系砒黄飞炼而成，砒黄即已有毒，复兼火气， 炼则毒愈甚，故味苦、酸，气大
热，性大毒也。初烧霜时，人立上风十余丈外，其下风所近草木皆死。毒鼠鼠死，猫犬
食之亦死。人至之一钱立毙。苦酒服及烧酒服，则肠胃腐烂，倾刻杀人，虽绿豆、冷水
亦无解矣。奈何以必死之药，治不死之病，惟胶痰牢固为哮为疟，不得已借此酸苦涌泄
吐之，及杀虫、枯痔外敷之用。
砒霜，所畏酽醋、冷水、绿豆、羊血。中毒腹中，得一味即解。截疟除哮，膈上风
痰可吐。溃坚磨积，腹内宿食能消。
一名鹏砂。探取煎淋而结，亦如硝石，卤砂之类。味苦、辛、咸，气暖，无毒，色
白而体轻，能解上焦胸隔肺分之痰热。辛能散苦、能泄；咸能软，故治口疮喉痹及消
肉障翳，并堪吹点甚效。
硼砂，治喉痹肿痛要药，去膈上痰热捷方。去 肉，消障翳，性能柔五金，消克可
知矣。
乃卤液所结。禀阴毒之气，舍阳毒之精，其味极咸、极苦、极辛，气温，有大
毒。能消五金八石，腐人肠胃，性毒猛烈，故为烂胎、去恶肉宿冷、积聚结血、 肉息
肉、顽痰咳嗽之需。然大热有毒之物，庖人煮硬肉难炖，入卤少许即烂，其烈可知。一
名狄盐，一名北庭砂，一名气砂，一名透骨将军。如中其毒者，以生绿豆研汁服，解
之。凡用水飞去尘秽，入瓷器中重汤煮干。
砂，主宿冷积聚，破结血烂胎。逐顽痰咳嗽，去恶肉生肌。因多烂肉之功毒，每
为外科要药。肿毒资，破口去，血溃痈仗，剔腐生肌，除翳膜，明双睛，《经》又云∶
生食之，化人心为血。倘中毒，研绿豆汁解之。
砒霜是由砒黄经过飞炼工艺制成的。砒黄本身已有毒性，再加上火气的煎熬，炼制后毒性更加剧烈，所以它的味道是苦、酸的，气味是大热的，药性是大毒的。刚烧制出霜的时候，人必须站在上风口十几丈远的地方，下风口附近的草木都会枯死。用砒霜毒老鼠，老鼠会死；猫狗吃了毒死的鼠肉也会死亡。人如果服用一钱（约3-5克）就会立即毙命。如果用醋或烧酒送服，会导致肠胃腐烂，顷刻间就能杀人，即使是绿豆和冷水也无法解毒。为什么要把这种必死的毒药用来治疗本来不会死的病呢？只有当胶固难化的痰邪牢固地导致哮喘或疟疾时，不得已才借助它酸苦涌泄催吐的作用，以及杀虫、使痔疮枯萎的外敷用途。
砒霜所畏惧的药物是浓醋、冷水、绿豆和羊血。中毒后腹中若有其中一味药，即可解毒。它能截断疟疾、消除哮喘，可以吐出膈上的风痰。它能软化坚积、磨消积滞，能消除腹内的宿食。
硼砂又名鹏砂。它是通过开采、煎煮、淋滤而结晶形成的，也像硝石、卤砂那样。它的味道是苦、辛、咸的，气性是暖的，无毒。颜色白且质地轻，能解除上焦胸膈肺分的痰热。辛味能发散，苦味能泄降，咸味能软坚，所以治疗口疮、喉痹以及消除肉障、翳膜，吹粉或点眼都非常有效。
硼砂是治疗喉痹肿痛的要药，也是清除膈上痰热的快捷方剂。它能去除息肉，消除翳膜，其药性能软化金属，腐蚀性之强可想而知。
砂（这里指硇砂）是卤水凝结而成的。它禀受了阴毒之气，又蕴含阳毒之精，味道极咸、极苦、极辛，气性温，有大毒。它能腐蚀五金八石，使人肠胃腐烂，药性毒烈猛烈，所以是堕胎、去除恶肉宿冷、积聚结血、息肉、顽痰咳嗽所需的药物。但是大热有毒的东西，厨师煮硬肉很难炖烂，加入少许卤水（硇砂）就烂了，其猛烈程度可知。它又名狄盐、北庭砂、气砂、透骨将军。如果中了它的毒，用生绿豆研成汁服用，可以解毒。凡是用砂，都要用水飞法去掉尘秽，放入瓷器中隔水蒸干。
砂（硇砂），主治宿冷积聚，破结血，堕胎。驱逐顽痰咳嗽，去除恶肉，促进肌肉生长。因为它有较多的烂肉功效和毒性，常作为外科的重要药物。对于肿毒，它能破口去腐，溃破痈疽，剔除腐肉，促进生肌，去除翳膜，明亮双眼，《神农本草经》又说：生吃它，能将人心化为血。如果中毒，研碎绿豆汁服用以解毒。
Arsenicum (Bismuthi Subnitras / Realgar processed, here referring to Arsenolite/Orpiment derivative) is produced by sublimation and refining of Ashihuang (Realgar). Ashihuang itself is already toxic, and when combined with the heat of fire, its toxicity becomes even more severe during refining. Therefore, it tastes bitter and sour, has a strongly hot nature, and possesses extreme toxicity. When first smelted into frost, one must stand more than ten zhang upwind; plants and trees downwind will all die. It kills rats instantly; cats and dogs that eat the poisoned rats also die. If a human consumes one qian (approx. 3-5g), death occurs immediately. Ingesting it with vinegar or distilled liquor causes rapid rotting of the stomach and intestines, leading to death in an instant; neither mung beans nor cold water can detoxify it. Why use such a fatal poison to treat diseases that are not inherently fatal? It is only used reluctantly when stubborn phlegm firmly causes asthma or malaria, relying on its sour and bitter properties to induce vomiting (emesis), as well as for killing parasites and cauterizing hemorrhoids externally.
Arsenicum is counteracted by strong vinegar, cold water, mung beans, and sheep blood. If ingested and poisoning occurs, having any one of these substances in the abdomen can resolve the toxicity. It can arrest malaria and eliminate asthma, expelling wind-phlegm from the diaphragm. It softens hardness, grinds away accumulations, and digests retained food in the abdomen.
Pengsha (Borax) is another name for Borax. It forms through mining, boiling, and leaching crystallization, similar to Niter (Sal Nitri) and Halite sand. It tastes bitter, acrid, and salty, has a warm nature, and is non-toxic. Its color is white and texture light; it can resolve phlegm-heat in the upper jiao (chest, diaphragm, and lungs). Acridity disperses, bitterness drains downward, and saltiness softens hardness. Thus, it effectively treats mouth ulcers, throat bi (sore throat), and eliminates fleshy obstructions and corneal opacities, especially when insufflated or applied topically.
Borax is a key herb for treating throat bi (swollen and painful throat) and a swift formula for clearing phlegm-heat above the diaphragm. It removes polyps and clears visual obscurations; its ability to soften metals indicates its corrosive power.
Naocha (Ammonium Chloride / Sal Ammoniac) is formed from the crystallization of brine. It inherits yin-toxic qi and contains yang-toxic essence. Its taste is extremely salty, bitter, and acrid; its nature is warm, and it has great toxicity. It can corrode metals and stones, rot human gastrointestinal tracts, and is extremely potent and toxic. Therefore, it is required for inducing abortion, removing foul flesh and old coldness, breaking blood stasis and accumulations, treating nasal polyps, and resolving stubborn phlegm cough. However, this strongly heating and toxic substance makes tough meat difficult to stew; adding a little brine (Naocha) makes it tender, demonstrating its intensity. It is also known as Diyan, Beiting Sha, Qisha, and Tougu Jiangjun (Bone-Penetrating General). If poisoned by it, drink juice made from raw mung beans to detoxify. When using Naocha, wash away dust impurities with water, and dry it by steaming in porcelain vessels.
Naocha (Ammonium Chloride) primarily treats retained coldness and accumulations, breaks blood stasis, and induces abortion. It drives out stubborn phlegm cough, removes foul flesh, and promotes tissue regeneration. Due to its significant flesh-rotting efficacy and toxicity, it is frequently used as an important external surgical herb. For swelling and toxins, it helps open sores and remove necrotic tissue; for ulcerated carbuncles, it剔腐生肌 (removes decay and generates flesh); it clears ocular membranes and brightens vision. The *Classic* states: consuming it raw transforms the human heart into blood. If poisoned, grind mung beans into juice to detoxify.