（干咳附）
咳嗽当分二病为，有声无痰咳症知。有痰无声名曰嗽，嗽属脾家湿痰欺。咳为肺经痰气
盛，均为肺病总无疑。新者痰食风寒属，或泻或散易治之。久者劳火阴虚症，虽可攻补却难
医。治用贝母杏紫苏，花粉桔梗及前胡。栀芩清火宽中壳（枳壳），半夏消痰甘橘荷（薄荷）。
引用生姜与灯草，饮时食后起沉 。风痰添以星（南星）沥汁，肺实桑葶不可无（脉右浮洪有
力，或气喘甚）。若还风嗽声难转，麻黄羌活防风苏。清早嗽多肺火动，天麦二冬在所用。上
午嗽者胃火伏，知母石膏病自中。下午嗽多属血虚，四物补阴二冬共。阿胶五味款冬花，元
参北沙皆可奉。春嗽柴芎芍加入，夏宜清火麦冬得。秋用桑防冬解表，麻防桂半干姜吃。呕
吐痰涎无声者，二陈平胃治之适。再增术枳亦多功，姜汁加引不可忽。
寒
桂枝 杏仁 苏梗 桑叶 桑皮 甘草 苡仁 生姜 象贝
寒包热
麻杏石甘汤
风
杏仁 薄荷 橘红 苏梗 前胡 桑皮 桔梗 象贝
风温化燥
玉竹 沙参 桑叶 花粉 山栀 橘红
贝母 杏仁 甘草 芦根 梨肉
暑不宜重发散
香薷 花粉 杏仁 贝母 麦冬 鲜竹叶 沙参 滑石 橘红 甘草 山栀 六一散
温化燥伤胃阴
玉竹 沙参 甘草 梨汁 桑叶 扁豆 蔗浆 麦门冬汤 麦冬 半夏 人参 甘草 大枣 粳米
胆火犯肺（解木郁之火）
羚羊片 连翘 薄荷 栝蒌 苦丁茶 山栀 杏仁 菊叶
郁火伤胃（益土泄木）
玉竹 桑叶 茯苓 白芍 枣子 甘草 沙参 丹皮 扁豆
肾胃阴兼虚（摄纳下焦纯甘清燥）
熟地 五味 淮膝 茯苓 山药 车前 胡桃 莲子 黄 沙参 麦冬 扁豆 甘草 柿霜 枣子
营热
生地 元参 竹叶 麦冬 百合 甘草
中气虚
归 建中汤、异功散
劳嗽（金木同治）
熟地 扁豆 麦冬 六味丸 沙参 川斛 茯神 异功散加燕窝 都气丸加青铅
劳倦阳虚（左咳甚木乘金也）
干姜 桂枝 枣子 五味 茯苓 甘草
胃嗽呕痰（当用甘药）
沙参 麦冬 南枣子 扁豆 茯神 糯稻根 有伏邪∶麻黄 石膏 杏仁 甘草
半夏 小半夏汤 半夏 生姜 加姜汁
肝犯肺胃（气左升吞酸）
丹皮 钩藤 半夏 桑叶 茯苓 陈皮
小青龙汤去麻黄 细辛 甘草 加石膏 安胃丸
肝风巅胀（宜和阳熄风）
牡蛎 阿胶 淡菜 青黛 左升太过∶阿胶 女贞子 鸡子黄 木反刑金 生地 天门冬 糯稻根
胁痛
旋复花汤加桃仁、柏仁
寒热右胁痛
芦根 苡仁 白蔻仁 杏仁 枣子 枇杷叶
大肠嗽（必便溏畏风）
白术 木瓜 赤石脂 炙草 枣子 茯苓 白芍 禹余粮 姜汁
陈曰∶木扣金鸣，清金制木，暑与风寒热兼症，理肺治胃为主。风用辛平，寒用辛温，土
虚不生金，用甘凉、甘温二物，合乎阳土阴上。
（干咳附）
咳嗽应当分为两种病证来辨别，有声音但没有痰的称为咳。有痰但没有声音的称为嗽，嗽属于脾脏湿痰为患。咳是由于肺经痰气旺盛所致，总归是肺部的疾病，这毫无疑问。新发的咳嗽多由痰食、风寒引起，或者通过泻下或发散的方法容易治疗。久咳则是劳损火旺、阴虚的症状，虽然可以采用攻邪或补益的方法，却难以治愈。治疗常用贝母、杏仁、紫苏、天花粉、桔梗和前胡。栀子、黄芩清火并宽中理气用枳壳，半夏消痰配合甘草、橘皮和薄荷。引用生姜与灯心草作为药引，在饮食前后服用以消除深沉的病症。如果是风痰，加入南星和竹沥汁；如果是肺实证（脉象右部浮洪有力，或者气喘严重），桑白皮不可不用。如果还是风嗽且声音难以转动，可用麻黄、羌活、防风、紫苏。清晨咳嗽多因肺火发动，天冬、麦冬在使用范围内。上午咳嗽者多为胃火潜伏，知母、石膏针对此病从中焦调理。下午咳嗽多属于血虚，四物汤滋阴配合二冬共同使用。阿胶、五味子、款冬花，玄参、北沙参都可以选用。春季咳嗽加入柴胡、川芎、白芍；夏季适宜清火，麦冬得宜。秋季用桑叶、防风解表，麻黄、防风、桂枝、半夏、干姜服用。呕吐痰涎且没有声音的，二陈汤和平胃散治疗适宜。再增加白术、枳壳也有很多功效，加姜汁作为药引不可忽视。
寒证：桂枝、杏仁、苏梗、桑叶、桑皮、甘草、苡仁、生姜、象贝。
寒包热证：麻杏石甘汤。
风温化燥证：玉竹、沙参、桑叶、花粉、山栀、橘红、贝母、杏仁、甘草、芦根、梨肉。
暑证不宜重发散：香薷、花粉、杏仁、贝母、麦冬、鲜竹叶、沙参、滑石、橘红、甘草、山栀、六一散。
温化燥伤胃阴证：玉竹、沙参、甘草、梨汁、桑叶、扁豆、蔗浆、麦门冬汤、麦冬、半夏、人参、甘草、大枣、粳米。
胆火犯肺（解除肝木郁结之火）：羚羊片、连翘、薄荷、栝蒌、苦丁茶、山栀、杏仁、菊叶。
郁火伤胃（补益脾胃泄泻肝木之火）：玉竹、桑叶、茯苓、白芍、枣子、甘草、沙参、丹皮、扁豆。
肾胃阴兼虚（摄纳下焦纯甘清燥之法）：熟地、五味、淮膝、茯苓、山药、车前、胡桃、莲子、黄芪、沙参、麦冬、扁豆、甘草、柿霜、枣子。
劳嗽（金木同治）：熟地、扁豆、麦冬、六味丸、沙参、川斛、茯神、异功散加燕窝、都气丸加青铅。
劳倦阳虚（左侧咳嗽甚，为肝木乘肺金）：干姜、桂枝、枣子、五味、茯苓、甘草。
胃嗽呕痰（当用甘药）：沙参、麦冬、南枣子、扁豆、茯神、糯稻根；若有伏邪：麻黄、石膏、杏仁、甘草、半夏、小半夏汤、半夏、生姜、加姜汁。
肝犯肺胃（气机左升伴有吞酸）：丹皮、钩藤、半夏、桑叶、茯苓、陈皮；小青龙汤去麻黄、细辛、甘草，加石膏、安胃丸。
肝风巅胀（宜调和阳气熄风）：牡蛎、阿胶、淡菜、青黛；左升太过：阿胶、女贞子、鸡子黄；木反刑金：生地、天门冬、糯稻根。
大肠嗽（必然大便溏薄、畏风）：白术、木瓜、赤石脂、炙草、枣子、茯苓、白芍、禹余粮、姜汁。
陈氏说：肝木叩击肺金鸣响，需清肃肺气制约肝木。暑邪与风寒热兼夹症状，以理肺治胃为主。风证用辛平之品，寒证用辛温之品。土虚不能生金，用甘凉、甘温两类药物，合乎阳土阴上的道理。
(Attached to Dry Cough)
Cough should be differentiated into two types of diseases. One with sound but no phlegm is known as "Ke" (cough). One with phlegm but no sound is called "Sou" (sputtering), which belongs to damp-phlegm afflicting the Spleen. "Ke" is due to excessive phlegm and Qi in the Lung Meridian, and it is undoubtedly a disease of the Lungs. New-onset cases involve phlegm-food stagnation or wind-cold, and are easily treated by purging or dispersing. Chronic cases involve consumptive fire and Yin deficiency; although they can be treated by attacking pathogens or tonifying, they are difficult to cure. Treatment uses Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Perillae Caulis (Zisu), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), and Peucedani Radix (Qianhu). Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) clear fire and broaden the middle using Aurantii Fructus (Zhike); Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) eliminates phlegm combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe). Ginger and Juncus Effusus (Dengcao) are used as guides; taken after meals to resolve deep-seated issues. For wind-phlegm, add Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing) and Bamboo Sap (Lizhi); for excess in the Lungs (pulse floating, full, and forceful on the right, or severe asthma), Mulberry Cortex (Sangbaitu) must not be omitted. If it is still wind-cough with stiff voice, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), and Perillae Folium (Zisu) are used. Morning coughs often indicate moving Lung fire, where Asparagi Radix (Tianmen Dong) and Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) are employed. Afternoon coughs suggest latent Stomach fire, addressed by Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu) and Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) from the middle. Evening coughs mostly belong to Blood deficiency, treated with Siwu Decoction (Four Substance Decoction) to nourish Yin along with Tianmen Dong and Maidong. Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), and Farfarae Flos (Kuandonghua), along with Scrophulariae Radix (Yuanshen) and Glehniae Radix (Beisha), are all suitable. In spring, Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) are added; in summer, clearing fire with Maidong is appropriate. In autumn, Mori Folium (Sangye) and Fangfeng are used to release the exterior; Mahuang, Fangfeng, Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Banxia, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang) are consumed. Vomiting of phlegm-saliva without sound is appropriately treated with Erchen Decoction (Two Aged Things Decoction) and Pingwei San (Calm the Stomach Powder). Adding Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) adds much efficacy; adding Ginger Juice as a guide should not be ignored.
Cold Pattern: Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Perillae Caulis (Sugeng), Mori Folium (Sangye), Mori Cortex (Sangpi), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Coicis Semen (Yiren), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (Xiangbei).
Cold Enveloping Heat: Mahuang Xinggan Decoction (Mahuang, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, Licorice Decoction).
Wind Pattern: Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Juhong), Perillae Caulis (Sugeng), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Mori Cortex (Sangpi), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (Xiangbei).
Wind-Warmth Transforming into Dryness: Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Mori Folium (Sangye), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Juhong), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lugen), Pear Flesh (Lirou).
Summerheat: Heavy diaphoresis is contraindicated. Elsholtziae Herba (Xiangru), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Fresh Lamiophlomis Herba (Xianzhuye - *Note: Text says fresh bamboo leaf, usually Zhu Ye*), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Talcum (Huashi), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Juhong), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Liuyi San (Six-to-One Powder).
Warmth Transforming into Dryness Damaging Stomach Yin: Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Pear Juice (Lizhi), Mori Folium (Sangye), Dolichos Lablab Seed (Bian Dou), Sugarcane Juice (Zheshuang), Maidong Menxi Decoction (Ophiopogon Decoction), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Jujubae Fructus (Dazao), Oryza Sativa (Jingshi).
Gallbladder Fire Invading Lungs (Resolving Liver Wood Depressed Fire): Antelopis Cornu (Lingyang Pian), Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou), Kudingcha (Kuding Cha), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (Juye).
Depressed Fire Damaging Stomach (Tonifying Earth to Drain Wood): Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu), Mori Folium (Sangye), Poria (Fuling), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Jujubae Fructus (Zaizi), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Moutan Cortex (Danpi), Dolichos Lablab Seed (Bian Dou).
Combined Kidney and Stomach Yin Deficiency (Absorbing Lower Jiao Pure Sweet Clear-Drying Method): Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudi), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Huai Ni), Poria (Fuling), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao), Alismatis Rhizoma (Cheqian), Juglans Regia (Hutao), Nelumbinis Semen (Lianzi), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Dolichos Lablab Seed (Bian Dou), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Persimmon Frost (Shishuang), Jujubae Fructus (Zaizi).
Nutrient (Ying) Heat: Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), Scrophulariae Radix (Yuanshen), Laminis Lamina (Zhuye), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Lilii Bulbus (Baihe), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao).
Middle Qi Deficiency: Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Gui), Jianzhong Tang (Establish the Middle Decoction), Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder).
Consumptive Cough (Treating Metal and Wood Together): Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudi), Dolichos Lablab Seed (Bian Dou), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Dendrobii Caulis (Chuanhu), Poria (Fushen), Yigong San plus Bird's Nest, Duqi Wan plus Lead White (Qingqian).
Exhaustion Yang Deficiency (Left-sided cough is severe, Wood overacting on Metal): Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Jujubae Fructus (Zaizi), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Poria (Fuling), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao).
Stomach Cough with Vomiting Phlegm (Use Sweet Medicines): Glehniae Radix (Shashen), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Southern Jujube (Nanzaozi), Dolichos Lablab Seed (Bian Dou), Poria (Fushen), Glutinous Rice Root (Nuodaogen); if latent pathogen exists: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Xiaobanxia Tang (Minor Pinellia Decoction), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang), add Ginger Juice.
Liver Invading Lungs and Stomach (Qi rising leftward with acid regurgitation): Moutan Cortex (Danpi), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (Gouteng), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Mori Folium (Sangye), Poria (Fuling), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium); Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) minus Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), plus Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Angwei Wan (Stomach-Calming Pill).
Liver Wind causing Head Distension (Harmony Yang and Extinguish Wind): Ostreae Concha (Muli), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Mytilus Edulis (Dancai), Cyanum (Qingdai); Left rising too excessive: Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Ligustrum Lucidum Fructus (Nvzhenzi), Chicken Egg Yolk (Jizihuang); Wood counter-punishing Metal: Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), Asparagi Cochinchinensisensis (Tianmendong), Glutinous Rice Root (Nuodaogen).
Hypochondriac Pain: Xuanfu Dai Zhe Tang (Inula and Hematite Decoction) plus Persicariae Herba (Taoren) and Biota Seed (Bairen).
Alternating Cold and Heat with Right Hypochondriac Pain: Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lugen), Coicis Semen (Yiren), Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Baikou Ren), Armeniacae Semen (Xingren), Jujubae Fructus (Zaizi), Loquat Leaf (Pipaye).
Large Intestine Cough (Must have loose stools and aversion to wind): Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Papaveris Semen Rubrum (Mugua - *Note: Mugua usually refers to Chaenomeles, here likely referring to its astringent property or specific context*), Red Halloysite (Chishizhi), Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix (Zhigancao), Jujubae Fructus (Zaizi), Poria (Fuling), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Yuyuliangshi (Yuyuliang), Ginger Juice (Jiangzhi).
Mr. Chen said: When Wood strikes Metal, it rings; clear Metal to control Wood. For Summerheat combined with Wind-Cold-Heat symptoms, regulating the Lungs and treating the Stomach is primary. For Wind, use Acrid-Ping (Neutral) herbs; for Cold, use Acrid-Warm herbs. If Earth deficiency fails to generate Metal, use Sweet-Cool and Sweet-Warm substances, conforming to the principle of Yang Earth and Yin Upper.