味甘微苦，微寒，入手太阴肺经。清肺生津，止渴润燥，舒痉病之挛急，解渴家之淋癃。
味甘微苦，微辛，微酸，微咸，气香，入足太阴脾、足阳明胃经。补太阴己土之精
，化阳明戊土之气，生津润肺而除
燥，养血滋肝而息风。疗脾胃衰损，调经脉虚芤。
味甘性平，入足太阴脾、足阳明胃、足少阴肾、手阳明大肠经。养中补土，保精敛神，
善止遗泄，能住滑溏。
味甘气香，入足太阴脾、足阳明胃经。燥土清金，利水泄湿，补己土之精，化戊土之气
，润辛金之燥渴，通壬水之淋沥。最泄经络风湿，善开胸膈痹痛。
味甘气平，性滑，入足阳明胃、手阳明大肠、足厥阴肝经。润肠胃之约涩，通经脉之结
代。去壳，炒研用。
味甘辛，气平，入足太阴脾、手阳明大肠、手少阴心、足厥阴肝经。润燥除湿，敛气
宁神。
味甘，微咸，入足阳明胃、足太阴脾、手阳明大肠经。滑秘涩而开结，泽枯槁而润燥。大
便滑溏者勿服，入水四分之一，炼熟用。
味道甘甜，归入手太阴肺经，能清肃肺金（肺脏）以滋润燥邪，滋养肝木（肝脏）以平息内风。
味道甘甜微苦，性微寒，归入手太阴肺经。能清润肺脏、滋生津液，止渴润燥，缓解痉病（以项背强直、角弓反张为特征的病证）引起的筋脉挛急，解除口渴患者的小便淋沥不通。
味道甘甜微苦，兼有微辛、微酸、微咸之味，气味芳香，归入足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经。能补益太阴脾土的精气，化生阳明胃土的气机，滋生津液、润肺除燥，养血滋肝以息风。治疗脾胃衰败损伤，调理经脉虚损导致的芤脉（浮大中空，如按葱管）。
味道甘甜，性平，归入足太阴脾经、足少阴肾经、手阳明大肠经及足阳明胃经。能养护中焦、补益脾土，固摄精气、收敛神气，善于制止遗精滑泄，能够阻止大便滑稀溏薄。
味道甘甜，气味芳香，归入足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经。能燥湿健脾、清肃肺金，利水渗湿，补益己土（脾）的精气，化生戊土（胃）的气机，滋润辛金（肺）的燥渴，通利壬水（膀胱/肾）的小便淋沥。最能祛除经络中的风湿之邪，善于开通胸膈部位的痹阻疼痛。
味道甘甜，归入足太阴脾经和手阳明大肠经。能培补中气、养胃，制止腹泻、止住呕吐。
味道甘甜，气平，性质滑利，归入足阳明胃经、手阳明大肠经和足厥阴肝经。能滋润肠胃的干涩拘急，通调经脉的结代脉（脉来缓慢而有规则的间歇）。使用时需去壳，炒制后研磨使用。
味道甘甜辛，气平，归入足太阴脾经、手阳明大肠经、手少阴心经和足厥阴肝经。能润燥除湿，收敛气机、宁心安神。
味道甘甜，微咸，归入足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经和手阳明大肠经。能滑利秘结、开通郁结，润泽枯槁、滋润燥热。大便滑稀溏薄者禁止服用；使用时取四分之一比例的水，炼熟后使用。
味道苦辛，性微温，归入足阳明胃经。能降逆冲之气以止咳，破除壅塞阻滞以定喘，善于止痛，最能消除胀满。使用时需去皮，用姜汁炒制。
味道苦酸辛，性寒，归入足阳明胃经。能泻除痞满、祛除湿邪，消除陈积宿食而恢复清净。使用时用面炒，注意不要炒焦，然后研磨使用。
Sweet in flavor, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It clears Lung Metal (the Zang organ of the Lung) to moisten dryness and nourishes Liver Wood (the Zang organ of the Liver) to calm internal wind.
Sweet with a slight bitter taste, slightly cold in nature, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It clears the Lungs, generates body fluids, relieves thirst, and moistens dryness. It relaxes the spasms associated with Jing disease (a syndrome characterized by stiffness of the neck and back, and opisthotonos), and resolves strangury (difficult, painful urination) in patients suffering from excessive thirst.
Sweet with slight bitter, pungent, sour, and salty tastes, aromatic in odor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It tonifies the essence of Taiyin Ji Earth (Spleen) and transforms the Qi of Yangming Wu Earth (Stomach). It generates fluids, moistens the Lungs, and dispels dryness; it nourishes blood, nourishes the Liver, and extinguishes wind. It treats spleen and stomach decline and damage, and regulates deficiency and hollow pulse (Kou Mai - floating, large, and empty in the middle, felt like pressing on a green onion stalk) in the meridians.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It nurtures the Middle Jiao, tonifies Earth (Spleen), preserves essence, and gathers the spirit. It is excellent at stopping seminal emission and leakage, and can halt loose, watery stools.
Sweet in flavor, aromatic in odor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It dries dampness and clears Metal (Lung), promotes urination to drain dampness, tonifies the essence of Ji Earth (Spleen), and transforms the Qi of Wu Earth (Stomach). It moistens the dryness and thirst of Xin Metal (Lung) and unblocks the dribbling urine of Ren Water (Bladder/Kidney). It most effectively drains wind-dampness from the collaterals and meridians and is excellent at opening bi-obstruction pain in the chest and diaphragm.
Sweet in flavor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. It cultivates the Middle and nourishes the Stomach, stops diarrhea, and arrests vomiting.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in Qi, slippery in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It moistens the constipation and涩 (roughness/stagnation) of the intestines and stomach, and unblocks the knotted and intermittent pulse (Jie Dai Mai - irregularly intermittent pulse) of the meridians. Use after removing the shell, stir-frying, and grinding.
Sweet and pungent in flavor, neutral in Qi, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It moistens dryness and drains dampness, consolidates Qi, and calms the Spirit.
Sweet in flavor, slightly salty, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. It lubricates constipation and opens knots, moistens withered and dried-out tissues, and hydrates dryness. Those with loose, watery stools should not take this. Use one-quarter water, refined/cooked before use.
Bitter and pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It directs rebellious Qi downward to stop coughing, breaks through obstruction to stabilize wheezing, is excellent at stopping pain, and most effectively eliminates distension and fullness. Use after removing the peel, stir-fried with ginger juice.
Bitter, sour, and pungent in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It drains epigastric fullness and removes dampness, eliminates old retained food, and restores clarity. Stir-fry with flour, do not let it burn, then grind for use.