1.伤风属肺咳声重, 鼻塞喷嚏涕流清, 鼻渊脑热不喷嚏, 浊涕秽久
必鼻红.
【注】伤风属肺, 故喷嚏也. 鼻渊属脑, 故不喷嚏也. 伤风寒邪, 故
涕清也, 鼻渊热邪, 故涕浊也. 鼻渊病久或有秽气, 则热深, 故脑衄
鼻血也.
川芎茶调散
2.参苏饮治虚伤风, 实者茶调及头疼, 芎芷薄草羌茶细, 荆防痰半
热膏清.
【注】参苏饮方, 在咳嗽门, 治气虚之人伤风之病. 若气实者, 用川
芎茶调散, 即川芎, 白芷, 薄荷, 甘草, 羌活, 茶叶, 细辛, 荆芥,
防风, 伤风头痛者, 亦可用也. 有痰者加半夏清痰, 有热者加石膏清
热可也.
苍耳散
3.苍耳散治鼻渊病, 风热入脑瞑头疼, 涕流不止鼻塞热, 苍耳辛夷
止薄葱.
【注】鼻渊病属风热入脑, 故目瞑而头疼涕流不止, 较之伤风为甚焉
.鼻塞, 气不利也. 热, 鼻孔中热也, 甚者孔热而痛及其脑也. 苍耳
散, 即苍耳子炒去刺, 研破一两, 加辛夷三钱, 白芷, 薄荷各一钱,
葱三茎也.
黄连防风通圣散
4.鼻渊初病施苍耳, 黄连防风久病方, 孔痛胆调冰硼散, 鼻血犀角
地黄汤.
【注】鼻渊, 风热伤脑之病, 初病则风邪盛, 故用苍耳散, 以散为主
.久病则热郁深, 故用防风通圣散加黄连, 以清为主也. 热气涌涕伤
其鼻孔成疮故痛也, 宜以猪胆汗调冰硼散敷之. 热蕴于脑, 伤及所过
营血, 故衄也, 宜以犀角地黄汤凉之可也.
1. 伤风（外感风邪所致的表证）属于肺系病变，表现为咳嗽声音沉重，鼻塞、打喷嚏、流清鼻涕；鼻渊（以流浊涕为主症的鼻病）则是脑部热邪所致，不伴有打喷嚏，流出浑浊且气味秽臭的鼻涕时间一长，必然导致鼻腔出血。
【注】伤风属于肺系病变，所以会出现打喷嚏的症状。鼻渊属于脑部病变，所以不会打喷嚏。伤风是感受风寒邪气，所以鼻涕清稀；鼻渊是热邪所致，所以鼻涕浑浊。鼻渊病程长久若有秽臭之气，说明热邪深入，因此会导致脑络受损而鼻衄（鼻出血）。
2. 参苏饮（益气解表方剂）治疗气虚之人患伤风，实证患者则适用川芎茶调散及治疗头痛，药物包括川芎、白芷、薄荷、甘草、羌活、茶叶、细辛、荆芥、防风；若有痰湿加半夏清热化痰，若兼有热象加石膏清热即可。
【注】参苏饮这一方剂，记载在咳嗽门类中，用于治疗气虚之人患伤风的病症。如果是气实（正气不虚）的患者，使用川芎茶调散，即由川芎、白芷、薄荷、甘草、羌活、茶叶、细辛、荆芥、防风组成，伤风引起的头痛也可以使用。如果有痰，加入半夏以清化痰涎；如果有热，加入石膏以清除热邪即可。
3. 苍耳散治疗鼻渊病，因风热侵入脑部导致眼睛昏花、头痛，鼻涕流个不停、鼻塞且有热感，方剂由苍耳子、辛夷、白芷、薄荷、葱组成。
【注】鼻渊病属于风热侵入脑部，所以出现眼睛昏花、头痛、鼻涕流个不停，比伤风更为严重。鼻塞，是气机不利所致。热，是指鼻孔中的热感，严重的甚至鼻孔发热疼痛并波及脑部。苍耳散，即用苍耳子炒去刺，研碎一两，加上辛夷三钱，白芷、薄荷各一钱，葱三根。
4. 鼻渊初起发病施以苍耳散，久病则用黄连配伍防风通圣散，鼻孔疼痛用猪胆汁调和冰硼散，鼻出血用犀角地黄汤。
【注】鼻渊，是风热损伤脑部的疾病，初起时风邪盛，所以用苍耳散，以疏散风邪为主。久病则热邪郁结深重，所以用防风通圣散加入黄连，以清热为主。热气上涌，鼻涕损伤鼻孔形成疮疡所以疼痛，适宜用猪胆汁调和冰硼散敷贴。热邪蕴结于脑部，损伤经过的营血，所以发生鼻衄，适宜用犀角地黄汤来凉血止血即可。
1. Shangfeng (Wind-Cold Invasion) belongs to the Lung system, presenting with heavy coughing, nasal congestion, sneezing, and clear nasal discharge; Biyuan (Nasal Sinusitis characterized by purulent discharge) is caused by heat pathogen in the brain, without sneezing, but with turbid and foul-smelling nasal discharge that, if prolonged, inevitably leads to epistaxis (nosebleed).
[Note] Shangfeng belongs to the Lung system, hence sneezing occurs. Biyuan belongs to the brain, hence sneezing does not occur. Shangfeng is caused by Wind-Cold pathogen, hence the discharge is clear; Biyuan is caused by Heat pathogen, hence the discharge is turbid. If Biyuan persists for a long time with a foul odor, it indicates deep-seated heat, thus leading to brain collateral damage and epistaxis.
Chuanxiong Chatiao San
2. Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Decoction) treats Shangfeng in patients with Qi deficiency; for excess patterns, Chuanxiong Chatiao San is used for headache. The formula contains Chuanxiong, Bai Zhi, Bo He, Gan Cao, Qiang Huo, tea leaves, Xi Xin, Jing Jie, and Fang Feng. For phlegm, add Ban Xia to resolve phlegm; for heat, add Shi Gao to clear heat.
[Note] The Shensu Yin formula is recorded in the Cough section, treating Shangfeng in individuals with Qi deficiency. If the patient has robust Qi (excess pattern), use Chuanxiong Chatiao San, composed of Chuanxiong, Bai Zhi, Bo He, Gan Cao, Qiang Huo, tea leaves, Xi Xin, Jing Jie, and Fang Feng, which can also be used for headaches caused by Shangfeng. If there is phlegm, add Ban Xia to clear phlegm; if there is heat, add Shi Gao to clear heat.
Cang'er San
3. Cang'er San treats Biyuan, where Wind-Heat enters the brain causing dizziness and headache, incessant nasal discharge, nasal congestion, and heat sensation. The formula consists of Cang Er Zi, Xin Yi, Bai Zhi, Bo He, and Cong Bai.
[Note] Biyuan is caused by Wind-Heat entering the brain, resulting in dizziness, headache, and incessant nasal discharge, which is more severe than Shangfeng. Nasal congestion is due to impaired Qi movement. Heat refers to the heat sensation in the nostrils; in severe cases, the nostrils become hot and painful, extending to the brain. Cang'er San is made by stir-frying Cang Er Zi to remove thorns, crushing one tael, adding three qian of Xin Yi, one qian each of Bai Zhi and Bo He, and three stalks of Cong Bai.
Huanglian Fangfeng Tongsheng San
4. For early-stage Biyuan, apply Cang'er San; for chronic cases, use Huanglian combined with Fangfeng Tongsheng San. For nostril pain, mix Bingpeng San with pig bile juice for application. For epistaxis, use Xijiao Dihuang Tang.
[Note] Biyuan is a disease where Wind-Heat damages the brain. In the early stage, Wind pathogen is predominant, so Cang'er San is used primarily to disperse Wind. In chronic cases, Heat is deeply郁 (stagnant), so Fangfeng Tongsheng San added with Huanglian is used primarily to clear Heat. Surging Heat and nasal discharge damage the nostrils, forming ulcers and causing pain; it is appropriate to apply Bingpeng San mixed with pig bile juice. Heat accumulating in the brain damages the Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood) passing through, causing epistaxis; it is appropriate to cool with Xijiao Dihuang Tang.