《逆调论》曰∶阴气少而阳气胜，故热而烦满也。（言病有热而烦满者，阴气少而阳气多也。）阳气
少阴气多，故身寒如从水中出。（言病有寒从中生者，阳气少而阴气多也。）不得卧而息有音者，是阳
明之逆也。足三阳者，下行，今逆而上行，故息有音也。阳明者，胃脉也，六腑之海，（水谷之海。）其
气亦下行，阳明逆不得从其道，故不得卧也。胃不和则卧不安，此之谓也。夫起居如故，而息有音
者，此肺之络脉逆也。络脉不得随经上下，故留经而不行，络脉之病患也微，故起居如故，而息有音也。
夫不得卧，卧则喘者，是水气之客也。夫水者，循津液而流也。肾者，水脏，主津液，主卧于喘也。
《举痛论》曰∶百病生于气也。（气之为用，虚实逆顺缓急，皆能为病，故发此问。）怒则气上，喜
则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，寒则气收，炅则气泄，惊则气乱，劳则气耗，思则气结。九气不同，
何病之生？怒则气逆，甚则呕血及飧泄，故气上矣。（怒则阳气逆上，肝气乘脾，故甚则呕
血及飧泄也。）喜则气和志达，荣卫通利，故气缓矣。（气脉调和，故志达畅，荣卫通利，故气徐缓。）
悲则心系急，肺布叶举，而上焦不通，营卫不散，热气在中，故气消矣。（悲则损于心，心系急，则
动于肺，肺气系诸精经，逆则肺布叶举也。）恐则精却，却则上焦闭，闭则气还，还则下焦胀，故气
不行矣。（恐则阳粗却上而不下流。故却则上焦闭也。上焦闭，气不行流，下焦阴气亦还回不散而聚为胀。
然上焦固紧，下焦气还，故各守一处，故气不行也。）寒则腠理闭，气不行，故气收矣。（身寒则卫气
沉，故皮肤纹理及渗泻之处皆闭密而气不流行，卫气收敛于中而不发散也。）炅则腠理开，荣卫通，
汗大泄，故气泄矣。（热则肤腠开发，营卫大通，津液外渗，而汗大泄。）惊则心无所倚，神无所归，
虑无所定，故气乱矣。（气奔越故不调理。）劳则喘，且汗出，内外皆越，故气耗矣。（疲力役则
气奔速，故喘息。气奔速则阳外发，故汗出。喘且汗出。内外皆逾越于常纪，故气耗损也。）思则心
有存，神有所归，正气流而不行，故气结矣。系心不散，故气亦停留，以九气为问而言之也。）
《逆调论》说：阴气少而阳气偏盛，所以出现发热且心烦胀满的症状。（这里解释的是患有发热、心烦胀满的病证，是因为阴气不足而阳气过剩。）阳气少而阴气多，所以身体寒冷，感觉像从水中出来一样。（这里解释的是寒邪从中产生的病证，是因为阳气不足而阴气过剩。）不能平卧且呼吸有声的，这是阳明经气逆乱所致。足部的三条阳经（足三阳），其气本应下行，现在反而逆向上行，所以呼吸发出声音。阳明经，即胃的经脉，是六腑气血汇聚的大海（也是水谷精微汇聚的海）。它的之气也应当下行，如果阳明经气逆乱，不能顺着正常的通道运行，就会导致无法安卧。胃气不和就会睡不安稳，说的就是这种情况。如果起居活动如常，只有呼吸有声的，这是肺的络脉气机逆乱所致。络脉的气血不能随着主经上下运行，所以滞留在经脉中而不能流通，由于络脉病变轻微，所以起居如常，仅有呼吸有声。至于不能安卧，一躺下就气喘的，这是水气侵犯所致。水液，是跟随津液流动的。肾是水脏，主管津液代谢，同时也主宰睡眠和喘息的功能。
《举痛论》说：各种疾病都产生于气的异常。（气的作用，无论是虚证、实证、气机逆乱或顺行、急症或缓症，都能导致疾病，因此提出这个问题。）愤怒会使气机上逆，喜悦会使气机舒缓，悲伤会使气机消损，恐惧会使气机下陷，寒冷会使气机收敛，炎热会使气机外泄，惊吓会使气机紊乱，劳累会使气机耗散，思虑会使气机郁结。这九种气机变化不同，会产生什么样的疾病呢？愤怒导致气机逆乱，严重时会出现呕血和完谷不化的腹泻，这就是气机上逆的表现。（愤怒时阳气逆冲向上，肝气克制脾土，所以严重时会导致呕血和完谷不化的腹泻。）喜悦使气和志意通达，营卫之气通畅流利，所以气机舒缓。（气脉调和，所以意志畅达，营卫通畅，因此气机徐缓。）悲伤使心脉拘急，肺叶张举，导致上焦不通畅，营卫之气不能布散，热气郁积在体内，所以气机消损。（悲伤损伤心脏，心脉拘急，进而影响肺部，肺气系连诸经，气逆则肺叶张举。）恐惧使精气退缩，精气退缩则上焦闭塞，闭塞则气还返，气还返则下焦胀满，所以气机不行。（恐惧使阳气粗疏却退而不向下流动，所以精气退缩导致上焦闭塞。上焦闭塞，气不流行，下焦阴气也还回不散而聚集成胀。然而上焦固紧，下焦气还，所以各守一处，导致气机不行。）寒冷使腠理闭塞，气机不行，所以气机收敛。（身体寒冷则卫气沉潜，所以皮肤纹理及汗孔皆闭密而气不流行，卫气收敛于体内而不发散。）炎热使腠理开泄，营卫通畅，大汗淋漓，所以气机外泄。（热则皮肤腠理开发，营卫大通，津液外渗，因而大汗出。）惊吓使心神无所依托，神志无所归依，思虑无所定夺，所以气机紊乱。（气机奔越，因此不调理。）劳累则喘息且出汗，内外之气皆外越，所以气机耗散。（体力过度役使则气机奔速，所以喘息。气机奔速则阳气外发，所以出汗。喘息且出汗，内外之气都逾越了正常节度，所以气机耗损。）思虑使心意有所存留，神志有所归依，正气流动但不行散，所以气机郁结。（心系不散，所以气也停留，以此九种气机变化作为问题来阐述。）
The *Ni Tiao Lun* (Treatise on Rebellious Regulation) states: When Yin Qi is deficient and Yang Qi prevails, heat and vexation with fullness occur. (This explains that diseases presenting with heat, vexation, and fullness are due to deficiency of Yin Qi and excess of Yang Qi.) When Yang Qi is deficient and Yin Qi is abundant, the body feels cold, as if emerging from water. (This explains that diseases with cold arising from within are due to deficiency of Yang Qi and excess of Yin Qi.) Inability to lie down accompanied by noisy breathing indicates rebellion of the Yangming channel. The three Yang channels of the foot normally descend; now they rebel and ascend, causing noisy breathing. Yangming refers to the Stomach meridian, which is the sea of the six fu organs (and the sea of water and grain). Its Qi also normally descends; when Yangming Qi rebels and cannot follow its proper pathway, it results in inability to sleep. "When the Stomach is not harmonious, sleep is uneasy," this is what is meant. If daily activities remain normal but there is noisy breathing, this is due to rebellion of the collateral vessels of the Lung. Collateral vessels cannot move up and down with the main meridians, so they stagnate in the meridians and do not circulate. Since lesions of the collateral vessels are minor, daily activities remain normal, yet breathing is noisy. As for those who cannot lie down and pant when lying down, this is caused by invasion of Water Qi. Water follows the flow of Jin-Ye (Body Fluids). The Kidney is the Water Zang organ, governing Jin-Ye metabolism, and also governs sleep and panting.
The *Ju Tong Lun* (Treatise on Pain Caused by Pathogenic Factors) states: All diseases arise from Qi abnormalities. (The functions of Qi, whether in deficiency or excess, rebellion or smoothness, urgency or slowness, can all cause disease; hence this inquiry.) Anger causes Qi to ascend; joy causes Qi to slacken; grief causes Qi to dissipate; fear causes Qi to sink; cold causes Qi to contract; heat causes Qi to leak; shock causes Qi to become chaotic; labor causes Qi to be exhausted; contemplation causes Qi to knot. These nine types of Qi changes differ; what diseases arise? Anger causes Qi rebellion; severely, it leads to hematemesis and undigested food diarrhea, thus indicating Qi ascending. (Anger causes Yang Qi to rebel upward, and Liver Qi overacts on Spleen Earth, leading to severe hematemesis and undigested food diarrhea.) Joy brings harmony to Qi and openness of will, allowing Ying and Wei Qi to flow freely, thus Qi slackens. (Meridians and vessels are harmonized, so will is open and smooth, Ying and Wei Qi flow freely, thus Qi is slow and relaxed.) Grief makes the Heart system tense, lifts the Lung leaves, obstructs the Upper Jiao, prevents dispersion of Ying and Wei Qi, and traps heat in the center, thus Qi dissipates. (Grief damages the Heart; tension in the Heart system affects the Lung. Lung Qi connects to various meridians; rebellion causes Lung leaves to lift.) Fear causes Essence to retreat; retreat leads to closure of the Upper Jiao; closure causes Qi to return; returning Qi causes distension in the Lower Jiao, thus Qi does not move. (Fear causes coarse Yang Qi to retreat without flowing downward. Retreat closes the Upper Jiao. Closure stops Qi flow; Lower Jiao Yin Qi returns and gathers into distension. However, Upper Jiao is tight, Lower Jiao Qi returns, so each stays in place, thus Qi does not move.) Cold closes the Cou-Li (pores and interstices), stopping Qi movement, thus Qi contracts. (Cold body causes Wei Qi to sink; skin texture and sweat pores close tightly, Qi does not circulate, Wei Qi converges internally without dispersing.) Heat opens the Cou-Li, unblocks Ying and Wei Qi, causes profuse sweating, thus Qi leaks. (Heat develops skin and Cou-Li, Ying and Wei Qi flow freely, Body Fluids seep outward, causing profuse sweating.) Shock leaves the Heart mind unsupported, Spirit has no refuge, thoughts have no certainty, thus Qi becomes chaotic. (Qi rushes wildly, thus becoming disordered.) Labor causes panting and sweating; internal and external Qi both escape, thus Qi is exhausted. (Physical exhaustion causes Qi to rush rapidly, leading to panting. Rapid Qi rushing causes Yang to emit externally, leading to sweating. Panting and sweating mean internal and external Qi exceed normal limits, thus Qi is exhausted.) Contemplation keeps the Heart mind focused, Spirit has a destination, Zheng Qi flows but does not disperse, thus Qi knots. (Heart connection does not scatter, so Qi also lingers; this discusses the nine Qi changes as questions.)