射干汤 治初秋豪雨冷，及天行暴寒，其热喜伏于内，咳嗽曲折不可得气息，喉哑失声，干嗽无唾，喉中如梗。
射干（一两） 半夏（二两半） 杏仁（两半，去皮尖，炒） 生姜（炮，二两） 甘草 紫菀（各一两）
橘皮 肉桂 枳实（炙。各二两） 当归 独活 麻黄（以上各一两）
上 咀，每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣温服。
〔海〕阳症发斑有四∶有温毒发斑，有热病发斑，有时气发斑，有伤寒发斑。（以上四斑《活人》有治法见后。）
斑斑如锦纹，或发之四末，或发之面部，或发之胸背，色红赤者，胃热也，紫黑者，胃烂也，一则下早，
一则下晚，乃外感热病而发也，宜用玄参升麻汤、白虎等药。（王朝奉云∶赤斑出，五死一生，黑斑出，十死一生，
皆用白虎人参汤、阿胶大青龙汤，兼与紫雪散，大妙。可下者，调胃承气汤。）
〔《活》〕温毒发斑者，初春病患肌肉发斑，瘾疹如锦纹，或咳，心闷，但呕者是也。冬时触冒寒毒，至
春始发，初病在表，或已汗吐下，而表证未罢，毒瓦斯未散，以此发斑，宜用黑膏主之。又有冬月温暖，人感乖
戾之气，冬未即病，至春或被积寒所折，毒瓦斯不得泄，至天气暄暖，温毒始发，则肌肉斑疹如锦纹，而咳，心
闷，但呕有清汁，宜用葛根橘皮汤主之。
黑膏方 疗温毒发斑。
生地（半斤，切碎） 好豉（一升）
上二味，猪肤二斤，合一处煎，令三分减一，绞去渣，用雄黄、麝香如豆大为末，同药再煎服之。其毒便
从皮中出者则愈。忌芜荑。
葛根橘皮汤 疗冬温未即病，至春被积寒所折，不得发，至夏得热，其寒解，冬温始发，肌中斑烂瘾疹如锦纹，
而咳，心闷，但呕吐有清汁，宜服此汤即止。
葛根 橘皮 杏仁（去皮，麸炒） 知母 黄芩 麻黄（去节，汤泡） 甘草（炙。各半两）
上 咀，每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去渣温服。
热病发 ，与时气发 并同。夫病患或未发汗，或已经发汗，而热毒不散，表虚里实，热毒乘虚出于皮肤，
所以发 疮瘾疹如锦绞，俗名谓之麸疮，《素问》谓之疹。大抵发 ，不可用表药，盖表虚里实，若发其汗，
重令开泄，更增 烂也，宜用玄参升麻汤、大青四物汤、猪胆鸡子汤选用之。
玄参升麻汤 治伤寒发汗吐下后，毒瓦斯不能散，表虚里实，发热于外，故身发 如锦纹，甚则烦躁谵语。兼治
喉闭肿痛。
玄参 升麻 甘草（炙。各半两）
上 咀，每服五钱、水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣热服。
大青四物汤 治伤寒热病十日以上，发汗及吐利后，热不除，身上斑出。
大青（一两） 阿胶 甘草（各一钱半） 豆豉（二合）
上 咀，每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至一盏，旋入胶再煎，令溶服。
猪胆鸡子汤 治五六日斑出。
猪胆（三合） 鸡子（一枚） 苦酒（三合）
上三味，合煎三沸，强人尽服，瘦人煎六七沸服之。
阳毒升麻汤治 出面。（方见阳毒。）
〔海〕消毒饮子 治 。
黍粘子（六钱） 荆芥 防风（各二钱） 甘草（一钱）
上 咀，水煎服。
阴症发 ，出胸背又出手足，亦稀少而微红者，若作热症，投之凉药，大误矣。此无根失守之火聚于胸中，
上独熏肺，传于皮肤而为斑点，但如蚊蚋蚤虱咬形状，而非锦纹也，宜调中温胃，加茴香、芍药，以大建中、
阴毒升麻鳖甲汤之类，其斑自退，可谓治本而不治标也。（海藏云∶阳明发斑亦有红点如斑出于皮毛之间者，宜
白虎、泻心等药，当审之。）
大建中汤（方见治恶寒门。）阴毒升麻鳖甲汤治阴斑。（方见阴毒。）
侯国华病伤寒四五日，身微斑，渴欲饮，诊之沉弦欲绝，厥阴脉也。服温药数日不已，又以姜、附等药，
觉阳微回脉生，因渴私饮水一杯，脉复退，又见头不举，目不开，问之则犯阳易。若只与烧 散，则寒
而不济矣。遂更用吴茱萸汤一大服，调烧 散连进二服，出大汗两昼夜而愈。
〔丹〕发 似伤寒者，痰热之病发于外，汗以散之，下之非理。
射干汤：治疗初秋豪雨寒冷，以及时行暴寒之邪，导致热邪潜伏于体内，咳嗽气逆无法顺畅呼吸，咽喉嘶哑失声，干咳无痰，喉中如有异物梗阻。
处方组成：射干（一两）、半夏（二两半）、杏仁（一两半，去皮尖，炒制）、生姜（炮制，二两）、甘草、紫菀（各一两）、橘皮、肉桂、枳实（炙制，各二两）、当归、独活、麻黄（以上各一两）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎（咀），每次服用五钱，加水一盏半，煎煮至八分满，去药渣后温服。
〔海藏〕阳证发斑有四种类型：有温毒发斑，有热病发斑，有时气发斑，有伤寒发斑。（以上四种斑疹的治疗方法，《活人书》中有记载，见后文。）
斑疹形状如锦纹，或发于四肢末端，或发于面部，或发于胸背部。颜色红赤的，是胃热所致；颜色紫黑的，是胃烂（胃腑腐烂）所致。这分别是因为攻下过早或过晚，属于外感热病而引发的，适宜使用玄参升麻汤、白虎汤等药物。（王朝奉说：赤色斑出，十死一生；黑色斑出，十死一生。都宜用白虎人参汤、阿胶大青龙汤，并配合紫雪散，效果极佳。可以攻下的，用调胃承气汤。）
〔《活人书》〕温毒发斑，是指初春时节患者肌肉出现斑疹，瘾疹如锦纹，伴有咳嗽、心中闷乱，只是呕吐的症状。这是因为冬季感受寒毒，到了春季才发作。初起病在表，或者已经经过汗、吐、下法治疗，但表证未解，毒瓦斯未散，因此引发发斑，适宜用黑膏主治。又有冬季气候温暖，人感受乖戾之气，冬季并未立即发病，到了春季又被积寒所遏制，毒瓦斯不得宣泄，等到天气变暖，温毒才开始发作，则肌肉斑疹如锦纹，伴有咳嗽、心中闷乱，只是呕吐清汁，适宜用葛根橘皮汤主治。
黑膏方：治疗温毒发斑。
处方组成：生地（半斤，切碎）、好豉（一升）。
制法与用法：以上两味药，加入猪肤二斤，合在一起煎煮，使水量减少三分之一，绞去药渣，加入雄黄、麝香（如豆大小）研成的细末，同药再煎煮后服用。其毒气便从皮肤中排出则痊愈。忌食芜荑。
葛根橘皮汤：治疗冬温病未在冬季立即发作，到了春季被积寒所遏制不能发散，到了夏季得热，寒气解除，冬温病才发作，肌肤中出现斑烂瘾疹如锦纹，伴有咳嗽、心中闷乱，只是呕吐清汁，适宜服用此汤即可停止。
处方组成：葛根、橘皮、杏仁（去皮，麸炒）、知母、黄芩、麻黄（去节，汤泡）、甘草（炙制，各半两）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，每次服用五钱，加水一盏半，煎煮至一盏满，去药渣后温服。
热病发斑与时气发斑的方法相同。凡是患者或者尚未发汗，或者已经发汗，但热毒未散，表虚里实，热毒乘虚出于皮肤，所以发出疮疡瘾疹如锦绞，俗名称为麸疮，《素问》称之为疹。大体上发斑，不可使用发表药，因为表虚里实，如果发其汗，再次令毛孔开泄，更会增加腐烂，适宜选用玄参升麻汤、大青四物汤、猪胆鸡子汤。
玄参升麻汤：治疗伤寒发汗、吐、下之后，毒瓦斯不能消散，表虚里实，发热于外，所以身体发出斑疹如锦纹，严重时烦躁谵语。兼治喉闭肿痛。
处方组成：玄参、升麻、甘草（炙制，各半两）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，每次服用五钱，加水一盏半，煎煮至八分满，去药渣后热服。
大青四物汤：治疗伤寒热病十日以上，发汗及吐利之后，热势不退，身上发出斑疹。
处方组成：大青（一两）、阿胶、甘草（各一钱半）、豆豉（二合）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，每次服用五钱，加水一盏半，煎煮至一盏满，随即加入阿胶再煎，使其溶化后服用。
猪胆鸡子汤：治疗五六日斑出。
处方组成：猪胆（三合）、鸡子（一枚）、苦酒（三合）。
制法与用法：以上三味药，合在一起煎煮三沸，体质强壮的人一次服完，瘦弱的人煎煮六七沸后服用。
阳毒升麻汤：治疗阳毒出面。（方剂见阳毒条下。）
〔海藏〕消毒饮子：治疗斑疹。
处方组成：黍粘子（六钱）、荆芥、防风（各二钱）、甘草（一钱）。
制法与用法：将药材切碎，水煎服。
阴证发斑，斑出在胸背又出手足，也是稀少且微红的，如果当作热证，投以凉药，是大错特错了。这是无根失守之火聚于胸中，向上独熏肺脏，传于皮肤而形成斑点，形状像蚊蚋蚤虱咬的痕迹，而不是锦纹，适宜调理中焦温补胃气，加茴香、芍药，使用大建中汤、阴毒升麻鳖甲汤之类，其斑自退，这可以说是治本而不治标。（海藏说：阳明发斑也有红点如斑出于皮毛之间的，适宜用白虎汤、泻心汤等药，应当仔细审察。）
大建中汤（方剂见治恶寒门）。阴毒升麻鳖甲汤：治疗阴斑。（方剂见阴毒条下。）
侯国华患伤寒四五日，身体微现斑疹，口渴想喝水，诊脉沉弦欲绝，是厥阴脉象。服用温药数日不见好转，又用姜、附等药，感觉阳气微弱回复，脉搏生成，因口渴私自喝了一杯水，脉搏又衰退，又见头抬不起来，眼睛睁不开，询问得知是犯了房事禁忌（犯阳易）。如果只用烧裈散，则寒凉而不能济助阳气。于是改用吴茱萸汤一大服，调服烧裈散连续进二服，出大汗两昼夜而痊愈。
Shegan Decoction (Throatwort Decoction): Treats the coldness of heavy rain in early autumn, and sudden cold from epidemic pathogens, causing heat to hide within the interior. Symptoms include coughing with difficulty in breathing, hoarseness or loss of voice, dry cough without phlegm, and a sensation of obstruction in the throat as if blocked by an object.
Ingredients: Shegan (Radix Belamcandae, 1 liang), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum, 2.5 liang), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, 1.5 liang, skin and tips removed, stir-fried), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, prepared, 2 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, 1 liang), Ziwan (Herba Asteris Tatarici, 1 liang), Jupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, 2 liang), Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi, 2 liang), Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, roasted, 2 liang), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 1 liang), Duhuo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, 1 liang), Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae, 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs into small pieces. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until reduced to 0.8 sheng, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Hai Zang] Yang-pattern eruption (Ban) has four types: Wen Du eruption (Warm Toxin Eruption), Re Bing eruption (Heat Disease Eruption), Shi Qi eruption (Seasonal Qi Eruption), and Shang Han eruption (Cold Damage Eruption). (The treatment methods for these four eruptions are recorded in *Liu Ren Shu*, see below.)
Eruptions resembling brocade patterns may appear on the extremities, face, chest, or back. Red and bright eruptions indicate Stomach Heat; purple-black eruptions indicate Stomach Rot (gangrene of the stomach). These result from purging too early or too late, arising from external contracted heat diseases. Suitable formulas include Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction) and Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). (Wang Chaofeng stated: Red eruptions imply five deaths for one survival; black eruptions imply ten deaths for one survival. Both should be treated with Baihu Renshen Tang (White Tiger and Ginseng Decoction), Ejiao Da Qinglong Tang (Donkey-Hide Gelatin and Large Ephedra Decoction), combined with Zixue San (Purple Snow Powder), which is highly effective. If purgation is indicated, use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction).)
[*Liu Ren Shu*] Wen Du eruption refers to patients in early spring developing eruptions on the muscles, urticaria-like brocade patterns, accompanied by cough, chest oppression, and vomiting only clear fluid. This occurs because cold toxin was contracted in winter but manifested in spring. Initially, the pathogen is in the exterior. Even after sweating, vomiting, or purging, if the exterior syndrome persists and the toxin remains unresolved, eruptions occur. The primary treatment is Hei Gao (Black Plaster). Additionally, if the winter was unusually warm and people contracted aberrant qi, illness did not manifest immediately in winter. In spring, accumulated cold suppressed the pathogen, preventing its release. When weather warmed, Wen Du erupted, causing muscle eruptions like brocade patterns, cough, chest oppression, and vomiting of clear juice. The primary treatment is Gegen Jupi Tang (Kudzu and Tangerine Peel Decoction).
Hei Gao Formula (Black Plaster): Treats Wen Du eruption.
Ingredients: Shengdi (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, half jin, chopped), Hao Chi (Fermented Soybean, one sheng).
Preparation and Administration: Combine the above two ingredients with 2 jin of pig skin (Zhu Fu). Decoct until the liquid reduces by one-third. Strain out the dregs. Add realgar (Xionghuang) and musk (Shexiang) ground into fine powder (size of beans). Decoct again and administer. Recovery occurs when toxins exit through the skin. Avoid eating Elaeagnus fruit (Wuyi).
Gegen Jupi Tang (Kudzu and Tangerine Peel Decoction): Treats Winter Warmth disease that did not manifest in winter, was suppressed by accumulated cold in spring, and finally erupted in summer when heat resolved the cold. Symptoms include rotting eruptions and urticaria like brocade patterns on the skin, cough, chest oppression, and vomiting of clear juice. Taking this decoction will stop the symptoms.
Ingredients: Gegen (Radix Puerariae Lobatae), Jupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, skin removed, bran-stir-fried), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae, joints removed, soaked in boiling water), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, roasted, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut herbs. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct to 1 sheng, strain, and take warm.
Re Bing eruption (Heat Disease Eruption) and Shi Qi eruption (Seasonal Qi Eruption) share the same principles. Whether the patient has not yet sweated or has already sweated, if heat toxin remains unresolved, leading to exterior deficiency and interior excess, heat toxin exploits the deficiency to emerge through the skin. This causes sores, urticaria, and eruptions resembling brocade, commonly known as "bran sores," referred to as Zhen (Rash) in *Su Wen*. Generally, for eruptions, exterior-releasing drugs should not be used. Because the exterior is deficient and interior is excess, inducing sweat further opens the pores and increases rotting. Suitable choices include Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction), Daqing Siwu Tang (Isatis Four Substances Decoction), and Zhudan Jizi Tang (Pig Gallbladder and Chicken Egg Decoction).
Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction): Treats cases where, after sweating, vomiting, or purging for Cold Damage, the toxin cannot dissipate. Exterior deficiency and interior excess cause fever externally, resulting in body eruptions like brocade patterns. Severe cases involve irritability and delirious speech. It also treats throat closure with swelling and pain.
Ingredients: Xuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, roasted, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut herbs. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take hot.
Daqing Siwu Tang (Isatis Four Substances Decoction): Treats Cold Damage Heat Disease lasting more than ten days, where heat persists after sweating, vomiting, and purging, causing eruptions on the body.
Ingredients: Daqing (Folium Isatidis, 1 liang), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini, 1.5 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, 1.5 qian), Douchi (Fermented Soybean, 2 he).
Preparation and Administration: Cut herbs. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct to 1 sheng. Then add Ejiao and decoct again until dissolved, then administer.
Zhudan Jizi Tang (Pig Gallbladder and Chicken Egg Decoction): Treats eruptions appearing on the fifth or sixth day.
Ingredients: Zhu Dan (Bile Suilla, 3 he), Ji Zi (Ovum Gallus Domesticum, 1 piece), Ku Jiu (Vinegar, 3 he).
Preparation and Administration: Combine the three ingredients and boil for three boils. Strong individuals take it all at once; weak individuals boil for six or seven boils before taking.
Yangdu Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction for Yang Toxin): Treats Yang Toxin manifesting on the face. (Formula see entry for Yang Du.)
[Hai Zang] Xiaodu Yinzi (Disinfecting Drink): Treats eruptions.
Ingredients: Shuniuzi (Fructus Arctii, 6 qian), Jingjie (Herba Schizonepetae), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, each 2 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut herbs, decoct in water, and take.
Yin-pattern eruption appears on the chest, back, hands, and feet. It is sparse, faintly red, and should not be mistaken for a heat pattern. Administering cooling drugs would be a major error. This is fire lacking root and losing its post-heaven foundation, gathering in the chest, steaming upward to the Lungs, and transmitting to the skin to form spots resembling mosquito or flea bites, rather than brocade patterns. Treatment should regulate the middle and warm the Stomach, adding Huixiang (Foeniculum Fructus) and Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba), using formulas such as Dajianzhong Tang (Greatly Build the Middle Decoction) or Yindu Shengma Biejia Tang (Yin Toxin Cimicifuga and Turtle Shell Decoction). The eruptions will recede naturally. This addresses the root rather than the branch. (Hai Zang noted: Yangming eruptions can also present as red spots between hair follicles, suitable for Baihu Tang or Xiexin Tang, requiring careful differentiation.)
Dajianzhong Tang (Greatly Build the Middle Decoction) (See entry for Chills). Yindu Shengma Biejia Tang (Yin Toxin Cimicifuga and Turtle Shell Decoction): Treats Yin eruptions. (Formula see entry for Yin Du.)
Hou Guohua suffered from Cold Damage for four or five days, presenting with slight eruptions, thirst, and desire to drink. Pulse was deep, wiry, and nearly absent, indicating Jueyin pulse. After several days of warming medicines without improvement, Ginger and Aconite were added. Yang energy slightly recovered, and pulse returned. However, due to thirst, he privately drank a cup of water, causing the pulse to retreat again. He presented with inability to lift his head or open his eyes. Inquiry revealed he had committed sexual intercourse (Fan Yang Yi). Using only Shao Kun San (Burnt Underwear Powder) would be too cold and fail to support Yang. Therefore, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) was administered in a large dose, followed by two doses of Shao Kun San mixed in. Profuse sweating occurred over two days and nights, leading to recovery.
[Danjxi] Eruptions resembling Cold Damage are caused by Phlegm-Heat manifesting externally. They should be dispersed via sweating; purging is inappropriate.