入手太阳，苦能泄
热，寒能除热，咸能润下，故治湿热及下部诸症。
白藓，又名白羊鲜。主筋挛死肌，化湿热毒疮，遍身黄胆湿痹，手足下能屈伸，癞
毒风疮，眉发脱落，女人阴肿，产后余疼，小儿惊痫淋沥，咳逆时热时狂，饮水多多，
煎服尤宜。治鼠 有脓，熬白藓皮膏，吐出即愈，理肺嗽不己，制白藓皮汤，饮下即
瘥。
禀地中冲阳之气，兼感乎天之阳气，故味苦甘平微温，无毒。苦能燥热，甘能益
血，温能养气，是补而能走之药也。入足少阴肾经，肾主骨，故主骨节，一切诸症状。
如狗脊以形得名也，别名扶筋，以功得名也。
狗脊恶败酱，使萆 强筋壮骨，补肾除湿，治腰背强痛，机关缓忽，理腰膝软弱，
筋骨损伤，女人伤中欠调，老人失尿不节，周痹寒湿，并可医痊，肾虚有热，小便不
利，口苦舌干者忌之。
禀火土之气，故味苦甘辛平，无毒。入足厥阴及足大阴。从血药则治血，从气药则
治气。苦能泄，辛能散，甘能和，而入脾。血属阴而有形，所以能治一切凝结停滞有形
之坚积，真气虚者勿服。
京三棱，消 瘕滞痛，一切血块，乃血中之气药也。专通肝经积血滞气，宜醋浸炒用。
按∶三棱，昔有患癖死者，遗言开腹取之得块如石，文有五色，削成刀柄，后刈三
棱，忽化为水，乃知治癖积块如神。蓬术破气中之血，三棱破血中之气，主治颇同，气
血稍别。东垣用此二味，皆用人参赞助，故有成功而无偏胜之害，若专用克伐，胃气愈
虚不能营运，积反增大矣。
白藓（Xanthium Strumarium）禀受天地之间清燥、阴寒的气，其味道苦、咸，性寒，无毒。它入足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经，兼入手太阳小肠经。苦味能泄热，寒性能除热，咸味能润下，因此用于治疗湿热以及下部各种病症。
白藓，又名白羊鲜。主要治疗筋脉拘挛、肌肉坏死，化解湿热毒疮，遍身黄疸、湿痹，使手足能够屈伸自如，治疗癞病、毒风疮疡，眉毛头发脱落，妇女阴部肿痛，产后余痛，小儿惊痫、淋沥不尽，咳嗽气逆、时而发热时而发狂，饮水多量，煎汤服用尤其适宜。治疗鼠瘘（淋巴结结核）有脓时，熬制白藓皮膏，吐出脓液即可痊愈；调理肺气久咳不愈，使用白藓皮汤，饮下即好。
狗脊（Cibotium Barometz）禀受地中冲阳之气，兼感天之阳气，所以味道苦、甘，性平微温，无毒。苦味能燥热，甘味能益血，温性能养气，是补益而能走窜的药物。它入足少阴肾经，肾主骨，所以主治骨节一切诸症。如狗脊因形状得名，别名扶筋，因功效得名。
狗脊畏败酱草，能使萆薢（Bixie）强筋壮骨，补肾除湿，治疗腰背强痛，关节活动不利，调理腰膝软弱，筋骨损伤，妇女内伤失调，老人小便失禁不节制，周痹寒湿，均可治愈。肾虚有热，小便不利，口苦舌干者忌用。
京三棱（Sparganii Rhizoma）禀受火土之气，所以味道苦、甘、辛，性平，无毒。入足厥阴肝经和足太阴脾经。跟随血药则治血，跟随气药则治气。苦味能泄，辛味能散，甘味能和，而入脾经。血属阴而有形，所以能治疗一切凝结停滞、有形的坚积肿块，真气虚弱者勿服。
京三棱，消除癥瘕（腹部结块）滞痛，一切血块，是血分中的气药。专门疏通肝经的积血滞气，宜用醋浸炒后使用。
按语：三棱，过去有患癖积（腹内结块）而死的人，临终遗言开腹取出，得到一块像石头一样的东西，纹理有五色，削成刀柄形状，后来割取三棱草，忽然化为水，才知道它能治疗癖积块状物如神效。蓬术（莪术）破气中之血，三棱破血中之气，主治颇为相同，气血侧重略有区别。李东垣使用这两味药，都用人参赞助，所以有成功而无偏胜的危害，如果专用克伐之品，胃气更加虚弱不能运化，积块反而增大。
Bai Xian (Xanthium Strumarium) inherits the clear, dry, yin, and cold qi of heaven and earth. Its taste is bitter and salty, its nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, and also connects with the Hand-Taiyin Small Intestine Meridian. Bitterness can drain heat, coldness can eliminate heat, and saltiness can moisten and direct downward; therefore, it treats damp-heat and various disorders of the lower body.
Bai Xian, also known as Bai Yang Xian, primarily treats tendon spasms and necrotic muscle tissue, resolves damp-heat toxic sores, generalized jaundice, wet bi-syndrome (painful obstruction due to dampness), enabling flexion and extension of hands and feet, leprosy, toxic wind sores, loss of eyebrows and hair, female genital swelling, postpartum residual pain, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, dribbling urination, cough with counterflow qi, intermittent fever and mania, and polydipsia. Decoction is especially suitable. For treating Shu Lou (scrofula/lymph node tuberculosis) with pus, boiling Bai Xian Pi (bark) into a plaster allows pus to be expelled for cure. For chronic lung deficiency cough, using Bai Xian Pi Tang (White Xanthium Peel Decoction) leads to recovery upon ingestion.
Gou Ji (Cibotium Barometz) inherits the rushing yang qi from the earth and is influenced by the yang qi of heaven. Thus, its taste is bitter and sweet, its nature is neutral and slightly warm, and it is non-toxic. Bitterness can dry heat, sweetness can nourish blood, and warmth can support qi; it is a tonifying yet moving herb. It enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Since the Kidney governs bones, it treats all bone and joint disorders. Gou Ji is named after its shape, while its alias Fu Jin (Supporting Tendon) is named after its efficacy.
Gou Ji is incompatible with Ku Gu Cao (Patrinia Scabiosifolia). It strengthens tendons and bones via Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca), tonifies the kidney and dispels dampness, treating stiffness and pain in the waist and back, joint instability, weakness of the waist and knees, tendon and bone injuries, internal injury and imbalance in women, urinary incontinence in the elderly, and general bi-syndrome due to cold-dampness, all of which can be cured. It is contraindicated for those with kidney deficiency accompanied by heat, difficult urination, bitter taste in the mouth, and dry tongue.
Jing San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma) inherits the qi of fire and earth. Its taste is bitter, sweet, and pungent, its nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. When combined with blood-invigorating herbs, it treats blood disorders; when combined with qi-regulating herbs, it treats qi disorders. Bitterness drains, pungency disperses, and sweetness harmonizes, directing action to the Spleen. Blood belongs to yin and has form; thus, it treats all solid accumulations caused by stagnation and coagulation that have taken physical form. It should not be used by those with deficient true qi.
Jing San Leng eliminates Zheng Jia (abdominal masses) and stagnant pain, addressing all blood stasis clumps. It is an qi-regulating herb within the blood category. It specifically unblocks accumulated blood and stagnant qi in the Liver Meridian. It is best used after soaking in vinegar and stir-frying.
Note: In the past, a patient died of Pi Ji (abdominal mass). His dying wish was to open his abdomen, where a stone-like mass was found, displaying five colors in its texture, which was carved into a knife handle. Later, when San Leng grass was cut, it suddenly turned into water. This revealed its miraculous efficacy in treating Pi Ji masses. Peng Zhu (Curcuma Zedoaria) breaks blood within qi, while San Leng breaks qi within blood. Their main indications are similar, but their focus on qi versus blood differs slightly. Li Dongyuan used these two herbs together with Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) to support healthy qi, ensuring success without causing excessive depletion. If used alone as harsh draining agents, stomach qi would become further deficient and unable to circulate, causing the accumulation to increase instead.