青色属肝，风邪也，亦主脾寒。
黄色属脾，湿气也，亦主食积。
赤色属心，火热也，亦主假热。
白色属肺，虚寒也，亦主血脱。
黑色属肾，水气也，亦主肾虚。
肝志怒，其声呼，其变骂詈。
心志喜，其声笑，其变谵语。
脾志思，其声歌，其变郑声。
肺志忧，其声哭，其变失音。
肾志恐，其声呻，其变气短。
问病因∶七情六欲，风寒暑湿，饮食起居，损伤惊恐之类是。
问病形∶痛痒寒热，喘咳烦渴，吐利胀满，便闭抽掣之类是。
问病机∶朝甚暮愈，暮热朝寒，进退盛衰，变证兼证之类是。
问病情∶恶寒恶热，苦呕苦满，欲食不食，心烦不寐之类是。
浮脉∶轻按即见。主表实，亦主里气内虚。
沉脉∶重按乃见。主里实，亦主里气内虚。
迟脉∶一息三至。主虚寒，亦主在脏之病。
数脉∶一息六至。主实热，亦主真寒假热。
虚脉∶三部无力。主诸虚，亦主素禀不足。
实脉∶三部有力。主诸实，亦主素禀有余。
大脉∶应指洪阔。主病进，亦主正气内虚。
缓脉∶应指柔和。主病退，亦主胃气有余。
长脉∶过于三指。主气盛，亦主阳盛阴虚。
短脉∶不满三指。主气损，亦主中有窒塞。
滑脉∶往来流利。主血走，亦主痰饮为病。
涩脉∶往来艰滞。主血虚，亦主瘀血凝积。
洪脉∶涌沸有力。主实热，亦主内虚不足。
紧脉∶劲急无定。主寒实，亦主身体疼痛。
细脉∶窄小不粗。主冷气，亦主血脉不足。
微脉∶模糊不显。主阳虚，亦主元气败绝。
芤脉∶浮大中空。主血亡，亦主遗精小产。
弦脉∶端直中劲。主木旺，亦主痰饮内痛。
革脉∶浮极有力。主阴亡，亦主阳不入阴。
牢脉∶沉极有力。主寒实，亦主内有积聚。
濡脉∶浮细无力。主气虚，亦主外受湿气。
弱脉∶沉细无力。主血虚，亦主胃气不盛。
动脉∶摇曳在关。主惊气，亦主阴阳相搏。
伏脉∶沉潜着骨。主邪闭，亦主阴寒在内。
促脉∶数中时止。主热郁，亦主邪气内陷。
结脉∶迟中时止。主寒结，亦主气血渐衰。
代脉∶止有定候。主气绝，亦主经隧有阻。
散脉∶去来撩乱。主气散，亦主产妇之吉。
浮沉分表里，迟数定寒热，虚实分盛衰，大缓辨进退。长有余而短不足，滑流利而涩艰难。寒热紧洪俱属
实，细微血气总为虚。芤中空而血亡故道，弦中劲而木侮脾经。革则阳气外越，牢则阴邪内固。濡气虚，弱血
虚，虚各有别。动气搏，伏气闭，气总乖和。结阴促阳，辨迟与数。代亡散绝，有去无来。脉法多端，此为总
索。
（伯未按∶滑伯仁云，脉之纲要，不外浮沉迟数滑涩六者，以其足统乎表里阴阳虚实冷热风寒湿燥脏腑气
血之病也。）
（又按∶中医论生理，主重脏腑经络，论诊断，主重望闻问切，以现代科学视之，目多缺陷。但中医辨症
用药，全赖于此，越此范畴，便无头绪，故唐氏此书，本为不知医者说法，而首先提出，殆有深意。）
青色归属于肝，主风邪，也主脾寒。
黄色归属于脾，主湿气，也主食积。
赤色归属于心，主火热，也主假热。
白色归属于肺，主虚寒，也主血脱。
黑色归属于肾，主水气，也主肾虚。
肝的情志为怒，其声音为呼，其病变表现为骂詈（骂人）。
心的情志为喜，其声音为笑，其病变表现为谵语（神志不清时的胡言乱语）。
脾的情志为思，其声音为歌，其病变表现为郑声（神志不清时反复重复同一句话）。
肺的情志为忧，其声音为哭，其病变表现为失音（不能发声）。
肾的情志为恐，其声音为呻，其病变表现为气短。
问病因：七情六欲、风寒暑湿、饮食起居、损伤惊恐等属于此类。
问病形：痛痒寒热、喘咳烦渴、吐利胀满、便闭抽掣等属于此类。
问病机：朝甚暮愈、暮热朝寒、进退盛衰、变证兼证等属于此类。
问病情：恶寒恶热、苦呕苦满、欲食不食、心烦不寐等属于此类。
浮脉：轻按即见。主表实，也主里气内虚。
沉脉：重按乃见。主里实，也主里气内虚。
迟脉：一息三至。主虚寒，也主在脏之病。
数脉：一息六至。主实热，也主真寒假热。
虚脉：三部无力。主诸虚，也主素禀不足。
实脉：三部有力。主诸实，也主素禀有余。
大脉：应指洪阔。主病进，也主正气内虚。
缓脉：应指柔和。主病退，也主胃气有余。
长脉：过于三指。主气盛，也主阳盛阴虚。
短脉：不满三指。主气损，也主中有窒塞。
滑脉：往来流利。主血走，也主痰饮为病。
涩脉：往来艰滞。主血虚，也主瘀血凝积。
洪脉：涌沸有力。主实热，也主内虚不足。
紧脉：劲急无定。主寒实，也主身体疼痛。
细脉：窄小不粗。主冷气，也主血脉不足。
微脉：模糊不显。主阳虚，也主元气败绝。
芤脉：浮大中空。主血亡，也主遗精小产。
弦脉：端直中劲。主木旺，也主痰饮内痛。
革脉：浮极有力。主阴亡，也主阳不入阴。
牢脉：沉极有力。主寒实，也主内有积聚。
濡脉：浮细无力。主气虚，也主外受湿气。
弱脉：沉细无力。主血虚，也主胃气不盛。
动脉：摇曳在关。主惊气，也主阴阳相搏。
伏脉：沉潜着骨。主邪闭，也主阴寒在内。
促脉：数中时止。主热郁，也主邪气内陷。
结脉：迟中时止。主寒结，也主气血渐衰。
代脉：止有定候。主气绝，也主经隧有阻。
散脉：去来撩乱。主气散，也主产妇之吉。
浮沉分表里，迟数定寒热，虚实分盛衰，大缓辨进退。长脉有余而短脉不足，滑脉流利而涩脉艰难。寒热紧洪俱属实，细微血气总为虚。芤脉中空故道血亡，弦脉中劲故木侮脾经。革脉则阳气外越，牢脉则阴邪内固。濡脉主气虚，弱脉主血虚，虚各有别。动气搏，伏气闭，气总乖和。结阴促阳，辨迟与数。代亡散绝，有去无来。脉法多端，此为总索。
（伯未按：滑伯仁说，脉的纲要，不外乎浮、沉、迟、数、滑、涩六者，因为足以统括表里、阴阳、虚实、冷热、风寒湿燥、脏腑、气血之病。）
（又按：中医论生理，主要重视脏腑经络；论诊断，主要重视望、闻、问、切。以现代科学视之，目诊多有缺陷。但中医辨证用药，全赖于此，超越此范畴，便无头绪。故唐氏此书，本为不知医者说法，而首先提出，殆有深意。）
Cyan color is associated with the Liver (Gan, 肝), wind pathogen (Fengxie, 风邪), and also indicates Spleen cold (Pi Han, 脾寒).
Yellow color is associated with the Spleen (Pi, 脾), dampness (Shiqi, 湿气), and also indicates food stagnation (Shi Ji, 食积).
Red color is associated with the Heart (Xin, 心), fire-heat (Huore, 火热), and also indicates false heat (Jia Re, 假热).
White color is associated with the Lung (Fei, 肺), deficiency-cold (Xu Han, 虚寒), and also indicates blood loss (Xue Tuo, 血脱).
Black color is associated with the Kidney (Shen, 肾), water qi (Shui Qi, 水气), and also indicates Kidney deficiency (Shen Xu, 肾虚).
The emotional manifestation of the Liver is anger (Nu, 怒); its vocalization is shouting (Hu, 呼); its pathological change includes cursing (Ma Li, 骂詈).
The emotional manifestation of the Heart is joy (Xi, 喜); its vocalization is laughing (Xiao, 笑); its pathological change includes delirious speech (Chan Yu, 谵语).
The emotional manifestation of the Spleen is overthinking (Si, 思); its vocalization is singing (Ge, 歌); its pathological change includes monotonous repetition of words (Zheng Sheng, 郑声).
The emotional manifestation of the Lung is sorrow (You, 忧); its vocalization is crying (Ku, 哭); its pathological change includes aphonia (Shi Yin, 失音).
The emotional manifestation of the Kidney is fear (Kong, 恐); its vocalization is groaning (Shen, 呻); its pathological change includes shortness of breath (Qi Duan, 气短).
Inquiring about etiology: The seven emotions and six desires, wind-cold-summer-heat-dampness, diet and daily life, injuries, and fright belong to this category.
Inquiring about symptom morphology: Pain, itching, cold, heat, wheezing, cough, vexation, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, distension, fullness, constipation, and convulsions belong to this category.
Inquiring about disease mechanism: Worsening in the morning and improving in the evening, heat in the evening and cold in the morning, progression and regression, excess and decline, transformed syndromes, and combined syndromes belong to this category.
Inquiring about disease condition: Aversion to cold or heat, bitter vomiting, abdominal fullness, desire to eat but inability to do so, heart vexation, and insomnia belong to this category.
Floating pulse (Fu Mai, 浮脉): Visible with light pressure. Indicates exterior excess (Biao Shi, 表实) or interior qi deficiency (Li Qi Nei Xu, 里气内虚).
Deep pulse (Chen Mai, 沉脉): Visible only with heavy pressure. Indicates interior excess (Li Shi, 里实) or interior qi deficiency (Li Qi Nei Xu, 里气内虚).
Slow pulse (Chi Mai, 迟脉): Three beats per respiratory cycle. Indicates deficiency-cold (Xu Han, 虚寒) or zang organ disease (Zai Zang Zhi Bing, 在脏之病).
Rapid pulse (Shu Mai, 数脉): Six beats per respiratory cycle. Indicates excess-heat (Shi Re, 实热) or true cold with false heat (Zhen Jia Han Re, 真寒假热).
Deficient pulse (Xu Mai, 虚脉): Weakness in all three positions (San Bu Wu Li, 三部无力). Indicates various deficiencies (Zhu Xu, 诸虚) or congenital insufficiency (Su Bing Bu Zu, 素禀不足).
Excess pulse (Shi Mai, 实脉): Strength in all three positions (San Bu You Li, 三部有力). Indicates various excesses (Zhu Shi, 诸实) or congenital abundance (Su Bing You Yu, 素禀有余).
Large pulse (Da Mai, 大脉): Broad and expansive upon palpation. Indicates disease progression (Bing Jin, 病进) or internal deficiency of righteous qi (Zheng Qi Nei Xu, 正气内虚).
Moderate pulse (Huan Mai, 缓脉): Soft and gentle upon palpation. Indicates disease retreat (Bing Tui, 病退) or excess stomach qi (Wei Qi You Yu, 胃气有余).
Long pulse (Chang Mai, 长脉): Extends beyond the three finger widths. Indicates qi abundance (Qi Sheng, 气盛) or yang excess with yin deficiency (Yang Sheng Yin Xu, 阳盛阴虚).
Short pulse (Duan Mai, 短脉): Does not cover the three finger widths. Indicates qi damage (Qi Sun, 气损) or obstruction within (Zhong You Zhi Sai, 中有窒塞).
Slippery pulse (Hua Mai, 滑脉): Smooth and fluent flow. Indicates blood movement (Xue Zou, 血走) or phlegm-fluid pathology (Tan Yin Wei Bing, 痰饮为病).
Choppy pulse (Se Mai, 涩脉): Rough and stagnant flow. Indicates blood deficiency (Xue Xu, 血虚) or blood stasis accumulation (Yu Xue Ning Ji, 瘀血凝积).
Surging pulse (Hong Mai, 洪脉): Forceful and boiling flow. Indicates excess-heat (Shi Re, 实热) or internal deficiency insufficiency (Nei Xu Bu Zu, 内虚不足).
Tight pulse (Jin Mai, 紧脉): Tense and urgent without regularity. Indicates cold-excess (Han Shi, 寒实) or body pain (Shen Ti Teng Tong, 身体疼痛).
Fine pulse (Xi Mai, 细脉): Narrow and small. Indicates cold qi (Leng Qi, 冷气) or blood vessel insufficiency (Xue Mai Bu Zu, 血脉不足).
Micro pulse (Wei Mai, 微脉): Vague and indistinct. Indicates yang deficiency (Yang Xu, 阳虚) or collapse of primordial qi (Yuan Qi Bai Jue, 元气败绝).
Spongy pulse (Kou Mai, 芤脉): Floating, large, and hollow in the center. Indicates blood loss (Xue Wang, 血亡) or seminal emission/miscarriage (Yi Jing Xiao Chan, 遗精小产).
Wiry pulse (Xian Mai, 弦脉): Straight and tense in the middle. Indicates wood hyperactivity (Mu Wang, 木旺) or internal pain from phlegm-fluids (Tan Yin Nei Tong, 痰饮内痛).
Leather pulse (Ge Mai, 革脉): Extremely floating and forceful. Indicates yin collapse (Yin Wang, 阴亡) or yang failing to enter yin (Yang Bu Ru Yin, 阳不入阴).
Deep-firm pulse (Lao Mai, 牢脉): Extremely deep and forceful. Indicates cold-excess (Han Shi, 寒实) or internal accumulations (Nei You Ji Ju, 内有积聚).
Soft pulse (Ru Mai, 濡脉): Floating, fine, and weak. Indicates qi deficiency (Qi Xu, 气虚) or external dampness invasion (Wai Shou Shi Qi, 外受湿气).
Weak pulse (Ruo Mai, 弱脉): Deep, fine, and weak. Indicates blood deficiency (Xue Xu, 血虚) or insufficient stomach qi (Wei Qi Bu Sheng, 胃气不盛).
Moving pulse (Dong Mai, 动脉): Fluctuating at the Guan position. Indicates fright qi (Jing Qi, 惊气) or struggle between yin and yang (Yin Yang Xiang Bo, 阴阳相搏).
Hidden pulse (Fu Mai, 伏脉): Deeply submerged, touching the bone. Indicates pathogen closure (Xie Bi, 邪闭) or internal yin-cold (Yin Han Zai Nei, 阴寒在内).
Rapid-interrupted pulse (Cu Mai, 促脉): Rapid with occasional pauses. Indicates heat stagnation (Re Yu, 热郁) or pathogen sinking inward (Xie Qi Nei Qian, 邪气内陷).
Slow-interrupted pulse (Jie Mai, 结脉): Slow with occasional pauses. Indicates cold knot (Han Jie, 寒结) or gradual decline of qi and blood (Qi Xue Jian Shuai, 气血渐衰).
Intermittent pulse (Dai Mai, 代脉): Pauses at fixed intervals. Indicates qi exhaustion (Qi Jue, 气绝) or obstruction in the meridians (Jing Sui You Zu, 经隧有阻).
Scattered pulse (San Mai, 散脉): Chaotic and irregular coming and going. Indicates qi scattering (Qi San, 气散) or auspicious sign for postpartum women (Chan Fu Zhi Ji, 产妇之吉).
Floating and deep distinguish exterior and interior; slow and rapid determine cold and heat; deficient and excess differentiate prosperity and decline; large and moderate discern progression and retreat. Long pulse indicates surplus, short pulse indicates insufficiency; slippery pulse is fluent, choppy pulse is difficult. Cold, heat, tight, and surging pulses all belong to excess; fine and micro pulses always indicate deficiency of blood and qi. Spongy pulse is hollow in the center, thus indicating blood loss; wiry pulse is tense in the center, thus indicating wood insulting the spleen meridian. Leather pulse indicates yang qi escaping outward; deep-firm pulse indicates yin pathogen consolidating internally. Soft pulse indicates qi deficiency, weak pulse indicates blood deficiency, each having distinct differences. Moving pulse indicates qi struggle, hidden pulse indicates qi closure, both indicating disharmony of qi. Intermittent pulse relates to yin, rapid-interrupted pulse relates to yang; distinguish by slowness and speed. Intermittent pulse indicates collapse, scattered pulse indicates extinction, having no return. Pulse methods are numerous, but these are the general principles.
(Bowei's Note: Hua Borun stated that the essence of pulse diagnosis lies not beyond the six types: floating, deep, slow, rapid, slippery, and choppy, as they suffice to encompass diseases of exterior-interior, yin-yang, deficiency-excess, cold-heat, wind-cold-dampness-dryness, zang-fu, and qi-blood.)
(Another Note: In discussing physiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine primarily emphasizes zang-fu organs and meridians; in diagnosis, it primarily emphasizes inspection, auscultation/olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. Viewed through modern science, inspection has many defects. However, TCM syndrome differentiation and medication rely entirely on this; transcending this category leads to confusion. Therefore, Tang's book, intended for laypeople, places this first, implying profound significance.)