舌本赤色，若津津如常，邪尚在表。若见白苔而滑，邪在半表半里，见黄苔而干燥，热已入于里。见黑
苔有二∶如黑而焦裂硬刺者，为火极似炭之热；苔如黑而有水，软润而滑者，为水来克火之寒苔。又蓝色
为白色之变，主寒。紫色为红色之变，主热。此伤寒证辨法也。凡舌肿胀，舌焦干，舌生芒刺，舌苔黄燥，
皆主热。舌白润，舌黑滑，皆主寒。舌硬，舌强，舌卷，舌短缩，皆主危候。又舌出数寸者死，沿边缺陷如
锯齿者不治。
鼻头色青，主腹中痛。鼻头色微黑，主有水气。鼻头色黄，主胸上有寒。鼻头色白，主亡血。如色见微
赤，而非其应见之时者，则死。
黑色出如拇指，见于天庭；赤色出如拇指，见于两颧；此皆水火相射之候，病虽小愈，亦必卒死。如唇
面青黑，及五官忽
起黑色，白色如擦残汗粉之状，虽不病亦必卒死也。
角属木，通乎肝。 属火，通乎心。宫属土，通乎脾。商属金，通乎肺。羽属水，通乎肾。
凡物中空有窍皆能鸣，故肺象之以出声也。喉为声之出路，会厌为声之门户，舌为声之机关，牙齿唇口
为声之扇助。但喉有宽隘，宽者声大，隘者声小。舌有锐钝，锐者声辨，钝者不真。会厌有浓薄，浓者声
浊，薄者声清。唇亦有浓薄，浓者声迟，薄者声急。牙齿有疏密，疏者声散，密者声聚。此皆无病之声也。
舌根部呈现赤色，如果津液滋润如常，说明邪气仍在体表。如果见到白苔且滑润，说明邪气在半表半里之间；见到黄苔且干燥，说明热邪已经入里。见到黑苔有两种情况：如果黑而焦裂、坚硬且有刺状突起，这是火极似炭的热证；如果苔色黑而有水气，柔软湿润滑利，这是水来克火的寒苔。另外，蓝色是白色变化而来，主寒证。紫色是红色变化而来，主热证。这是伤寒病的辨证方法。凡是舌头肿胀，舌面焦干，舌生芒刺，舌苔黄燥，都主热证。舌苔白润，舌苔黑滑，都主寒证。舌体僵硬，舌体强硬，舌体卷缩，舌体短缩，都主危重证候。另外，舌头伸出数寸者死，舌边缺损如锯齿状者不治。
嘴唇颜色黄主脾病，嘴唇颜色青黑主病情危重，如口周发黑，属于死证。
鼻头颜色青，主腹中疼痛。鼻头颜色微黑，主有水气。鼻头颜色黄，主胸上有寒。鼻头颜色白，主失血。如果颜色呈现微红，但不是其应当出现的时候，则主死。
耳朵发黑主肾病，耳朵焦干枯槁属于死证。
黑色如拇指大小，出现在天庭部位；红色如拇指大小，出现在两颧部位；这都是水火相冲的征象，即使病稍愈，也必然突然死亡。如果唇面部青黑，以及五官忽然起黑色，白色如擦残汗粉之状，即使没有生病也必然突然死亡。
角音属木，通应于肝。徵音属火，通于心。宫音属土，通于脾。商音属金，通于肺。羽音属水，通于肾。
大凡物体中空有窍都能发声，所以肺象之以发出声音。喉是声音的出路，会厌是声音的门户，舌是声音的机关，牙齿唇口是声音的辅助扇叶。但是喉部有宽窄之分，宽的声大，窄的声小。舌有锐钝之别，锐利的声音辨别清晰，迟钝的声音不真切。会厌有厚薄之分，厚的声音浑浊，薄的声音清脆。嘴唇也有厚薄，厚的声音迟缓，薄的声音急促。牙齿有疏密之别，稀疏的声音散漫，紧密的声音聚集。这些都是无病时的正常声音。
The root of the tongue appears red; if it is moist with fluids as usual, the pathogenic factor remains in the exterior. If a white coating that is slippery is seen, the pathogenic factor is in the half-exterior half-interior stage; if a yellow coating that is dry is seen, the heat has entered the interior. There are two types of black coating: if it is black, scorched, cracked, hard, and prickly, it indicates extreme fire resembling charcoal (heat syndrome); if the coating is black but moist, soft, and slippery, it indicates cold where water overcomes fire. Additionally, blue is a transformation of white and indicates cold. Purple is a transformation of red and indicates heat. This is the method for differentiating Shaoyang disease (Cold Damage). Generally, a swollen tongue, a scorched and dry tongue, a tongue with prickles, and a yellow and dry coating all indicate heat. A white and moist tongue, and a black and slippery coating, both indicate cold. A stiff tongue, a rigid tongue, a curled tongue, and a shortened tongue all indicate critical conditions. Furthermore, a tongue protruding several inches indicates death, and a tongue with serrated edges indicates incurability.
A yellow lip color indicates Spleen disease; a cyan-black lip color indicates critical illness. For example, darkness around the mouth is a sign of death.
A bluish nose tip indicates abdominal pain. A slightly dark nose tip indicates fluid retention. A yellow nose tip indicates cold in the chest. A white nose tip indicates blood loss. If a slight redness appears at an inappropriate time, it indicates death.
Black ears indicate Kidney disease; dry and withered ears indicate death.
Darkness the size of a thumb appearing on the Tianting (forehead) area; redness the size of a thumb appearing on both cheekbones; these are signs of conflict between Water and Fire. Even if the illness seems to improve slightly, sudden death will inevitably follow. If the lips and face are cyan-black, or if the five sense organs suddenly show blackness, or whiteness resembling smudged sweat powder, sudden death will occur even if the person appears not to be ill.
Jue (angular tone) belongs to Wood and corresponds to the Liver. Zhi (melodic tone) belongs to Fire and corresponds to the Heart. Gong (tonal center) belongs to Earth and corresponds to the Spleen. Shang (metallic tone) belongs to Metal and corresponds to the Lungs. Yu (pennant tone) belongs to Water and corresponds to the Kidneys.
Generally, any hollow object with apertures can produce sound; thus, the Lungs correspond to the production of voice. The larynx is the exit for sound, the epiglottis is the gate of sound, the tongue is the mechanism of sound, and the teeth, lips, and mouth are the auxiliary fans of sound. However, the larynx varies in width; wide ones produce loud sounds, narrow ones produce quiet sounds. The tongue varies in sharpness; sharp tongues produce clear articulation, dull tongues produce indistinct sounds. The epiglottis varies in thickness; thick ones produce turbid sounds, thin ones produce clear sounds. The lips vary in thickness; thick lips produce slow speech, thin lips produce rapid speech. The teeth vary in density; sparse teeth produce scattered sounds, dense teeth produce focused sounds. These are all normal sounds in the absence of disease.