因风而病水也。
防己黄 汤(《金匮》) 治风水，脉浮身重，汗出恶风。
防己（三钱） 炙草（一钱五分） 白术（二钱） 黄 （三钱） 生姜（四片） 大枣（一枚）
水二杯，煎八分服。服后如虫行皮中，从腰下如冰，后坐被上，又以一被绕腰下，温令
微汗瘥。喘者，加麻黄；胃中不和者，加芍药；气上冲者，加桂枝。
虚汗自出，故不用麻黄以散之，只用防己以驱之。服后身如虫行及腰下如冰云云，皆湿
下行之征也，然非 、术、甘草，焉能使卫气复振，而驱湿下行哉!
越婢汤(《金匮》) 治恶风一身悉肿，脉浮不渴，续自汗出，无大热者。
麻黄（六钱） 石膏（八钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 大枣（五枚）
水四杯，先煮麻黄至三杯，去沫，入诸药煎八分服，日夜作三服。恶风者，加附子一钱
。风水，加白术三钱。
前云身重为湿多，此云一身悉肿为风多。风多气多热亦多，且属急风，故用此猛剂。
杏子汤 脉浮者为风水，发其汗即已。方阙，或云即甘草麻黄汤加杏仁。
水行于皮中也。其脉浮，外证跗肿，按之没指。曰不恶风者，不兼风也。曰其腹如鼓者
，外有胀形内不坚满也。曰不渴者，病不在内也。曰当发其汗者，以水在皮宜汗也。
防己茯苓汤(《金匮》) 治四肢肿，水在皮中聂聂动者。
防己 桂枝 黄 （各三钱） 茯苓（六钱） 炙草（一钱）
水三杯，煎八分服，日夜作三服。
药亦同防己黄 汤，但去术加桂、苓者，风水之湿在经络，近内；皮水之湿在皮肤，近
外。故但以苓协桂，渗周身之湿，而不以术燥其中气也。不用姜、枣者，湿不在上焦之营卫
，无取乎宣之也。
蒲灰散(《金匮》) 厥而为皮水者，此主之。肿甚而溃之逆证，厥之为言逆也。
蒲灰（半斤） 滑石（一斤）
为末。饮服方寸匕，日三服。
愚按∶当是外敷法，然利湿热之剂，亦可内服外掺也。
越婢加术汤(《金匮》) 里水此主之，甘草麻黄汤亦主之。按里水当是皮水笔误也。或
水在皮里，即皮水之重者，亦未可知。
方见《风水》。
甘草麻黄汤
甘草（四钱） 麻黄（二钱）
水二杯，先煮麻黄至一杯半，去沫，入甘草煮七分服。重覆汗出，不汗再服，慎风寒。
二药上宣肺气，中助土气，外行水气。
因风邪侵袭而引发的水肿病。
防己黄芪汤（出自《金匮要略》）用于治疗风水证，症状表现为脉象浮、身体沉重、出汗且怕风。
处方：防己（三钱）、炙甘草（一钱五分）、白术（二钱）、黄芪（三钱）、生姜（四片）、大枣（一枚）。
用水两杯，煎煮至剩余八分药液服用。服药后若感觉皮肤中有如虫子爬行的感觉，腰部以下感觉像冰一样冷，此时应坐在被子上，再用一条被子环绕腰部以下，保暖使其微微出汗即可痊愈。如果伴有气喘，加用麻黄；如果胃中不适，加用芍药；如果有气上冲的感觉，加用桂枝。
因为患者虚汗自出，所以不使用麻黄来发散，只使用防己来驱除湿邪。服药后出现身体如虫行及腰下如冰等现象，都是湿气向下运行的征兆，然而如果没有黄芪、白术和甘草，怎么能使卫气重新振奋，从而驱赶湿气下行呢！
越婢汤（出自《金匮要略》）用于治疗怕风、全身浮肿、脉象浮而不口渴、持续自汗出、没有大热的情况。
处方：麻黄（六钱）、石膏（八钱）、甘草（二钱）、生姜（三钱）、大枣（五枚）。
用水四杯，先煮麻黄至剩余三杯，去掉浮沫，加入其他药物煎煮至剩余八分药液服用，白天黑夜分三次服用。如果怕风严重，加用附子一钱。如果是风水证，加用白术三钱。
前面说身体沉重是湿邪多，这里说全身浮肿是风邪多。风邪多则气机壅滞且热邪也多，且属于急性的风邪，所以使用这种猛烈的方剂。
杏子汤：脉象浮的是风水证，发汗治疗即可痊愈。原方缺失，有人说就是甘草麻黄汤加杏仁。
水液停留在皮肤之中。其脉象浮，外部症状为足背浮肿，按压后凹陷不起。说不怕风的，是因为不兼夹风邪。说腹部像鼓一样的，是指外表有胀形但内部并不坚硬满实。说不口渴的，是因为病不在内脏。说应当发汗的，是因为水湿在皮肤层面适宜通过发汗来治疗。
防己茯苓汤（出自《金匮要略》）用于治疗四肢浮肿，水湿停留在皮肤中轻微跳动的情况。
处方：防己、桂枝、黄芪（各三钱）、茯苓（六钱）、炙甘草（一钱）。
用水三杯，煎煮至剩余八分药液服用，白天黑夜分三次服用。
药物组成与防己黄芪汤相同，只是去掉白术加上桂枝和茯苓的原因在于：风水证的湿邪在经络，位置较近体内；皮水证的湿邪在皮肤，位置较近体表。所以只用茯苓协助桂枝，渗透周身之湿，而不使用白术燥湿以伤其中焦之气。不用生姜和大枣的原因在于，湿邪不在上焦的营卫之间，不需要取用宣散的方法。
蒲灰散（出自《金匮要略》）用于厥逆并伴有皮水证的情况，此方主治。肿胀严重且溃破属于逆证，所谓“厥”就是指逆乱。
处方：蒲灰（半斤）、滑石（一斤）。
研成粉末。用米汤送服一方寸匕，每日三次服用。
我按语认为：这应该是外敷的方法，但是利湿清热的药剂，也可以内服或外掺使用。
越婢加术汤（出自《金匮要略》）用于里水证，此方主治，甘草麻黄汤也主治。按：里水应当是皮水的笔误。或者是水停留在皮里，即严重的皮水，也未可知。
方剂见《风水》章节。
甘草麻黄汤
处方：甘草（四钱）、麻黄（二钱）。
用水两杯，先煮麻黄至剩余一杯半，去掉浮沫，加入甘草煮至剩余七分药液服用。覆盖厚被使出汗，若无汗再服用，注意避免风寒。
这两味药向上宣通肺气，中间辅助土气（脾胃之气），向外运行水气。
Edema caused by the invasion of Wind pathogen.
Fangji Huangqi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Astragalus Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat Fengshui (Wind Edema), with symptoms of floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and aversion to wind.
Prescription: Fangji (3 qian), Zhi Gancao (1.5 qian), Baizhu (2 qian), Huangqi (3 qian), Shengjiang (4 slices), Dazao (1 piece).
Boil in two cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup for oral administration. After taking the medicine, if a sensation like insects crawling on the skin occurs, and the area below the waist feels cold as ice, one should sit on a quilt and wrap another quilt around the waist and lower body to keep warm until a slight sweat appears, which indicates recovery. If accompanied by asthma/wheezing, add Mahuang; if there is stomach discomfort, add Shaoyao; if there is a sensation of Qi rushing upward, add Guizhi.
Because the patient suffers from spontaneous sweating due to deficiency, Mahuang is not used for dispersal, but Fangji is used solely to drive out dampness. The sensations of insects crawling on the body and coldness below the waist after taking the medicine are all signs of dampness moving downward. However, without Huangqi, Baizhu, and Gancao, how could Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) be revitalized to drive dampness downward?
Yueshi Tang (Dredge the脾 Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat aversion to wind, generalized edema, floating pulse without thirst, continuous spontaneous sweating, and absence of high fever.
Prescription: Mahuang (6 qian), Shigao (8 qian), Gancao (2 qian), Shengjiang (3 qian), Dazao (5 pieces).
Boil in four cups of water, first decoct Mahuang until three cups remain, skim off the foam, then add other herbs and decoct until 0.8 cup remains. Take orally, divided into three doses throughout day and night. If aversion to wind is severe, add Fuzi (1 qian). For Fengshui (Wind Edema), add Baizhu (3 qian).
Previously it was stated that heaviness of body indicates excessive dampness; here, generalized edema indicates excessive Wind. Excessive Wind leads to excessive Qi stagnation and heat, and belongs to acute Wind, hence this potent formula is used.
Xingzi Tang: A floating pulse indicates Fengshui (Wind Edema); inducing sweating will cure it. The original formula is missing; some say it is Gancao Mahuang Tang plus Xingren.
Water resides within the skin. The pulse is floating, external signs include edema of the dorsum pedis where indentation persists upon pressure. "No aversion to wind" means no concurrent Wind pathogen. "Abdomen like a drum" refers to external distension without internal hardness or fullness. "No thirst" indicates the disease is not in the interior organs. "Should induce sweating" is because water in the skin layer is best treated via sweating.
Fangji Fuling Tang (Stephania and Poria Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat edema of the four limbs, where water resides in the skin causing slight pulsating movements.
Prescription: Fangji, Guizhi, Huangqi (each 3 qian), Fuling (6 qian), Zhi Gancao (1 qian).
Boil in three cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup for oral administration, divided into three doses throughout day and night.
The ingredients are the same as Fangji Huangqi Tang, except Baizhu is removed and Guizhi and Fuling are added. This is because in Fengshui (Wind Edema), dampness is in the meridians, closer to the interior; whereas in Pishui (Skin Edema), dampness is in the skin, closer to the exterior. Therefore, only Fuling assists Guizhi to渗 (permeate/drain) dampness throughout the body, avoiding the use of Baizhu to dry dampness and damage Middle Jiao Qi. Ginger and Jujube are not used because the dampness is not in the Ying-Wei (Nutritive-Defensive) of the Upper Jiao, so there is no need for dispersing methods.
Puhui San (Reed Mosaic Ash Powder, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) treats cases of Jue (cold extremities/reversal) complicated by Pishui (Skin Edema). Severe swelling with ulceration is a adverse sign; "Jue" implies reversal/cold extremities.
Prescription: Puhui (half jin), Huashi (one jin).
Grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi (square-inch measure) with water, three times daily.
My commentary: This is likely an external application method, however, formulas that promote diuresis and clear damp-heat can also be taken internally or applied externally.
Yueshi Jia Zhu Tang (Dredge the脾 Decoction plus Atractylodes Macrocephala, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) treats Li Shui (Interior Water); Gancao Mahuang Tang also treats it. Note: "Li Shui" is likely a scribal error for "Pi Shui". Or perhaps it refers to water residing beneath the skin, i.e., severe Pi Shui, which is also possible.
See formula in "Fengshui" section.
Gancao Mahuang Tang
Prescription: Gancao (4 qian), Mahuang (2 qian).
Boil in two cups of water, first decoct Mahuang until 1.5 cups remain, skim off the foam, add Gancao and decoct until 0.7 cup remains. Cover with thick blankets to induce sweating; if no sweat, take again. Avoid wind and cold.
These two herbs ascend to diffuse Lung Qi, assist Spleen Qi in the middle, and move water Qi outward.