呕者，口中出水而无食也。吐者，口中吐食而无水也。呕吐者，水与食并出也。哕者，口中有哕
味也。呃逆者，气冲有声，声短而频也。总属阳明胃病也。胃以下行为顺，倘木郁克土，而胃气
上逆，则诸病作矣。然有虚实寒热之不同。宜分治之。如食谷欲呕，手足逆冷，烦躁欲死，属胃虚。有寒
者，以吴茱萸汤主之。如胃反吐而渴，欲饮水，因湿盛瘀塞，胃土降路。而火不得下，蛰属胃实。有热者
，以茯苓泽泻汤主之。如呕而脉弱，小便复利，身有微热，四肢见厥，属寒盛格阳者，以四逆
汤主之。如食已即吐，属胃湿生热者，以大黄甘草汤主之。如吐呕而谷不得下，胃气上逆，浊阴不
降，属胃实有寒者，以小半夏汤主之。如呕吐发热，腹中痞满，胸胁作痛，属肝郁有热者，以小
柴胡汤主之。如呕而肠鸣，心下痞硬，有寒有热，半虚半实者，以半夏泻心汤主之。如哕逆者，以橘
皮竹茹汤主之。如呃逆者，以代赭旋复花汤主之。如久病呃逆，恐脾肾之气将绝，宜纯以温补之药治
之。以上诸证，或统以二陈汤加减治之。
吴茱萸汤
（方见头痛）
茯苓泽泻汤
茯苓（八钱） 泽泻（四钱） 甘草（二钱） 桂枝（二钱） 白术（三钱） 生姜（四钱）
水煎大半杯，温服。
四逆汤
甘草（二钱） 干姜（三钱） 附子（二钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。
大黄甘草汤
大黄（四钱） 甘草（二钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。
小半夏汤
半夏（四钱） 生姜（四钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。如胃败已极，宜去半夏加人参。
小柴胡汤
（方见瘟疫）
半夏泻心汤
半夏（三钱） 黄芩（一钱半） 干姜（一钱半） 甘草（一钱半） 人参（一钱半）
黄连（五分） 大枣（二枚） 水煎大半杯，温服。
橘皮竹茹汤
橘皮（三钱） 竹茹（二钱） 生姜（五钱） 人参（一钱） 甘草（二钱） 大枣（三枚）
水煎大半杯，温服。
代赭旋复花汤
旋复花（一钱半） 代赭石（五分） 人参（一钱） 甘草（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 生姜
（二钱） 大枣（二枚） 水煎大半杯，温服。
二陈汤
（方见眩晕） 倍半夏，加生姜，水煎服。热加黄连、鲜竹茹、鲜芦根。寒加吴茱萸、人参、
大枣。食积加神曲、
山楂、麦芽。哕加旋复花、人参、代赭石。呃逆加丁香。柿蒂、杏仁、砂仁；如久病发呃，为脾肾之气
将绝，不用此方，惟用人参一两，干姜附子各三钱，丁香、沉香、柿蒂各一钱服之。如吐
虫，宜去甘草，加川椒、人参、吴茱萸、黄连、黄柏、干姜、乌梅肉各一钱。
呕吐，是指口中流出清水而没有食物。吐，是指口中吐出食物而没有清水。呕吐，是指清水与食物同时涌出。哕，是指口中有干呕的声音或气味。呃逆，是指气冲向上发出声音，声音短促而频繁。这些病症总归属于阳明胃部的病变。胃的功能以向下通降为顺，如果肝木郁结克制脾土，导致胃气上逆，那么各种病症就会发生。然而，病情有虚、实、寒、热的不同，应当分别治疗。
例如，进食后想要呕吐，手足冰冷，烦躁痛苦难以忍受，属于胃虚且有寒的情况，用吴茱萸汤（Cinnamon Twig and Evodia Decoction）主治。
例如，胃反吐且口渴，想要饮水，这是因为湿气盛重瘀塞，导致胃土下降的道路受阻，火气不能下行，蛰伏于内，属于胃实且有热的情况，用茯苓泽泻汤（Poria and Alisma Decoction）主治。
例如，呕吐且脉象微弱，小便通畅，身体有轻微发热，四肢出现厥冷，属于寒气盛极格拒阳气（真寒假热）的情况，用四逆汤（Four Reversal Decoction）主治。
例如，吃完食物立即呕吐，属于胃湿生热的情况，用大黄甘草汤（Rhubarb and Licorice Decoction）主治。
例如，呕吐且谷物无法下咽，胃气上逆，浊阴之气不降，属于胃实且有寒的情况，用小半夏汤（Minor Pinellia Decoction）主治。
例如，呕吐伴有发热，腹部痞闷胀满，胸胁部位疼痛，属于肝气郁结且有热的情况，用小柴胡汤（Minor Bupleurum Decoction）主治。
例如，呕吐伴有肠鸣，心下部痞塞坚硬，既有寒又有热，属于半虚半实的情况，用半夏泻心汤（Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction）主治。
例如，出现哕逆症状的，用橘皮竹茹汤（Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction）主治。
例如，出现呃逆症状的，用代赭旋复花汤（Hematite and Inula Flower Decoction）主治。
如果是久病导致的呃逆，恐怕是脾肾之气即将断绝，应当纯粹使用温补的药物进行治疗。以上各种证候，也可以统一用二陈汤（Two-Aged Phlegm Decoction）加减来治疗。
吴茱萸汤
（方剂见头痛章节）
茯苓泽泻汤
茯苓（八钱） 泽泻（四钱） 甘草（二钱） 桂枝（二钱） 白术（三钱） 生姜（四钱）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
四逆汤
甘草（二钱） 干姜（三钱） 附子（二钱）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
大黄甘草汤
大黄（四钱） 甘草（二钱）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
小半夏汤
半夏（四钱） 生姜（四钱）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。如果胃气败坏至极，应当去掉半夏，加入人参。
小柴胡汤
（方剂见瘟疫章节）
半夏泻心汤
半夏（三钱） 黄芩（一钱半） 干姜（一钱半） 甘草（一钱半） 人参（一钱半）
黄连（五分） 大枣（两枚）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
橘皮竹茹汤
橘皮（三钱） 竹茹（二钱） 生姜（五钱） 人参（一钱） 甘草（二钱） 大枣（三枚）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
代赭旋复花汤
旋复花（一钱半） 代赭石（五分） 人参（一钱） 甘草（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 生姜（二钱） 大枣（两枚）
加水煎煮至大半杯，温服。
二陈汤
（方剂见眩晕章节） 加倍半夏，加入生姜，水煎服。热证加黄连、鲜竹茹、鲜芦根。寒证加吴茱萸、人参、大枣。食积加神曲、山楂、麦芽。哕逆加旋复花、人参、代赭石。呃逆加丁香、柿蒂、杏仁、砂仁；如果是久病发作呃逆，认为是脾肾之气将绝，不使用此方，只用人参一两，干姜、附子各三钱，丁香、沉香、柿蒂各一钱服用。如果出现吐虫，应当去掉甘草，加入川椒、人参、吴茱萸、黄连、黄柏、干姜、乌梅肉各一钱。
Vomiting (Ou) refers to the discharge of clear fluids from the mouth without food. Spitting up (Tu) refers to the discharge of food from the mouth without clear fluids. Vomiting and spitting up (Outu) refers to the simultaneous discharge of both fluids and food. Hiccoughing with a dry heave sound (Yue) refers to the presence of a dry heave sound or odor in the mouth. Hiccups (Eni) refer to qi rushing upward producing sound, characterized by short and frequent sounds. These conditions generally belong to disorders of the Yangming Stomach. The stomach's function is smooth when it descends; if Liver Wood stagnation overacts on Spleen Earth, causing Stomach Qi to rebel upward, various diseases will arise. However, there are differences in deficiency, excess, cold, and heat, which should be treated separately.
For instance, if one desires to vomit after eating, with cold extremities and severe irritability, it belongs to Stomach deficiency with Cold. It is primarily treated with Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction).
For instance, if there is gastric reflux vomiting accompanied by thirst and a desire to drink water, this is due to excessive dampness causing obstruction, blocking the descending pathway of Stomach Earth, preventing Fire from descending and becoming trapped within. This belongs to Stomach excess with Heat. It is primarily treated with Fuling Zexie Tang (Poria and Alisma Decoction).
For instance, if there is vomiting with a weak pulse, free urination, slight body heat, and cold limbs, it belongs to Excessive Cold repelling Yang (True Cold, False Heat). It is primarily treated with Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction).
For instance, if vomiting occurs immediately after eating, it belongs to Stomach Dampness generating Heat. It is primarily treated with Dahuang Gancao Tang (Rhubarb and Licorice Decoction).
For instance, if vomiting prevents grain from going down, with Stomach Qi rebelling upward and turbid Yin failing to descend, it belongs to Stomach excess with Cold. It is primarily treated with Xiao Banxia Tang (Minor Pinellia Decoction).
For instance, if vomiting is accompanied by fever, abdominal fullness and stuffiness, and pain in the chest and hypochondrium, it belongs to Liver Qi stagnation with Heat. It is primarily treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
For instance, if vomiting is accompanied by borborygmus and hardness/stuffiness at the epigastrium, involving both Cold and Heat, representing a condition of half-deficiency and half-excess, it is primarily treated with Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction).
For cases of Yue (dry heaves/hiccoughs), Jupi Zhuru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction) is used.
For cases of Eni (hiccups), Daizhe Xuanfuhua Tang (Hematite and Inula Flower Decoction) is used.
If hiccups persist due to chronic illness, fearing that the Qi of the Spleen and Kidney is about to cease, treatment should consist purely of warming and tonifying herbs. All the above syndromes can also be treated uniformly by modifying Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Phlegm Decoction).
Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction)
(See formula under Headache)
Fuling Zexie Tang (Poria and Alisma Decoction)
Fuling (Poria) - 8 qian
Zexie (Alisma Rhizome) - 4 qian
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 2 qian
Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) - 2 qian
Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) - 3 qian
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 4 qian
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction)
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 2 qian
Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) - 3 qian
Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) - 2 qian
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Dahuang Gancao Tang (Rhubarb and Licorice Decoction)
Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome) - 4 qian
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 2 qian
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Xiao Banxia Tang (Minor Pinellia Decoction)
Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) - 4 qian
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 4 qian
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm. If Stomach Qi is extremely depleted, remove Banxia and add Renshen.
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
(See formula under Plague/Epidemic Febrile Disease)
Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Heart-Draining Decoction)
Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) - 3 qian
Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) - 1.5 qian
Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) - 1.5 qian
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 1.5 qian
Renshen (Ginseng Root) - 1.5 qian
Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) - 0.5 qian
Dazao (Jujube Fruit) - 2 pieces
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Jupi Zhuru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction)
Jupi (Citrus Reticulata Peel) - 3 qian
Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) - 2 qian
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 5 qian
Renshen (Ginseng Root) - 1 qian
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 2 qian
Dazao (Jujube Fruit) - 3 pieces
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Daizhe Xuanfuhua Tang (Hematite and Inula Flower Decoction)
Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower) - 1.5 qian
Daizhe (Hematite) - 0.5 qian
Renshen (Ginseng Root) - 1 qian
Gancao (Licorice Root) - 1 qian
Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) - 1 qian
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 2 qian
Dazao (Jujube Fruit) - 2 pieces
Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Phlegm Decoction)
(See formula under Vertigo/Dizziness) Double the amount of Banxia, add Shengjiang, decoct in water and take. For Heat patterns, add Huanglian, fresh Zhuru, and fresh Lugeng. For Cold patterns, add Wuzhuyu, Renshen, and Dazao. For Food Stagnation, add Shenqu, Shanzha, and Maiya. For Yue, add Xuanfuhua, Renshen, and Daizhe. For Eni, add Dingxiang, Shidi, Xingren, and Sharen. If hiccups occur due to chronic illness, indicating the Qi of Spleen and Kidney is about to cease, do not use this formula. Instead, use Renshen 1 liang, Ganjiang and Fuzi each 3 qian, Dingxiang, Chenxiang, and Shidi each 1 qian. If vomiting worms occurs, remove Gancao and add Chuanjiao, Renshen, Wuzhuyu, Huanglian, Huangbai, Ganjiang, and Wu Mei Rou each 1 qian.