According to the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases): When Ying (Nutritive Qi) and Wei (Defensive Qi) are in disharmony, and Yin and Yang are isolated, pathogenic Wind enters from the exterior and contends with Wei Qi. This leads to congestion and obstruction of Blood and Qi, resulting in "Pi" (obstruction/lump). The manifestations include abdominal fullness and frequent high fever. There are eight types of this condition, hence it is called "Eight Pis" (Eight Obstructions), but physicians have not clearly specified the symptoms.

The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The accumulation of the Spleen is named "Pi Qi" (Obstructive Qi). It is located at the epigastrium, covering an area as large as a plate. If not cured for a long time, it causes weakness and inability to control the four limbs, and leads to jaundice.

The *Lu Yan Fang* (Recorded Verified Formulas) provides the Shexiang Wan (Musk Pill) for treating Eight Pis:
Cinnabar (Guangming Sha), Musk, Clove, and Azurite (Zengqing, also known as Kongqing) each 1 liang; Rhubarb (Dahuang) 0.7 fen; Scutellaria (Huangqin) 0.3 fen; Mirabilite (Puxiao) 2 liang.
These ten ingredients are crushed, sifted, and mixed with honey to form pills the size of small beans. Take one pill on an empty stomach in the early morning. For the elderly or robust individuals, or those suffering from the same disease, take one pill the size of a sophora seed.

The *Chuan Xin Fang* (Transmitted Trustworthy Formulas) describes a formula for pain caused by a sensation of stones in the abdomen after sitting outdoors for a long time during the transition between autumn and summer:
Soybean (Dadou) 0.5 sheng; Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 0.8 fen.
Boil these two ingredients in 2 sheng of water until less than 1 sheng remains, then take it all at once. The hard obstruction will immediately dissipate.

The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* states: Zheng Jia (masses and accumulations) arise from improper regulation of cold and warmth, indigestion of food, and contention between these factors and the Qi of the Zang organs. Those that do not move are called "Zheng"; those that have knots or masses but can be moved are called "Jia".

The *Ge Shi Fang* (Formulas of Ge Hong) states: If Zheng Jia attacks the heart, does not move, and causes pain upon eating, the prognosis is fatal.

The *Xin Lu Fang* (Newly Recorded Formulas) provides the Bai Wan (White Pill) for treating various warm diseases. Yin Keng, Governor of Nanzhou, reported: Having received imperial grace and served for three years...
Astragalus Root (Ziwan - *Note: Text says Ziwan which is usually Aster tataricus, but context implies Astragalus or similar tonic depending on variant readings, here strictly translating text*), Evodia (Wuzhuyu), Acorus growing on rocks (Shishang Changpu), Magnolia Bark (Nongpu/Pohu), Platycodon (Jiegeng), Gleditsia Sinensis (Zaojia), Coptis (Lian/Huanglian), Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao) each 0.2 fen.
These fifteen ingredients are crushed, sifted into powder, mixed with fine honey, and pounded for three thousand strokes to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take two pills; if ineffective, slightly increase the dose...
It treats upper Qi rebellion, ten types of women's pain, irritability and heat, five types of fright-epilepsy, irregular menstruation resembling pregnancy, chronic emaciation, delirium (crying or singing, believed to be ghost disturbance)...
Yin Keng recounts cases: A person who suffered abortion trauma had stagnant blood, wasting syndrome, and was near death; after taking this medicine, they recovered. Chen Sheng, a Registrar, suffered from abdominal distension for fourteen years; after ten days of treatment, he passed sixty green worms and three sheng of pus, and was cured. Gong Cao suffered from bedridden illness for years; after thirty days, he passed one hundred dung beetles and one dou of yellow-green fluid, and was cured. A nephew of his teacher was emaciated and vomiting everything; after five pills, he passed ten toad-like creatures and one dou of blue water, and was cured. A family member suffered from heart disease with sudden fatal episodes; after five to six days, he passed two flesh snakes, each 1.5 chi long, with heads but no pupils, and was cured. He also treated a nun named Zhuan who had severe wind-stroke, loss of eyebrows for two years, and body sores like needle pricks; after nine pills over a month, she passed three sheng of five-colored Zheng worms daily, her eyebrows grew back, and she recovered.
Contraindications during medication include cold water, raw vegetables, raw fish, pork, slippery/greasy foods, stale/odorous foods, and the Five Pungent Spices.

The *Seng Shen Fang* (Monk Shen's Formulas) provides the Xiaoshi Da Wan (Large Niter Pill) for treating twelve types of Zheng Jia, leukorrhea, infertility, and abdominal masses caused by consuming cold-damaging medicines.
Rhubarb from Hexi 8 liang, Mirabilite 6 liang, Ginseng from Shangdang 2 liang, Licorice 3 liang.
These four ingredients are separately crushed and sifted. Place three-year-old good vinegar in a copper vessel. Insert a bamboo chopstick; one sheng of vinegar takes one "ke" (quarter hour) to pass the mark, totaling three ke... [Text incomplete regarding preparation method]. Take... [Text incomplete regarding dosage/diet].

The *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) offers formulas for Jia masses:
Moxibustion at the hollow point behind the medial malleolus, with the number of moxa cones determined by the patient's age.
Another formula: Moxibustion on Qihai (CV6), 1.5 cun below the umbilicus, 100 cones.
Another formula: Decoct bark of oak (Hu Bai Pi) until it can be formed into pills. Take until effective; if the mass moves or passes, reduce the dose.
Another formula for hard masses, feeling of a cup pressing on the epigastrium, abdominal fullness after eating, and cardiac colic:
Descurainia Seed (Tinglizi) 2 liang, Rhubarb 2 liang, Spurge (Zeqi) 4 liang.
Crush each ingredient 500 times and sift. Grind Tinglizi into a paste, mix with the powders of the other two, pound 500 times more, mix with honey. Take two pills the size of sophora seeds; if ineffective, slightly... [Text incomplete].

The *Yimen Fang* (Medical Gate Formulas) treats Zheng Jia with lower abdominal distension and pain under the ribs, triggered by cold, Qi rushing to the heart, inability to eat, vomiting, reverse Qi, shortness of breath, and irritability.
Pinellia (Banxia) 10 fen, Fresh Ginger 10 fen, Rhubarb 12 fen, Betel Nut (Binglang Ren) 10 fen, Ginseng 8 fen, Evodia (Wuzhuyu) 6 fen, Magnolia Bark (Nongpu)... [Text incomplete].
Decoct in 9 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Add Rhubarb, boil for three boils. Divide into three warm doses. After an interval equivalent to walking 8-9 li, expect 2-3 bowel movements.

The *Guangli Fang* (Benefit All Formulas) treats Zheng Jia with abdominal distension, hardness like stone, and visible blue veins on the abdomen.
Polygonum Multiflorum Vine Powder (Zige Fen) 0.8 fen, Red Peony Root (Chishao) 0.6 fen, Platycodon (Jiegeng) 0.6 fen, Astragalus Flower Buds (Ziwan Tou) 35 pieces, Costus Root (Qingmuxiang) 0.6 fen, Chebula (Helile)... [Text incomplete].
Crush and sift, mix with honey to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take 15 pills on an empty stomach. Avoid stale, sticky, greasy foods and pork.

The *Ge Shi Fang* treats a mass in the epigastrium the size of a cup preventing eating.
Descurainia Seed (Tinglizi) 2 liang, Rhubarb 2 liang, Spurge (Zeqi) 4 liang.
Crush and sift, mix with honey to form pills, pound 1,000 times. Take two pills the size of sophora seeds, three times a day.