味辛，气寒，入手太阴肺、足阳明胃经，清金而止燥渴，泄热而除烦躁。研细，绵裹，入
药煎。虚热 用。
味苦酸，性寒，入足厥阴肝、足少阳胆、手少阴心经，泄火除烦，解毒止血。
味辛，气温，入手太阴肺、手阳明大肠经。开胸痹而降逆，除后重而升陷。最消痞痛，善
止滑泄。
味辛，气温，入足太阴脾、足阳明胃经。和中调气，燥湿温寒，遗精与淋浊俱疗，吐血与
崩漏兼医。去壳炒研，消食亦良。
味辛，气香，入足太阴脾、足阳明胃经。和中调气，行郁消渴。降胃阴而下食，达脾阳
而化谷。呕吐与泄利皆良，咳嗽共痰饮俱妙。善疗噎膈，能安胎妊。调上焦之腐酸，理下气之秽浊，除咽喉
口齿之疾，化铜铁骨刺之哽。去壳，炒研。
味辛，气香，入足阳明胃、手太阴肺经。降肺胃之冲逆，善止呕吐。开胸膈之郁满，能下
饮食。噎膈可效， 疟亦良。去睛上翳障，消腹中胀疼。研细，汤冲。
味苦，气寒，入入手太阴肺经、足太阳膀胱经。清肃肺气以泄热，止渴除烦。
味苦，性寒，入足厥阴肝经。清解厥阴经的郁热，制止风木之气的疏泄太过。
味辛，气寒，入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经，清肃肺气而止燥渴，泄热而除烦躁。研成细末，用棉布包裹，入药煎煮。用于虚热证。
味苦酸，性寒，入足厥阴肝经、足少阳胆经、手少阴心经，泄火除烦，解毒止血。
味辛，气温，入手太阴肺经、手阳明大肠经。开通胸痹而降逆气，消除里急后重而升举下陷之气。最善于消除痞满疼痛，擅长止住滑脱泄泻。
味辛，气温，入足太阴脾经、足阳明胃经。调和脾胃之气，燥湿温中散寒，遗精与淋浊均可治疗，吐血与崩漏兼治。去壳炒后研末，消食效果也很好。
味辛，气香，入足太阴脾经、足阳明胃经。调和脾胃之气，行气解郁消渴。使胃阴下降而促进进食，通达脾阳而运化水谷。呕吐与泄利皆良效，咳嗽共痰饮亦妙。善于治疗噎膈，能安胎妊。调理上焦的腐酸，理顺下焦的气秽浊，消除咽喉口齿的疾病，化解铜铁骨刺造成的哽噎。去壳，炒后研末。
味辛，气香，入足阳明胃经、手太阴肺经。降肺胃之冲逆之气，善于止住呕吐。开通胸膈的郁满，能促使饮食下行。噎膈可获效，疟疾也良效。去除眼睛上的翳障，消除腹中的胀疼。研成细末，用汤剂冲服。
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel) and the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang (Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel). Clears Metal (Lung) to drain heat, relieves thirst and removes irritability.
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel). Clears stagnant heat of Jueyin (Liver), stops the excessive dispersion of Wind-Wood (Liver Qi).
Acrid in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel) and the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel). Clears Metal (Lung) to stop dryness-thirst, drains heat to remove restlessness. Ground into fine powder, wrapped in cotton, and decocted with other herbs. Used for deficiency-heat patterns.
Bitter and sour in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel), the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang (Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel), and the Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin (Hand-Shaoyin Heart Channel). Drains fire and removes irritability, detoxifies and stops bleeding.
Bitter and salty in flavor, slightly cold in nature, enters the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel). Clears wind and brightens the eyes, drains heat and relaxes sinews.
Bitter and acrid in flavor, warm in nature, enters the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel). Dries dampness and dispels cold, warms the meridians and stops bleeding.
Acrid in flavor, warm in nature, enters the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel) and the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming (Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Channel). Opens chest bi (obstruction syndrome) and directs rebellious Qi downward, eliminates tenesmus and lifts sinking Qi. Most effective in dissipating fullness and pain, excels at stopping slippery diarrhea.
Acrid in flavor, warm in nature, enters the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin (Foot-Taiyin Spleen Channel) and the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel). Harmonizes the middle and regulates Qi, dries dampness and warms the interior to dispel cold. Treats spermatorrhea and turbid stranguria; simultaneously treats hematemesis and metrorrhagia. Remove the shell, stir-fry, and grind; also good for promoting digestion.
Acrid in flavor, fragrant, enters the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin (Foot-Taiyin Spleen Channel) and the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel). Harmonizes the middle and regulates Qi, moves stagnation and resolves thirst. Descends Stomach Yin to facilitate food intake, reaches Spleen Yang to transform grains. Effective for vomiting and diarrhea; excellent for cough and phlegm-fluid retention. Excels in treating dysphagia (yige), can calm pregnancy. Regulates putrid acid in the Upper Jiao, rectifies turbid Qi in the Lower Jiao, eliminates diseases of the throat, mouth, and teeth, and dissolves impactions caused by copper, iron, or bone splinters. Remove the shell, stir-fry, and grind.
Acrid in flavor, fragrant, enters the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel) and the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel). Directs rebellious Qi of the Lung and Stomach downward, excellently stops vomiting. Opens depression and fullness in the chest and diaphragm, facilitates the descent of food and drink. Effective for dysphagia (yige); also good for malaria. Removes nebulae on the eye, dissipates abdominal distension and pain. Ground into fine powder, taken with a decoction.
Acrid in flavor, slightly warm, enters the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel) and the Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin (Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Channel). Directs Qi downward and stops vomiting, warms the Stomach to aid digestion, warms the waist and knees, dissipates hernia.