雀啄连连,止而又作(肝绝。)屋漏水流,半时一落(胃绝。)弹石沉弦,按之指搏(肾绝。)乍密
乍疏,乱如解索(脾绝。)本息(息,不动也)末摇,鱼翔相若(心绝。)虾游冉冉,忽然一跃(大肠绝。
釜沸空浮,绝无根脚肺绝。七怪一形,医休下药(此言五脏绝脉也,六腑中独言大肠与胃者,
以其属于阳明,为一身之最重者也。
妇人之脉,尺大于寸,尺脉涩微,经愆定论。三部如常,经停莫恨。尺或有神,得胎如
愿(左尺大为男,右尺大为女。)妇人有胎,亦取左寸(手少阴盛为有子,)不如神门(神门穴为心脉
所过,左大为男,右大为女,)占之不遁。
月断病多,六脉不病,体弱未形,有胎可庆。妇人经停,脉来滑疾,按有散形,三月可
必,按之不散,五月是实,和滑而代,二月为率。
妇人有孕,尺内数弦。内崩血下,革脉亦然,将产之脉,名曰离经(离时常脉,)内动胎气
,外变脉形。新产伤阴,出血不止,尺不上关,十有九死,尽弱而涩,肠(小肠也)冷恶寒,年
少得之,受孕艮难,年大得之,绝产血干。
五岁以下,脉无由验,食指三关(第一节寅位为风关,第二节卯位为气关,第三节辰位为
命关,以男左女右为则,)脉络可见,热占紫纹,伤寒红像,青惊白疳,直同影响。隐隐淡黄
,无病可想。黑色曰危,心为怏怏。若再风关,病轻弗忌。若在气关,病重留意。若在命关
,危急须记。脉纹入掌,内钩之始,弯里风寒,弯外积致(食积致病。)五岁以上,可诊脉位(以
一指按其寸、关、尺,)指下推求,大率七至,加则火门,减则寒类,余照《脉经》,求之以
意,更有变蒸,脉乱汗热,不食汗多,或吐或泻,原有定期,与病分别。疹痘之初,四末寒
彻,面赤气粗,涕泪弗辍。半岁小儿,外候最切,按其额中(以名、中、食三指候于额前,眉
端,发际之间,食指近发为上,名指近眉为下,中指为中,)病情可晰,外感于风,三指俱热
,内外俱寒,三指冷冽,上热下寒,食中(二)指热。设若夹惊,名中(二)指热,设若食停,食指
独热。
雀啄脉连续不断,停歇后又发作(这是肝气绝的表现)。屋漏脉像雨水滴落,半时才落下一次(这是胃气绝的表现)。弹石脉沉而弦硬,按压时手指感到搏动有力(这是肾气绝的表现)。乍密乍疏,杂乱无章如同解开绳索(这是脾气绝的表现)。脉搏根部不动,仅末端摇动,如同鱼在水中游动(这是心气绝的表现)。虾游脉缓缓出现,忽然跳跃一下(这是大肠气绝的表现)。釜沸脉空虚浮泛,完全没有根基(这是肺气绝的表现)。出现这七种怪脉中的任何一种,医生就不要下药了(这里说的是五脏气绝的脉象,六腑中唯独提到大肠和胃,是因为它们属于阳明经,是全身最重要的脏腑)。
妇女的脉象,尺部脉大于寸部脉,如果尺脉涩而微弱,月经失调就是确定的结论。如果三部脉象正常,月经停止也不必担心。如果尺脉有神气,怀孕的愿望就能实现(左尺脉大为生男孩,右尺脉大为生女孩)。妇女怀孕,也可以取左寸脉来诊断(手少阴心经旺盛表示有孕),但不如神门穴处脉象明显(神门穴是心脉经过的地方,左脉大为生男孩,右脉大为生女孩),占卜不会遗漏。
月经断绝多为疾病,但六脉没有病态,身体虚弱尚未显现外形,这可能是怀孕值得庆贺。妇女月经停止,脉象滑利疾速,重按有散漫之形,三个月可以确定;重按不散,五个月是实情;脉象和缓滑利且带有代象,两个月为常规。
妇女怀孕,尺部脉数而弦。如果是内崩下血,革脉也是同样的表现。将要分娩时的脉象,叫做离经脉(不同于平时的常脉),内里胎气动荡,外表脉形改变。新产后损伤阴血,出血不止,尺脉不上关部,十有九个死亡;脉象尽弱而涩,小肠寒冷恶寒,年轻人得此脉,受孕困难;年长者得此脉,绝产且血枯。
五岁以下儿童,脉象难以通过切诊验证,看食指三关(第一节寅位为风关,第二节卯位为气关,第三节辰位为命关,以男左女右为准则),脉络可见,热证占紫纹,伤寒呈红色像,青色主惊风,白色主疳积,判断如同影随形般准确。隐隐淡黄色,可想到无病。黑色表示危险,心中怏怏不乐。如果纹路在风关,病情轻浅不必忌讳。如果在气关,病情较重需留意。如果在命关,危急情况必须记住。脉纹进入手掌,开始向内钩曲,弯曲向内是风寒所致,弯曲向外是食积致病。五岁以上,可以诊察脉位(用一根手指按压其寸、关、尺三部),指下推求,大概七至为正常,超过则是火证,少于则是寒证,其余参照《脉经》,用心意去探求。还有变蒸现象,脉乱汗出发热,不吃东西出汗多,或吐或泻,原有定期,要与疾病区分开来。疹痘初起,四肢寒冷彻骨,面色红赤气息粗重,鼻涕眼泪不停。半岁小儿,外部征候最关键,按其额头(用名指、中指、食指三指候于额前,眉端与发际之间,食指靠近发际为上,名指靠近眉毛为下,中指为中),病情可以清晰分辨,外感风邪,三指都热;内外俱寒,三指冷冽;上热下寒,中指和二指热。如果夹带惊风,中指和二指热;如果食积停滞,只有食指独热。
The Quezhuo (Sparrow Pecking) pulse comes continuously, stopping and then resuming (indicating the exhaustion of Liver Qi). The Wulou (House Leak) pulse flows like dripping water, falling only once every half hour (indicating the exhaustion of Stomach Qi). The Tanshi (Striking Stone) pulse is deep and wiry, feeling forceful and pulsating under pressure (indicating the exhaustion of Kidney Qi). The pulse suddenly becomes dense and then sparse, chaotic as if untangling a rope (indicating the exhaustion of Spleen Qi). The root of the pulse remains still while the tip trembles, resembling a fish swimming (indicating the exhaustion of Heart Qi). The Xiayou (Shrimp Swimming) pulse appears slowly and then suddenly jumps (indicating the exhaustion of Large Intestine Qi). The Fufei (Cauldron Boiling) pulse is empty and floating, completely lacking a root (indicating the exhaustion of Lung Qi). If any of these seven abnormal pulses appear, the physician should not administer medicine (This refers to the exhaustion pulses of the Five Zang organs; among the Six Fu organs, only the Large Intestine and Stomach are mentioned because they belong to the Yangming channel, which is the most vital in the body).
In women, the Chi (Cun-Chi) pulse at the radial artery's distal position is larger than the Cun (Inch) pulse. If the Chi pulse is choppy and faint, menstrual irregularity is certain. If the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) are normal, there is no need to worry about amenorrhea. If the Chi pulse has spirit/vitality, pregnancy can be expected (A large left Chi pulse indicates a male fetus, a large right Chi pulse indicates a female fetus). For pregnant women, the left Cun pulse can also be taken for diagnosis (Excess in the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian indicates pregnancy), but it is less definitive than the Shenmen point (Shenmen [HT7] is where the Heart meridian passes; a large left pulse indicates a male, a large right pulse indicates a female), ensuring no omission in diagnosis.
Amenorrhea is often due to disease, yet if the six pulses show no pathology and the body shows no signs of weakness, pregnancy may be present and worthy of celebration. In women with amenorrhea, if the pulse is slippery and rapid, and feels scattered upon deep pressure, pregnancy can be confirmed at three months; if it does not feel scattered upon deep pressure, it is definite at five months; a harmonious, slippery pulse with intermittent pauses (Dai pulse) is typical at two months.
During pregnancy, the Chi pulse is rapid and wiry. In cases of internal hemorrhage, the Ge (Leather) pulse presents similarly. The pulse before delivery is called the Lijing (Departing from Standard) pulse (deviating from the usual pulse), indicating internal fetal movement and external pulse shape changes. After new birth, Yin is damaged and bleeding continues; if the Chi pulse does not reach the Guan (Bar) position, nine out of ten cases result in death. A pulse that is entirely weak and choppy, accompanied by coldness and aversion to cold in the Small Intestine, indicates difficulty in conception for young women, and sterility with blood dryness for older women.
For children under five years old, pulse diagnosis is difficult; instead, observe the three sections of the index finger (the first segment, Yin position, is the Fengguan/Wind Gate; the second segment, Mao position, is the Qiguan/Air Gate; the third segment, Chen position, is the Mingguan/Life Gate, following the rule of left for males and right for females). Visible vascular patterns indicate: purple lines suggest heat, red images suggest Cold Damage (Shanghan), green suggests fright/convulsions, and white suggests malnutrition syndrome (Gan); these indications are as accurate as shadow follows form. Faint yellow suggests health. Black indicates danger and mental distress. If the pattern is at the Fengguan, the illness is mild and not alarming. If at the Qiguan, the illness is severe and requires attention. If at the Mingguan, it is critical and must be noted. If the pattern enters the palm and hooks inward, it begins with an inward curve indicating Wind-Cold, and an outward curve indicates Food Retention. For children over five, pulse positions can be diagnosed (using one finger to press the Cun, Guan, and Chi positions). Generally, seven beats per breath cycle is normal; more indicates Fire syndromes, fewer indicates Cold syndromes. Refer to the *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) for others, seeking understanding through intent. There is also "Bianzheng" (developmental fever), characterized by chaotic pulse, sweating, fever, anorexia, excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea, which occurs periodically and must be distinguished from disease. At the onset of chickenpox/smallpox, the four extremities are cold, the face is red, breathing is coarse, and tears and mucus flow incessantly. For infants around six months old, external signs are crucial; palpate the forehead (using the ring, middle, and index fingers on the forehead between the eyebrows and hairline, with the index finger near the hairline as upper, ring finger near eyebrows as lower, and middle finger as center). The condition can be clarified: external Wind attack makes all three fingers hot; internal and external Cold makes all three fingers cold; Upper Heat and Lower Cold makes the middle and index fingers hot. If complicated by Fright, the middle and index fingers are hot; if due to Food Stagnation, only the index finger is hot.