胁满干呕，往来寒热者，属少阳。（方论见往来寒热。）
伤寒四五日，身热恶风，颈项强，胁下满，手足温而渴者，小柴胡去半夏加人参、栝蒌根主之。得病
六七日，脉沉浮弱，恶风寒，手足温，医二三下之，不能食而胁下满痛，面目及身黄，颈项强，小便难者，
与柴胡汤必下重。
〔《本》〕渴而饮水欲呕者，柴胡不可与也，食谷者哕。（王注云∶不欲饮水而呕者，属柴胡症，若因水
而呕者，水停心下也。）胁满胃家实，或呕而舌上白胎者，或脉弦浮大，身黄，小便难，有热者，俱属阳
明症，宜小柴胡汤。（方论见胃实。）胁满潮热，大便溏利者，小柴胡汤。（方论见潮热。）若因下微利
而呕者，先以柴胡汤解外，后以柴胡加芒硝汤主之。（方论见潮热。）太阳病，十日已去，脉浮细而嗜卧
者，外已解也。若胸满胁痛者，与小柴胡汤。脉浮者，与麻黄汤。太阳中风，下利呕逆，表解者，乃
可攻之。其人 汗出，发作有时，头痛，心下痞满硬，引胁下痛，干呕短气，汗出不恶寒者，此表解
里未和也。宜十枣汤。
芫花（炒黑） 甘遂 大戟（各等分）
上为细末，合和之，再入臼中杵二三百下，先以水一升，煮肥枣十枚，取五六合，去渣，纳药末，强人一
钱，虚人半钱，单饮枣汤送下，平旦服。若下少病不除者，明日更服加五分，利后米粥自养。若合下不下，
令人胀满遍身浮肿也。昔杜壬问孙兆曰∶十枣汤毕竟治甚病？孙曰∶治太阳中风，表解里未和。杜曰∶何以
知里未和？孙曰∶头痛，心下痞满，胁下痛，干呕，汗出，此知里未和也。杜曰∶公但言病症，而所以里未
和之故，要紧总未言也。孙曰∶某尝于此未决，愿听开谕。杜曰∶里未和者，盖痰与燥气壅于中焦，故头
疼干呕，短气汗出，是痰膈也，非十枣不治。但此汤不得轻用，恐损人于倏忽，用药者慎之。
妇人发热恶寒，经水适来，热除脉迟，身凉，胁满如结胸状，谵语者，刺期门。（论见谵语。）
吐下汗后，脉微，心下痞，胁痛，气上冲咽，眩冒，脉动惕者，成痿。（论见痞。）下后脉弦者，必
两胁拘急。（论见伤寒大法。）
胁部胀满、干呕，伴有寒热往来症状的，属于少阳病。（方剂论述见“寒热往来”条目。）
伤寒病经过四五日，身体发热、怕风，颈项僵硬，胁下胀满，手足温暖且口渴的，主治用小柴胡汤去掉半夏，加入人参和栝蒌根。患病六七日，脉象沉、浮、弱，怕冷怕风，手足温暖，医生连续两次或三次使用泻下法后，导致不能进食且胁下胀满疼痛，面目及全身发黄，颈项僵硬，小便困难的，若给予柴胡汤必然会导致排便时肛门坠重感。
〔《本草》注〕口渴想喝水但饮水后欲呕吐的，不可使用柴胡汤，进食谷物则会发生呃逆。（王冰注解说：不想喝水却呕吐的，属于柴胡证；若是因水饮停聚而呕吐的，是水饮停滞在心下所致。）胁部胀满伴胃家实（胃肠燥热结实），或者呕吐且舌苔白腻的，或者脉象弦、浮、大，身黄，小便困难，有发热的，都属于阳明病，适宜用小柴胡汤。（方剂论述见“胃家实”条目。）胁部胀满伴潮热，大便溏稀的，用小柴胡汤。（方剂论述见“潮热”条目。）如果是因误用泻下法导致轻微腹泻且呕吐的，先用柴胡汤解除表邪，随后用小柴胡加芒硝汤主治。（方剂论述见“潮热”条目。）太阳病，十天以上，脉象浮细且喜欢躺卧的，说明表邪已解。如果胸中胀满、胁肋疼痛的，给予小柴胡汤。脉象浮的，给予麻黄汤。太阳中风证，伴有腹泻、呕吐逆气，表证已解的，才可以攻逐里实。其人汗出，发作有定时，头痛，心下部痞塞胀满且坚硬，牵引胁下疼痛，干呕，呼吸短促，汗出但不恶寒的，这是表证已解而里气未和。适宜用十枣汤。
将上述药物研成细末，混合均匀，再放入臼中捣杵二三百下。先用水一升，煮肥大红枣十枚，取药汁五六合，去渣，纳入药末。体质强壮者服一钱，体质虚弱者服半钱，单独饮用枣汤送服药粉，于清晨空腹服用。如果泻下量少且病邪未除的，第二天继续服用并增加五分剂量，泻下后用米粥调养身体。如果应当泻下而未泻下的，会导致全身胀满浮肿。从前杜壬问孙兆说：十枣汤究竟治疗什么病？孙兆说：治疗太阳中风，表证已解而里气未和。杜壬说：怎么知道是里气未和？孙兆说：头痛，心下部痞塞胀满，胁下疼痛，干呕，汗出，由此判断是里气未和。杜壬说：您只说了病症，但导致里气未和的根本原因，最关键的地方还没说。孙兆说：我对此也曾犹豫不决，愿听您的教诲。杜壬说：所谓里气未和，是因为痰浊与燥气壅滞在中焦，所以出现头痛、干呕、短气、汗出，这是痰膈证，非十枣汤不能治愈。但这种汤剂不可轻易使用，恐怕会瞬间损伤人体，用药者务必谨慎。
妇女发热恶寒，月经适来，热退脉迟，身体凉爽，胁部胀满如同结胸状，神志不清说胡话的，针刺期门穴。（论述见“谵语”条目。）
吐法、下法、发汗法之后，脉象微弱，心下部痞塞，胁肋疼痛，气上冲咽喉，头晕目眩，脉搏跳动不安且肌肉瞤动的，会形成痿证。（论述见“痞证”条目。）泻下后脉象弦的，必然两胁拘急不舒。（论述见“伤寒大法”条目。）
Distension and fullness in the hypochondrium, dry retching, and alternating chills and fever indicate Shaoyang disease. (For the formula discussion, see "Alternating Chills and Fever".)
In cold damage disease, after four or five days, if there is body heat, aversion to wind, stiffness of the neck and nape, fullness below the costal margin, warm hands and feet, and thirst, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) removed, and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) added should be used as the primary treatment. If, after six or seven days of illness, the pulse is floating, sinking, and weak, accompanied by aversion to cold and wind, warm hands and feet, and the physician has performed purgation two or three times, leading to inability to eat, fullness and pain below the costal margin, yellowing of the face and body, stiffness of the neck and nape, and difficulty in urination, administering Chai Hu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) will certainly cause a sensation of heaviness in the anus during defecation.
[From *Bencao*] If there is thirst, desire to drink water, but vomiting after drinking, Chai Hu Tang should not be administered; eating grain will induce hiccups. (Wang Bing's commentary states: Vomiting without desire to drink water belongs to the Chai Hu syndrome; if vomiting is caused by water retention, it is due to water stagnating in the epigastrium.) Fullness in the hypochondrium combined with Shi Wei (Stomach Excess/Heat), or vomiting with a white coating on the tongue, or a pulse that is wiry, floating, and large, with jaundice, difficulty in urination, and heat, all belong to Yangming syndrome, for which Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is suitable. (For the formula discussion, see "Stomach Excess".) Fullness in the hypochondrium with tidal fever and loose stools should be treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). (For the formula discussion, see "Tidal Fever"). If vomiting occurs due to mild diarrhea induced by improper purgation, first use Chai Hu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) to resolve the exterior, then treat with Xiao Chai Hu Jia Mangxiao Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction plus Natrii Sulfas). (For the formula discussion, see "Tidal Fever".) In Taiyang disease, if ten days have passed and the pulse is floating and fine, and the patient prefers lying down, the exterior pathogen has been resolved. If there is chest fullness and hypochondriac pain, administer Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If the pulse is floating, administer Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). In Taiyang Wind Strike syndrome, with diarrhea and vomiting/reversal of qi, once the exterior is resolved, one may proceed to attack the interior. If the patient sweats, with attacks occurring at regular times, headache, epigastric stuffiness, fullness, hardness, pain radiating to the hypochondrium, dry retching, shortness of breath, sweating without aversion to cold, this indicates the exterior is resolved but the interior is disharmonious. Shizao Tang (Ten Dates Decoction) is appropriate.
Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, stir-fried until black) Gansui (Kansui Radix) Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) (equal parts)
Grind the above herbs into a fine powder, mix well, and pound in a mortar two or three hundred times. First, boil ten large dates in one sheng of water, reduce to approximately half a sheng, remove the dregs, and add the herbal powder. For strong individuals, take one qian; for weak individuals, take half a qian. Take alone with the date decoction in the morning before dawn. If the purgation is insufficient and the disease persists, administer again the next day, increasing the dose by five fen. After purgation, nourish the body with rice congee. If purgation is indicated but does not occur, it will lead to abdominal distension and generalized edema. Previously, Du Ren asked Sun Zhao: "What disease does Shizao Tang (Ten Dates Decoction) ultimately treat?" Sun replied: "It treats Taiyang Wind Strike where the exterior is resolved but the interior is disharmonious." Du asked: "How do you know the interior is disharmonious?" Sun said: "Headache, epigastric stuffiness and fullness, hypochondriac pain, dry retching, and sweating indicate interior disharmony." Du said: "You only listed the symptoms, but you have not stated the crucial reason why the interior is disharmonious." Sun said: "I was uncertain about this and wish to hear your enlightenment." Du said: "Interior disharmony here is due to phlegm and dry qi obstructing the middle jiao, causing headache, dry retching, shortness of breath, and sweating; this is Phlegm Obstruction (Tan Ge), which cannot be cured except by Shizao Tang (Ten Dates Decoction). However, this decoction must not be used lightly, as it may harm the patient suddenly. Physicians must exercise caution."
When a woman suffers from fever and aversion to cold, and her menses happen to begin, followed by the cessation of fever, slow pulse, cool body, hypochondriac fullness resembling Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) syndrome, and delirium, puncture Qimen (Liv14). (For the discussion, see "Delirium".)
After emesis, purgation, and diaphoresis, if the pulse is faint, there is epigastric stuffiness, hypochondriac pain, qi rushing up to the throat, vertigo, and pulsating tremors, Wei Syndrome (Flaccidity Syndrome) will develop. (For the discussion, see "Stuffiness".) After purgation, if the pulse is wiry, there will inevitably be tension and tightness in both hypochondria. (For the discussion, see "General Principles of Cold Damage".)