男子尺脉恒弱女子尺脉恒盛男得女脉为不足病在内左得之病在左右得之病在右女得男脉为太过病在四肢左得之病在
左右得之病在右（十九难）
真肝脉至中外急如循刀刃责责然如按琴瑟弦色青白不泽死真心脉至坚而搏如循薏苡子累累然色赤黑不泽死真肺脉至
大而虚如以毛羽中人肤色白赤不泽死真肾脉至搏而绝如指弹石辟辟然色黑黄不泽死真脾脉至弱而乍数乍疏色黄青不泽死
（素玉机真藏）
脉出于气口色见于明堂（灵五阅五使）
明堂者鼻也（脾土）阙者眉间也（肝木）庭者颜也（额上心火）蕃者颊侧也（肺金）蔽者耳门也（肾水）赤色出两
颧大如母指者病虽小愈必卒死（颧属肺金赤属心火火来克金故曰必死）黑色出于庭大如母指必不病而卒死（庭属心火黑
为水色水来克火故曰必死此一隅之举也余部可以类推灵五色论）
瞳子高者太阳不足（津液不足）戴眼者太阳已绝（素三部九候论）中盛藏满气胜伤恐声如从室中言者是中气之湿也
言而微终日乃复言者此夺气也衣被不敛言语善恶不避亲疏者此神明之乱也头者精明之府头倾视深精神将夺矣背者胸中之
府背曲肩随府将坏矣腰者肾之府转摇不能肾将惫矣膝者筋之府屈伸不能行则偻附筋将惫矣骨者髓之府不能久立行则振掉
骨将惫矣阴盛则梦涉大水恐惧阳盛则梦大火燔灼阴阳俱盛则梦相杀毁伤上盛则梦飞下盛则梦堕甚饱则梦与甚饥则梦取肝
气盛则梦怒肺气盛则梦哭短虫多则梦聚众长虫多则梦相击毁伤（素脉要精微）
出入废则神机化灭升降息则气立孤危（六微旨）
男子的尺脉通常较弱，女子的尺脉通常较强。男子出现女子的脉象（尺脉盛），属于正气不足，病位在体内；若出现在左手，病在左侧身体；若出现在右手，病在右侧身体。女子出现男子的脉象（尺脉弱），属于邪气太过，病位在四肢；若出现在左手，病在左侧身体；若出现在右手，病在右侧身体。（出自《难经·十九难》）
真肝脉的脉象，中间和外部都紧急，感觉像触摸刀刃一样锐利，又像按压琴瑟弦那样紧绷，面色青白而无光泽，主死亡。真心脉的脉象，坚硬而搏指，感觉像触摸薏苡子那样颗粒累累，面色赤黑而无光泽，主死亡。真肺脉的脉象，大而虚，感觉像羽毛中人皮肤那样轻浮无力，面色白赤而无光泽，主死亡。真肾脉的脉象，搏动断续欲绝，感觉像手指弹击石头那样坚硬清脆，面色黑黄而无光泽，主死亡。真脾脉的脉象，虚弱且忽快忽慢，面色黄青而无光泽，主死亡。（出自《素问·玉机真脏论》）
脉象可以从气口（寸口脉）诊察，面色可以在明堂（鼻部）观察到。（出自《灵枢·五阅五使》）
明堂指的是鼻子（对应脾土）；阙指的是两眉之间（对应肝木）；庭指的是颜面额部（对应心火）；蕃指的是脸颊侧面（对应肺金）；蔽指的是耳门部位（对应肾水）。如果赤色出现在两颧，大小如拇指，即使病情轻微好转，也必定突然死亡（因为颧部属肺金，赤色属心火，火来克金，所以说是必死之症）。如果黑色出现在庭部（额中），大小如拇指，必定在不发病的情况下突然死亡（因为庭部属心火，黑色为水色，水来克火，所以说是必死之症。这只是其中一个部位的举例，其他部位可以类推此理）。（出自《灵枢·五色论》）
眼睛向上凝视不能转动者，是太阳经气不足（津液不足）；眼睛上翻固定不动者，是太阳经气已绝。（出自《素问·三部九候论》）
胸中壅盛、脏腑胀满、气机亢盛而容易受惊恐，说话声音好像从密闭室中发出那样沉闷，这是中焦有湿气的表现。说话声音微弱，整天才说一句话，这是元气大伤的表现。穿衣盖被不整齐，言语不分好坏，不回避亲疏关系，这是神明混乱的表现。头部是精明之气所居之处，如果头低垂、目光深陷，说明精神即将耗竭。背部是胸中脏腑的外应之处，如果背曲肩垂，说明府气即将败坏。腰部是肾脏所在之处，如果转侧摇动困难，说明肾脏即将衰惫。膝盖是筋脉汇聚之处，如果屈伸困难，行走时弯腰驼背，说明筋脉即将衰惫。骨头是骨髓所在之处，如果不能久站，行走时身体震颤摇晃，说明骨骼即将衰惫。阴气偏盛会梦见渡大水而感到恐惧；阳气偏盛会梦见大火燃烧灼烧；阴阳俱盛会梦见互相杀戮毁伤。上部气盛则梦见飞翔，下部气盛则梦见坠落。吃得过饱则梦见给予食物，饥饿过度则梦见索取食物。肝气偏盛会梦见发怒，肺气偏盛会梦见哭泣。体内小虫多则梦见聚集众人，长虫多则梦见互相击打毁伤。（出自《素问·脉要精微论》）
如果出入功能废弛，那么神机的生化作用就会灭绝；如果升降运动停止，那么气立的独立存在就会陷入孤危境地。（出自《素问·六微旨大论》）
In men, the Chi pulse (Cun-Knee-Pulse, located at the radial artery's distal segment) is typically weak; in women, it is typically strong. If a man exhibits the female pulse pattern (strong Chi pulse), it indicates deficiency of healthy Qi, with the disease located internally. If this pattern appears on the left side, the disease is on the left side of the body; if on the right, the disease is on the right side. If a woman exhibits the male pulse pattern (weak Chi pulse), it indicates excess pathogenic factors, with the disease located in the four limbs. If this pattern appears on the left side, the disease is on the left side of the body; if on the right, the disease is on the right side. (From *Nan Jing*, Chapter 19)
The True Liver Pulse arrives tense and urgent in both center and periphery, feeling like touching a knife edge, sharp and rigid, or like pressing the strings of a zither. With a complexion that is greenish-white and lusterless, death ensues. The True Heart Pulse arrives hard and beating forcefully, feeling like touching Coicis Semen (Job's tears), grain by grain. With a complexion that is reddish-black and lusterless, death ensues. The True Lung Pulse arrives large and empty, feeling like a feather brushing against the skin. With a complexion that is whitish-red and lusterless, death ensues. The True Kidney Pulse arrives with intermittent and abrupt beats, feeling like fingers striking a stone, crisp and hard. With a complexion that is blackish-yellow and lusterless, death ensues. The True Spleen Pulse arrives weak and irregular, alternating between rapid and slow rhythms. With a complexion that is yellowish-green and lusterless, death ensues. (From *Su Wen*, "Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun")
Pulse conditions can be assessed from the Qi Kou (Cun Kou pulse at the wrist); facial colors can be observed at the Ming Tang (the nose). (From *Ling Shu*, "Wu Yue Wu Shi")
The Ming Tang refers to the nose (corresponding to Spleen Earth); the Que refers to the area between the eyebrows (corresponding to Liver Wood); the Ting refers to the forehead (corresponding to Heart Fire); the Fan refers to the sides of the cheeks (corresponding to Lung Metal); the Bi refers to the ear gates (corresponding to Kidney Water). If red color appears on both cheekbones, sized like a thumb, even if the illness is minor and improving, sudden death will certainly occur (because the cheekbones belong to Lung Metal, and red belongs to Heart Fire; Fire overcoming Metal signifies certain death). If black color appears in the Ting area (center of forehead), sized like a thumb, sudden death will occur without prior illness (because the Ting area belongs to Heart Fire, and black is the color of Water; Water overcoming Fire signifies certain death. This is an example of one sector; other sectors can be inferred similarly). (From *Ling Shu*, "Wu Se Lun")
Eyes looking upward and unable to move indicate insufficiency of the Tai Yang channel (deficiency of body fluids). Eyes fixed in upward deviation indicate exhaustion of the Tai Yang channel. (From *Su Wen*, "San Bu Jiu Hou Lun")
Fullness in the chest, fullness of the Zang organs, excessive Qi leading to fearfulness, and speech sounding as if coming from a closed room indicate dampness in the Middle Qi. Speech that is faint, requiring a whole day to utter a single phrase, indicates depletion of Qi. Disarray in clothing and bedding, speech lacking discernment of good and bad, and lack of avoidance regarding intimacy or distance indicate chaos of the Shen (Spirit). The head is the residence of clear essence; if the head droops and eyes are sunken, the spirit is about to be depleted. The back is the mansion of the thoracic organs; if the back is curved and shoulders sag, the mansion's Qi is about to fail. The waist is the mansion of the Kidneys; if turning and swaying are difficult, the Kidneys are about to become exhausted. The knees are the mansion of the sinews; if flexion and extension are impossible, and walking involves stooping, the sinews are about to become exhausted. The bones are the mansion of the marrow; if standing for long periods is impossible, and walking causes trembling and shaking, the bones are about to become exhausted. Excess Yin leads to dreams of crossing large waters and feeling fearful; excess Yang leads to dreams of large fires burning and scorching; excess of both Yin and Yang leads to dreams of killing and destroying each other. Excess in the upper body leads to dreams of flying; excess in the lower body leads to dreams of falling. Being very full leads to dreams of giving; being very hungry leads to dreams of taking. Excess Liver Qi leads to dreams of anger; excess Lung Qi leads to dreams of weeping. Many small parasites lead to dreams of gathering crowds; many long parasites lead to dreams of fighting and destroying each other. (From *Su Wen*, "Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun")
If the functions of entering and exiting cease, the transformation and extinction of the Shen Ji (Spirit Mechanism) will occur. If ascending and descending stop, the Qi Li (Qi Establishment) will become isolated and precarious. (From *Su Wen*, "Liu Wei Zhi Da Lun")