《千金方》云∶论曰，凡利有四种，论冷热甘蛊。冷则白，热则赤，甘则赤白而杂，蛊
则纯
又云∶古今利方千万，不可具载此中，但撮其效者七八而已，虽然，弘之在人也，何则
陟厘
愈也？
《医门方》云∶辨曰∶比见下利者，因多触热饮水，或夜露坐卧冒霜雪，风寒邪气客于
皮肤
而
又云∶下利欲饮者，为有热；利而不渴，其脏有寒；下利后更烦，按其心下软者，为虚
烦也
又云∶下利有不欲食者，有宿食，宜下；下利瘥，时时复发，此为不尽，宜下；下利腹
满不
下利
又云∶下利甚者，手足痹不仁；下利而反发热、身形汗出者，自愈；下利，脉数而渴欲
饮，
又云∶下利，手足无脉，灸之不温，微喘者，死；下利后，脉绝，手足厥冷，卒时脉还，
手
又云∶凡人久下利或热，暴下两日即有 虫，口唇生疮，口中舌上唇并生疮如粟，疮剧
者
之
《葛氏方》云∶下利，手足逆冷，灸之不暖，或无脉，微喘者，死；下利，舌萎，烦躁
而不
今按∶下利人可食物∶
赤小豆（孟诜云∶止痢。） 小麦（《本草》云∶止利。） 青粱米（《本草》云∶止泄。）
黄粱米（《本草》云∶止泄。） 丹黍米（《本草》云∶止泄。） 粳米（《本草》云∶止泄。）
橘（《本草》云∶止泄。） 柚（《本草》云∶止泄。） 梅（《本草》云∶止下利。） 柿（《
本草陶注》云∶火熏者性热，断下。） 石榴（《本草》云∶壳疗下利。） 通草（崔禹云∶
止
云∶止
禹云∶主
鱼（崔禹
禹云∶主止下
名∶之多多美。
下利人可忌物∶
《千金方》云∶凡利病，通忌生冷、酢滑、猪、鸡、鱼油、乳酪、酥、干脯、酱、粉、
碱，
《养生要集》云∶腹中有冷患，饮乳汁，令腹痛泄利。
《七卷食经》云∶杏仁不可多食，令人热利。
《千金方》记载：论述说，凡是下利（腹泻）有四种类型，分别论述冷、热、甘（饮食积滞）、蛊（寄生虫或毒邪）。寒证则大便色白，热证则大便色赤，甘证则大便红白混杂，蛊证则纯为脓血。
又记载：古今治疗下利的方剂成千上万，不可能全部载录于此，只选取其中疗效显著的七八种罢了。虽然如此，推广运用在于人，为什么呢？难道是因为纸张（陟厘，古代一种纸）能治愈疾病吗？
《医门方》记载：辨析说：近来见到下利的患者，大多因为接触热气后饮水，或者夜间露宿坐卧冒犯霜雪，导致风寒邪气客居于皮肤。
又记载：下利想要喝水的，是有热；下利而不口渴的，是脏腑有寒；下利之后更加烦躁，按压心下部柔软的，是虚烦。
又记载：下利不想吃东西的，是有宿食（未消化的食物），适宜用攻下法；下利痊愈后，时常复发，这是因为病邪未尽，适宜用攻下法；下利伴有腹部胀满不消的……（原文此处有缺漏，依上下文推测为实证宜下，但原文中断）。
又记载：下利严重的，手足麻木不仁；下利反而发热、身体出汗的，会自愈；下利，脉象数且口渴想喝水的……（原文此处有缺漏）。
又记载：下利，手足摸不到脉搏，艾灸后不温暖，轻微喘息的，主死；下利之后，脉搏消失，手足厥冷，片刻后脉搏恢复，手……（原文此处有缺漏）。
又记载：凡人长期下利或者发热，突然下利两天即出现……（原文此处有缺漏）虫，口唇生疮，口中、舌上、唇并生疮如粟米状，疮严重的……（原文此处有缺漏）。
《葛氏方》记载：下利，手足逆冷，艾灸后不暖和，或者没有脉搏，轻微喘息的，主死；下利，舌头萎缩，烦躁而……（原文此处有缺漏）。
现在按语：下利患者可以吃的食物：
赤小豆（孟诜说：止痢。） 小麦（《本草》说：止利。） 青粱米（《本草》说：止泄。） 黄粱米（《本草》说：止泄。） 丹黍米（《本草》说：止泄。） 粳米（《本草》说：止泄。） 橘（《本草》说：止泄。） 柚（《本草》说：止泄。） 梅（《本草》说：止下利。） 柿（《本草陶注》说：火熏制的性热，断下。） 石榴（《本草》说：壳疗下利。） 通草（崔禹说：止……） （原文此处有缺漏） 云：止…… （原文此处有缺漏） 禹说：主…… （原文此处有缺漏） 鱼（崔禹…… 禹说：主止下…… 名：之多多美。（此段文字混乱，似为残句）
下利患者忌吃的食物：
《千金方》说：凡是下利病，普遍忌食生冷、酸滑、猪、鸡、鱼油、乳酪、酥、干肉脯、酱、粉、碱，
《养生要集》说：腹中有冷患，饮用乳汁，会导致腹痛泄利。
《七卷食经》说：杏仁不可多吃，令人得热利。
The *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Prescriptions) states: The discussion says that there are four types of diarrhea (Xieli, lower bowel discharge), discussing cold, heat, "gan" (dietary accumulation/stagnation), and "gu" (parasites or toxic pathogens). Cold patterns present with white stool; heat patterns present with red stool; "gan" patterns present with mixed red and white stool; "gu" patterns present with pure pus and blood.
It further states: There are thousands upon thousands of prescriptions for diarrhea in ancient and modern times, which cannot be fully recorded here. Only seven or eight of the most effective ones are selected. Although this is so, its application depends on people. Why? Is it because paper (Zhili, an ancient type of paper) can cure diseases?
The *Yimen Fang* (Medical Gate Prescriptions) states: In differentiation, it is observed that patients with diarrhea often contract it after drinking water while exposed to heat, or by sleeping outdoors at night exposed to frost and snow, causing wind-cold pathogenic factors to lodge in the skin.
It further states: Those with diarrhea who desire to drink have heat; those with diarrhea but no thirst have cold in the zang organs; those who become more irritable after diarrhea, with a soft epigastrium upon palpation, have deficiency irritability (Xu Fan).
It further states: Those with diarrhea who do not desire food have retained food (Su Shi) and are suitable for purgative treatment; those whose diarrhea has resolved but recurs frequently have incomplete elimination of pathogens and are suitable for purgative treatment; those with diarrhea accompanied by abdominal fullness... [text missing].
It further states: Severe diarrhea causes numbness and insensibility of the hands and feet; diarrhea accompanied by fever and sweating of the body indicates spontaneous recovery; diarrhea with a rapid pulse and thirst indicating a desire to drink... [text missing].
It further states: Diarrhea with absent pulses in the hands and feet, where moxibustion fails to warm them, accompanied by slight panting, indicates death; after diarrhea, if the pulse vanishes and the extremities are cold, but the pulse returns after a short time, the hand... [text missing].
It further states: For those suffering from chronic diarrhea or fever, sudden diarrhea lasting two days may lead to... [text missing] worms, sores on the lips, and sores like millet grains appearing on the mouth, tongue, and lips. Severe sores... [text missing].
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Prescriptions by Master Ge) states: Diarrhea with cold reversal of the hands and feet, where moxibustion fails to warm them, or absence of pulse, accompanied by slight panting, indicates death; diarrhea with tongue atrophy, irritability, and... [text missing].
Current commentary: Foods permissible for those with diarrhea:
Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) (Meng Xin says: Stops dysentery.) Wheat (Triticum aestivum) (*Bencao* says: Stops diarrhea.) Green Millet (Panicum miliaceum var. viride) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Yellow Millet (Panicum miliaceum) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Red Broomcorn Millet (Sorghum bicolor var. rubrum) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa var. japonica) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Orange/Citrus (Citrus reticulata) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Pomelo (Citrus maxima) (*Bencao* says: Stops loose stools.) Plum (Prunus mume) (*Bencao* says: Stops diarrhea.) Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) (*Bencao Taozhu* says: Fire-dried ones are hot in nature and stop diarrhea.) Pomegranate (Punica granatum) (*Bencao* says: The shell treats diarrhea.) Tong Cao (Tetrapanacis Medulla) (Cui Yu says: Stops...) [text missing] Yun: Stops... [text missing] Yu says: Governs... [text missing] Fish (Cui Yu... Yu says: Governs stopping lower... Name: Zhi duo duo mei. [This segment is garbled/corrupt]).
Foods forbidden for those with diarrhea:
The *Qianjin Fang* states: Generally, for all diarrhea conditions, one should avoid raw and cold foods, sour and slippery foods, pork, chicken, fish oil, milk products, butter, dried meat jerky, sauces, starch/powders, and alkali.
The *Yangsheng Yaoji* (Essentials for Health Preservation) states: If there is cold pathology in the abdomen, drinking milk will cause abdominal pain and diarrhea.
The *Qi Juan Shijing* (Seven-Volume Food Classic) states: Almonds (Prunus armeniaca) should not be eaten in excess, as they cause heat-type diarrhea.