治肺劳有热，不能服补气之剂者（肺虚挟火，或咳嗽发热，阴虚已甚，再服补阳之药，
则
知母（炒） 贝母（炒。等分。）为末服。古方二母各一两，加巴霜十粒，姜三片，临
卧，
此手太阴药也。火旺铄金，肺虚劳热，能受温补者易治，不能受温补者难治，故又设此
法滋阴，用贝母化痰泻肺火，知母滋肾清肺金，取其苦能泄热，寒能胜热，润能去燥也（二
母皆润
（《本事》）
治脾肺火热，虚烦上壅，咽痛生疮（十二经脉惟足太阳在表，别下项不历膈咽；余经皆
循喉咙历膈，或实热上攻，或虚火妄行，痰涎结聚，则成咽痛、咽疮。实火宜升之散之，若
虚火宜用人参、姜、附辛热之药，多有过服寒凉而病反甚者。张子和曰∶经何以言一阴一阳
结，为喉痹，盖君相二火独胜，则热结正络，故痛且速也；嗌干嗌痛，咽肿颌肿，舌本强，
皆君火
薄荷 荆芥 防风 桔梗 甘草 牛蒡子（炒） 人参，等分。或为末，每服二钱。或
加
此手太阴、少阴药也。咽痛咽疮，由于火郁，桔梗、甘草，甘桔汤也，辛苦散寒，甘平
除热
之贼，正气虚则邪火炽，故又加人参以补虚退热（喻氏曰∶此方清上焦壅热，全用辛凉轻清
之味，
（《金匮》名桔梗汤）
治少阴咽痛喉痹，肺痈吐脓，干咳无痰，火郁在肺（手少阴心脉挟咽，足少阴肾脉循喉
咙，火炎则痛。经曰∶一阴一阳结，谓之喉痹。一阴，少阴君火；一阳，少阳相火也。肺痈
者，《金匮》云∶热之所过，血为之凝滞，蓄结痈脓，吐如米粥，始萌可救，脓成难救。火
郁在肺
甘草（二两） 桔梗（一两。）或等分。王好古加法∶失音，加诃子；声不出，加半夏；
上
加半夏、生
加栀子、
黄；不得
此手太阴、少阴药也。甘草甘平，解毒而泻火；桔梗苦辛，清肺而利膈，又能升提血气
，表
匮》
之法
在表
恶寒
之，
酸剂
合天
肝发
粟
本方除桔梗，名甘草汤（《金匮》）∶治同。本方加防风，名甘桔防风汤∶治同。本方加
防风、荆芥、连翘，名如圣汤（宋仁宗）∶治上焦风热。本方加连翘、薄荷、竹叶、栀子、
黄芩，名桔梗汤∶治上焦壅热，喉痹热肿。又方∶桔梗、桑皮、贝母、栝蒌、当归、枳壳、
苡仁、防己（一作防风。各五分），黄 （七分），杏仁、百合、甘草（各三分），加姜煎，
亦名桔梗汤（《济生》）∶治肺痈吐脓，嗌干多渴；如大便闭，加大黄；小便赤，加木通。本
方加诃子，名诃子清音汤，加童便服；治中风不语（肺属金，主音，金空则有声，风痰壅塞，
则不能言。诃子敛肺清痰，散逆破结；桔梗利肺气，甘草和元气，童便降火润肺，或加木通
以利机窍也。足少阴肾脉侠舌本，足太阴脾脉连舌本，手少阴心别脉系舌本，三经虚则痰涎
塞其脉道，舌不转运而不能言；或三脉亡血，舌无血荣养而喑。舌喑者，中风不能转运之类，
而咽喉音声如故；喉喑者，劳嗽失音之类，而舌本则能转运言语也）。本方除甘草，加枳壳，
名枳桔汤∶治胸中痞塞，噫气吐酸，或咳（枳壳、桔梗，苦下气而散痞，寒消热而除咳。《活
人》云∶伤寒应发汗，反下之，遂成痞，枳实理中丸最良。审知是痞，先用枳壳汤尤妙，缘
桔梗、枳壳行气下膈
【二母散】
治疗肺劳伴有内热，无法服用补气药物的人（这是因为肺虚兼有火邪，或者出现咳嗽、发热，阴虚已经非常严重，如果再服用补阳的药物，就会加重病情）。
知母（炒制） 贝母（炒制。两者等量。）研成细末服用。古方中知母和贝母各用一两，加入巴豆霜十粒，生姜三片，临睡前服用。这是手太阴肺经的药物。火气旺盛灼伤肺金，导致肺虚劳热，能够耐受温补的容易治疗，不能耐受温补的难以治疗，所以又设立这种方法来滋阴，使用贝母化痰并清泻肺火，使用知母滋补肾阴并清润肺金，取它们苦味能泄热、寒性能胜热、润性能去燥的特性（知母和贝母都具有滋润的特性）。
【利膈汤】
治疗脾肺火热，虚烦上壅，咽喉疼痛生疮（十二经脉中只有足太阳膀胱经在体表，下行经过颈部但不经过膈肌和咽喉；其余经脉都循行经过喉咙和膈肌，如果是实热上攻，或者是虚火妄行，痰涎结聚，就会形成咽痛、咽疮。实火适宜用升散的方法治疗，如果是虚火适宜用人参、干姜、附子等辛热药物，但很多人过多服用寒凉药物反而使病情加重。张子和说：《内经》为什么说一阴一阳结，会导致喉痹？这是因为君火和相火单独亢盛，热邪结于正络，所以疼痛发生得迅速；咽喉干燥疼痛，咽喉肿胀，下颌肿胀，舌根僵硬，都是君火为患……薄荷 荆芥 防风 桔梗 甘草 牛蒡子（炒制） 人参，等量。或者研成细末，每次服用二钱。或者加入……这是手太阴肺经和手少阴心经的药物。咽痛咽疮，是由于火邪郁结，桔梗和甘草组成甘桔汤，辛苦味能发散寒邪，甘平性能清除热邪……的贼邪，正气虚弱则邪火炽盛，所以又加入人参来补虚退热（喻嘉言说：这个方子清除上焦的壅滞热邪，全用辛凉轻清的药物……
【甘桔汤】
治疗少阴经咽痛喉痹，肺痈吐脓，干咳无痰，火邪郁结在肺（手少阴心脉挟持咽喉，足少阴肾脉循行经过喉咙，火炎上则疼痛。《内经》说：一阴一阳结，称为喉痹。一阴，指少阴君火；一阳，指少阳相火。肺痈，《金匮要略》说：热邪所过之处，血液凝滞，蓄积结成痈脓，吐出像米粥一样的东西，刚开始萌芽时可以救治，脓已成则难治。火邪郁结在肺……甘草（二两） 桔梗（一两。）或者等量。王好古加减法：失音，加诃子；声音出不来，加半夏；上……加半夏、生……加栀子、……黄；不得……这是手太阴肺经和手少阴心经的药物。甘草味甘性平，解毒并泻火；桔梗味苦辛，清肺并利膈，又能升提血气，表……《金匮》……之法……在表……恶寒……之，酸剂……合天……肝发……粟……本方除去桔梗，名为甘草汤（《金匮要略》）：治疗相同。本方加入防风，名为甘桔防风汤：治疗相同。本方加入防风、荆芥、连翘，名为如圣汤（宋仁宗时期）：治疗上焦风热。本方加入连翘、薄荷、竹叶、栀子、黄芩，名为桔梗汤：治疗上焦壅热，喉痹热肿。又一方：桔梗、桑白皮、贝母、瓜蒌、当归、枳壳、薏苡仁、防己（一作防风。各五分），黄芩（七分），杏仁、百合、甘草（各三分），加生姜煎服，也名为桔梗汤（《济生方》）：治疗肺痈吐脓，咽喉干燥多渴；如果大便闭塞，加大黄；小便赤红，加木通。本方加入诃子，名为诃子清音汤，加童便服用；治疗中风不语（肺属金，主声音，金空则有声，风痰壅塞，则不能说话。诃子收敛肺气、清化痰涎、散逆破结；桔梗利肺气，甘草调和元气，童便降火润肺，或者加木通以利于机窍。足少阴肾脉夹舌本，足太阴脾脉连接舌本，手少阴心经别脉系舌本，这三条经脉虚弱则痰涎堵塞脉道，舌头不能转动而不能说话；或者三条经脉亡血，舌头没有血液荣养而喑哑。舌喑者，是中风不能转动舌头之类，但咽喉声音如故；喉喑者，是劳嗽失音之类，但舌头能转动言语）。本方除去甘草，加入枳壳，名为枳桔汤：治疗胸中痞塞，打嗝吐酸水，或者咳嗽（枳壳、桔梗，苦味下气而消散痞块，寒性消热而止咳。《活人书》说：伤寒应该发汗，反而用下法，遂成痞证，枳实理中丸最好。确知是痞证，先用枳壳汤尤其妙，因为桔梗、枳壳行气下膈……
[Er Mu San (Two Mother Powder)]
Treats pulmonary consumption with heat, where patients cannot tolerate qi-tonifying formulas. This is due to lung deficiency accompanied by fire, or cough and fever, with severe yin deficiency; taking yang-tonifying herbs would exacerbate the condition.
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu, 知母) (stir-fried), Fritillariae Bulbus (Bei Mu, 贝母) (stir-fried). Equal parts. Grind into powder and take. In ancient formulas, Zhi Mu and Bei Mu were each used in amounts of one liang, added with ten grains of Crotonis Semen Preparatum (Ba Dou Shuang, 巴豆霜) and three slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang, 生姜), taken before going to bed. This is a medicine for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. When fire flares up and scorches metal, causing lung deficiency and consumptive heat, those who can tolerate warm tonification are easy to treat, while those who cannot are difficult to treat. Therefore, this method was established to nourish yin: Bei Mu resolves phlegm and drains lung fire, while Zhi Mu nourishes kidney yin and clears lung metal. Their bitter taste drains heat, their cold nature overcomes heat, and their moistening property removes dryness (both Zhi Mu and Bei Mu are moistening).
[Li Ge Tang (Diaphragm-Relieving Decoction)]
Treats spleen and lung fire-heat, empty vexation with upward congestion, sore throat, and sores. Among the twelve meridians, only the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian remains on the exterior, descending through the neck but not passing through the diaphragm and throat; the other meridians all circulate through the throat and diaphragm. If excess heat attacks upward, or deficient fire acts recklessly, and saliva/phlegm accumulates, it results in sore throat and throat sores. Excess fire should be treated by lifting and dispersing; if it is deficient fire, acrid-hot herbs like Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Ren Shen, 人参), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Gan Jiang, 干姜), and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fu Zi, 附子) should be used. However, many people overuse cold-cooling herbs, making the illness worse. Zhang Hezi said: Why does the Classic state that "one yin and one yang knotting" causes throat bi? It is because the Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire alone prevail, causing heat to knot in the main collaterals, hence pain occurs rapidly. Dryness and pain in the throat, swelling of the throat and jaw, stiffness of the tongue root, are all caused by Sovereign Fire... Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bo He, 薄荷), Schizonepetae Spica (Jing Jie, 荆芥), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fang Feng, 防风), Platycodonis Radix (Jie Geng, 桔梗), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao, 甘草), Arctii Fructus (Niu Bang Zi, 牛蒡子) (stir-fried), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Ren Shen, 人参). Equal parts. Or grind into powder, take two qian per dose. Or add... This is a medicine for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Sore throat and sores are due to fire depression. Jie Geng and Gan Cao form Gan Jie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction); acrid-bitter disperses cold, sweet-p neutralizes heat... The thief of [health], when righteous qi is deficient, evil fire becomes rampant, so Ren Shen is added to tonify deficiency and reduce fever (Yu Jia Yan said: This formula clears upper jiao stagnating heat, using entirely acrid-cool and light-clear flavors...).
[Gan Jie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction)]
Treats Shaoyin meridian sore throat and throat bi, lung abscess with pus expectoration, dry cough without phlegm, and fire depression in the lung. The Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian accompanies the throat, and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian circulates through the throat; fire flaming upward causes pain. The Classic states: "One yin and one yang knotting is called throat bi." One yin refers to Shaoyin Sovereign Fire; one yang refers to Shaoyang Ministerial Fire. Regarding lung abscess, the *Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: Where heat passes, blood coagulates and stagnates, accumulating to form an abscess and pus, expectorated like rice porridge. It can be saved at the initial stage, but is difficult to save once pus is formed. Fire depression in the lung... Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao, 甘草) (two liang), Platycodonis Radix (Jie Geng, 桔梗) (one liang). Or equal parts. Wang Haogu's modification: For loss of voice, add Terminalia Chebula Retzii Fructus (He Zi, 诃子); for inability to speak, add Pinelliae Rhizoma (Ban Xia, 半夏); Upper... Add Ban Xia, raw... Add Gardeniae Fructus (Zhi Zi, 栀子)... Huang... Cannot... This is a medicine for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Gan Cao is sweet and neutral, detoxifies and drains fire; Jie Geng is bitter and acrid, clears the lung and benefits the diaphragm, and can also lift blood and qi, exterior... *Jin Gui*... Method... On the exterior... Chills... Of, acid agents... Combine heaven... Liver develop... Millet... Removing Jie Geng from this formula yields Gan Cao Tang (Licorice Decoction) (*Jin Gui Yao Lue*): Treats the same. Adding Fang Feng to this formula yields Gan Jie Fang Feng Tang: Treats the same. Adding Fang Feng, Jing Jie, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Lian Qiao, 连翘) yields Ru Sheng Tang (Song Renzong period): Treats upper jiao wind-heat. Adding Lian Qiao, Bo He, Bambusae Folium (Zhu Ye, 竹叶), Zhi Zi, and Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin, 黄芩) yields Jie Geng Tang: Treats upper jiao stagnating heat, throat bi with heat swelling. Another prescription: Jie Geng, Morus Albae Cortex (Sang Bai Pi, 桑白皮), Bei Mu, Trichosanthis Fructus (Gua Lou, 瓜蒌), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Dang Gui, 当归), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhi Ke, 枳壳), Coicis Semen (Yi Yi Ren, 薏苡仁), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fang Ji, 防己) (or Fang Feng). Each 5 fen, Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin, 黄芩) 7 fen, Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xing Ren, 杏仁), Lilii Bulbus (Bai He, 百合), Gan Cao. Each 3 fen. Decoct with fresh ginger. Also named Jie Geng Tang (*Ji Sheng Fang*): Treats lung abscess with pus expectoration, dry throat with excessive thirst; if constipation, add Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang, 大黄); if urine is red, add Akebiae Caulis (Mu Tong, 木通). Adding He Zi to this formula yields He Zi Qing Yin Tang (Chebulic Myrobalan Voice-Clearing Decoction), taken with child's urine; treats aphasia after stroke (The Lung belongs to Metal, governs sound; when Metal is hollow, there is sound. Wind-phlegm obstruction prevents speech. He Zi astringes lung qi, clears phlegm, disperses rebellion and breaks knots; Jie Geng benefits lung qi, Gan Cao harmonizes primal qi, child's urine descends fire and moistens lungs, or add Mu Tong to facilitate orifices. The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian clamps the tongue root, the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian connects to the tongue root, and the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian branch ties to the tongue root. Deficiency in these three meridians allows phlegm-saliva to block the vessel pathways, preventing tongue movement and speech; or if blood is lost in these three vessels, the tongue lacks blood nourishment and becomes mute. 'She Yin' (tongue muteness) refers to conditions like stroke where tongue movement is impaired, yet throat sounds remain normal; 'Hou Yin' (throat muteness) refers to conditions like consumptive cough where voice is lost, but the tongue can still move for speech). Removing Gan Cao and adding Zhi Ke to this formula yields Zhi Jie Tang (Aurantii and Platycodon Decoction): Treats chest oppression, belching with sour regurgitation, or cough (Zhi Ke and Jie Geng, bitter to descend qi and dissipate oppression, cold to clear heat and stop cough. *Huo Ren Shu* states: Taihan should be induced to sweat, but purgatives were wrongly used, resulting in oppression. Zhishi Lizhong Wan is best. If oppression is confirmed, Zhi Ke Tang is especially effective, as Jie Geng and Zhi Ke move qi and descend through the diaphragm...)