人百病 首中风 《内经》云∶风为百病之长也。昔医云∶中脏多滞九窍，有唇缓、失
音、耳聋、目瞀、鼻塞、便难之症；中腑多着四肢；中经则口眼 斜；中血脉则半身不遂。
骤然得 八方通 中风病骤然昏倒，不省人事，或痰涌、掣搐、偏枯等症。八方者，谓
东、西、南、北、东北、西北、东南、西南也。
闭与脱 大不同 风善行而数变，其所以变者，亦因人之脏腑寒热为转移。其人脏腑素
有郁热，则风乘火势，火借风威，而风为热风矣。其人脏腑本属虚寒，则风水相遭，寒冰彻
骨，而风为寒风矣。热风多见闭症，宜疏通为先；寒风多见脱症，宜温补为急。
开邪闭 续命雄 小续命汤，风症之雄师也。根据六经见症加减治之，专主驱邪。闭者宜
开，或开其表，如续命汤是也；或开其里，如三化汤是也；或开其壅滞之痰，如稀涎散、涤痰汤是也。
固气脱 参附功 脱者宜固，参附汤固守肾气，术附汤固守脾气，耆附汤固守卫气，归
附汤固守营气。先固其气，次治其风。若三生饮一两加人参一两，则为标本并治之法。正虚邪盛，必遵此法。
顾其名 思其义 名之曰风，明言八方之风也；名之曰中，明言风自外入也。后人议论
穿凿，俱不可从。
若舍风 非其治 既名中风，则不可舍风而别治也。
火气痰 三子备 刘河间举五志过极，动火而卒中，皆因热甚，故主乎火。大法∶用防
风通圣散之类；亦有引火归源，如地黄饮子之类。李东垣以元气不足而邪凑之，令人卒倒如
风状，故主乎气虚。大法∶补中益气汤加减。朱丹溪以东南气温多湿，有病风者，非风也；
由湿生痰，痰生热，热生风，故主乎湿。大法∶以二陈汤加苍术、白术、竹沥、姜汁之类。
不为中 名为类 中者，自外而入于内也。此三者，既非外来之风，则不可仍名为中，
时贤名为类中风。
合而言 小家伎 虞天民云∶古人论中风，言其症也。三子论中风，言其因也。盖因气
、因湿、因火，挟风而作，何尝有真中、类中之分。
喑 斜 昏仆地 喑者，不能言也。 斜者，口眼不正也。昏仆地者，不省人事
，猝倒于地也。口开、目合，或上视、撒手、遗尿、鼾睡、汗出如油者，不治。
急救先 柔润次 柔润熄风，为治中风之秘法。喻嘉言加味六君子汤、资寿解语汤甚妙。
填窍方 宗金匮 《内经》云∶邪害空窍。《金匮》中有侯氏黑散、风引汤，驱风之中
，兼填空窍。空窍满则内而旧邪不能容，外而新风不复入矣。喻嘉言曰∶仲景取药积腹中
不下，填窍以熄风。后人不知此义，每欲开窍以出其风。究竟窍空而风愈炽，长此安穷哉?
三化汤、愈风汤、大秦艽汤皆出《机要方》中，云是通真子所撰，不知其姓名。然则无名
下士，煽乱后人见闻，非所谓一盲引众盲耶。
人患各种疾病，首当其冲的是中风。《黄帝内经》说：风是百病之首。以前的医生认为：风邪中于脏，多导致九窍阻滞，出现口唇松弛、失音、耳聋、视物模糊、鼻塞、排便困难等症状；风邪中于腑，多滞留于四肢；风邪中于经脉，则出现口眼歪斜；风邪中于血脉，则出现半身不遂。
中风病发作突然，患者昏倒，不省人事，或者痰液涌盛、肢体抽搐、偏枯等症。“八方”是指东、西、南、北、东北、西北、东南、西南八个方向。
闭证与脱证大不相同。风邪善于运行且变化迅速，其变化的原因，也随着人体脏腑的寒热属性而转移。如果患者脏腑素有郁热，那么风邪会乘着火势，火借风威，从而形成热风。如果患者脏腑本属虚寒，那么风水相遇，寒气彻骨，从而形成寒风。热风多见闭证，治疗应以疏通为先；寒风多见脱证，治疗应以温补为急。
开通邪气闭阻，小续命汤功效雄健。小续命汤是治疗风症的雄师之方。根据六经见症进行加减治疗，专门主司驱除邪气。对于闭证应当开通，或开通肌表，如小续命汤就是此类；或开通里部，如三化汤就是此类；或开通壅滞的痰浊，如稀涎散、涤痰汤就是此类。
固护气脱，人参附子汤有功。对于脱证应当固摄，参附汤固守肾气，术附汤固守脾气，耆附汤固守卫气，归附汤固守营气。先固护其正气，其次再治疗风邪。如果在三生饮中加入一两人参，就成为了标本兼治的方法。正气虚弱而邪气强盛时，必须遵循此法。
看名字思考其含义。命名为“风”，明确说明是八方的风邪；命名为“中”，明确说明风邪从外部侵入。后人的议论穿凿附会，都不可以听从。
如果舍弃风邪的治疗，就不是正确的治疗方法。既然名为中风，就不能舍弃风邪而采用其他治疗方法。
火、气、痰，三种学说具备。刘河间提出五志过极，动火而导致卒中，都是因为热甚，所以主张以火为主。大法则是使用防风通圣散之类的方剂；也有引火归源的方法，如地黄饮子之类的方剂。李东垣认为元气不足导致邪气凑集，使人突然倒下像中风的样子，所以主张以气虚为主。大法则是使用补中益气汤加减。朱丹溪认为东南地区气温多湿，患有风病的人，并非外风；而是由湿生痰，痰生热，热生风，所以主张以湿为主。大法则是使用二陈汤加苍术、白术、竹沥、姜汁之类的药物。
不是真中风，称为类中风。“中”是指从外部进入内部。这三种情况，既然不是外来风邪，就不可以再仍称为中风，当时的贤者称之为类中风。
合而言之，这是小家的伎俩。虞天民说：古人论述中风，说的是症状。三位医家（刘、李、朱）论述中风，说的是病因。大概是因为气、因湿、因火，挟带风邪而发病，何尝有真中风和类中风的区分。
喑哑、口眼歪斜、昏倒于地。喑，是不能说话。口眼歪斜，是口眼不正。昏倒于地，是不省人事，突然跌倒在地。如果出现口开、目合，或者眼睛上翻、撒手、遗尿、打鼾睡、汗出如油的症状，属于不治之症。
急救先用（峻猛之法），随后再用柔润之法。柔润熄风，是治疗中风的秘法。喻嘉言的加味六君子汤、资寿解语汤非常奇妙。
填补空窍的方剂，效法《金匮要略》。《黄帝内经》说：邪气侵害空窍。《金匮要略》中有侯氏黑散、风引汤，在驱风的同时，兼以填空窍。空窍被填满，则内部旧有的邪气无法容纳，外部新的风邪也不再进入。喻嘉言说：张仲景取药积聚在腹中不下，是为了填空窍以熄风。后人不知道这个意义，每每想要开窍来排出风邪。终究因为空窍空虚而风邪更加炽盛，长此以往，何时才是尽头呢？三化汤、愈风汤、大秦艽汤都出自《机要方》，说是通真子所撰，不知道他的姓名。然而无名之辈，扰乱后人的见闻，这不就是一盲引众盲吗？
Among all diseases, stroke (Zhong Feng) is primary. The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "Wind is the chief of a hundred diseases." Ancient physicians stated: When wind strikes the Zang organs, it often causes stagnation in the nine orifices, presenting with symptoms such as flaccid lips, aphonia, deafness, blurred vision, nasal congestion, and difficult defecation; when wind strikes the Fu organs, it tends to affect the four limbs; when wind strikes the meridians, it causes deviation of the mouth and eyes; when wind strikes the vessels and collaterals, it results in hemiplegia.
Stroke occurs suddenly, with patients falling into a coma and losing consciousness, or presenting with symptoms such as phlegm surging, convulsions, and hemiplegia. "Eight directions" refers to East, West, South, North, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest.
The patterns of Excess Closure (Bi Zheng) and Deficiency Collapse (Tuo Zheng) are vastly different. Wind is agile and changes rapidly; its transformation depends on the cold or heat constitution of the patient's Zang-Fu organs. If the patient has latent heat in the Zang-Fu, wind rides the fire, and fire borrows the wind's power, resulting in Warm Wind (Re Feng). If the patient's Zang-Fu is inherently deficient and cold, wind meets water, creating ice-cold bones, resulting in Cold Wind (Han Feng). Warm wind often manifests as Excess Closure, for which treatment should prioritize unblocking; Cold wind often manifests as Deficiency Collapse, for which urgent warming and tonification are required.
To open pathogenic closure, Xiao Xuming Tang (Minor Continuation Life Decoction) is potent. Xiao Xuming Tang is the vanguard for treating wind patterns. It is modified according to the manifestations of the Six Channels (Liu Jing), primarily focusing on expelling pathogens. For closure, one should open the exterior, as in Xiao Xuming Tang; or open the interior, as in Sanhua Tang (Three Transformations Decoction); or open obstructive phlegm, as in Xixian San (Sputum-Descending Powder) or Didan Tang (Phlegm-Cleansing Decoction).
To secure Qi collapse, Renshen Fuzi Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Decoction) is effective. For collapse, one must consolidate: Renshen Fuzi Tang secures Kidney Qi, Zhufu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction) secures Spleen Qi, Qifutang (Astragalus and Aconite Decoction) secures Defensive Qi, and Guifutang (Angelica and Aconite Decoction) secures Nutritive Qi. First secure the Qi, then treat the wind. If one adds one liang of Renshen (Ginseng) to Yisheng Yin (Three Lives Infusion), it becomes a method of treating both root and branch simultaneously. This method must be followed when Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is weak and Pathogenic factors are strong.
Consider the meaning behind the name. Naming it "Wind" clearly indicates wind from the eight directions; naming it "Zhong" (Strike/Enter) clearly indicates wind entering from the outside. Later scholars' interpretations are forced and far-fetched and should not be followed.
If one abandons the treatment of wind, it is not the correct therapy. Since it is named Stroke, one cannot abandon wind treatment and adopt other methods.
Fire, Qi, and Phlegm: Three theories are prepared. Liu Hejian proposed that extreme emotions move Fire, leading to sudden stroke due to excessive heat, thus emphasizing Fire. The general principle is using Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Unimpeded Golden Shield Powder) or similar formulas; there are also methods to guide Fire back to its source, such as Dihuang Yinzi (Rehmannia Infusion). Li Dongyuan attributed sudden collapse resembling wind to insufficient Yuan Qi (Original Qi) allowing pathogens to gather, thus emphasizing Qi deficiency. The general principle is modifying Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). Zhu Danxi argued that in the southeast, where warmth and dampness prevail, wind disease is not true wind; rather, Dampness generates Phlegm, Phlegm generates Heat, and Heat generates Wind, thus emphasizing Dampness. The general principle is using Erchen Tang (Two-Olds Decoction) plus Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Zhuli (Bamboo Sap), and Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice).
Not True Stroke, Named Pseudo-Stroke. "Zhong" means entering from outside into inside. Since these three types are not external wind, they should no longer be called Stroke; contemporary experts call them Lei Zhong Feng (Pseudo-Stroke).
Synthesizing them reveals limited insight. Yu Tianmin said: The ancients discussed Stroke regarding its symptoms. These three masters discussed Stroke regarding its etiology. Whether caused by Qi, Dampness, or Fire, carrying Wind to manifest, where is the distinction between True Stroke and Pseudo-Stroke?
Aphonia, Deviation, Collapsing to the Ground. Aphonia means inability to speak. Deviation means misalignment of the mouth and eyes. Collapsing to the ground means loss of consciousness and sudden falling. Symptoms such as an open mouth, closed eyes, upward gaze, letting go of objects, urinary incontinence, snoring sleep, or sweat like oil indicate untreatable conditions.
Emergency rescue first, then gentle moistening. Gentle moistening to extinguish Wind is a secret method for treating Stroke. Yu Jiayan's Jia Wei Liu Junzi Tang (Modified Six Gentlemen Decoction) and Zishou Jieyu Tang (Longevity Speech-Unblocking Decoction) are excellent.
Formulas filling the Orifices follow the *Jinkui Yaolue*. The *Neijing* states: "Pathogens harm the empty orifices." The *Jinkui Yaolue* contains Houji Heisan (Houji Black Powder) and Fengyin Tang (Wind-Driving Decoction), which drive out wind while filling the empty orifices. When the orifices are filled, internal old pathogens cannot reside, and external new wind cannot enter. Yu Jiayan said: Zhang Zhongjing used herbs that accumulate in the abdomen without descending to fill the orifices and extinguish wind. Later generations did not understand this meaning, often attempting to open the orifices to expel wind. Ultimately, because the orifices remain empty, wind becomes more rampant; how can this endless cycle end? Sanhua Tang, Yufeng Tang, and Da Qinjiao Tang all come from the *Jiyao Fang* (Essentials Formulary), attributed to Tong Zhenzi, whose name is unknown. Thus, an obscure scholar confused later generations' understanding; is this not one blind leading many blind?