口疮。上焦实热。中焦虚寒。下焦阴火。各经傅变所致。当分别而治之。如发热作渴饮冷。实热也。轻则
用补中益气。重则用六君子汤。饮食少思。大便不实。中气虚也。用人参理中汤。手足逆冷。肚腹作痛。中气
虚寒。用附子理中汤。日晡热。内热。不时而热。血虚也。用八物加丹皮五味麦门。发热作渴唾痰小
便频数。肾水虚也。用八味丸。日晡发热。或从小腹起。阴虚也。用四物参术五味麦门。不应。用加减八味
丸。若热来复去。昼见夜伏。夜见昼伏。不时而动。或无定处。或从脚起。乃无根之火也。亦用前丸。及十全
大补加麦门五味。更以附子末唾津调。抹涌泉穴。若概用寒凉。损伤生气。为害匪轻。
或问虚寒何以能生口疮。而反用附子理中耶。盖因胃虚谷
少。则所胜者。肾水之气。逆而乘之。反为寒中。脾胃衰虚之火。
被迫炎上。作为口疮。经曰。岁金不及。炎火乃行。复则寒雨暴至。阴厥乃格阳反上行。民病口疮是也。故
用参术甘草补其土。姜附散其寒。则火得所助。接引而退舍矣。
按圣济总录。有元藏虚冷上攻口舌者。用巴戟白芷高良姜末猪腰煨服。又有用丁香胡椒松脂细辛末。苏
木汤调涂舌上。有用当归附子蜜炙含咽。若此之类。皆治龙火上迫。心肺之阳不得下降。故用此以引火归原也。
口疮。上焦实热。中焦虚寒。下焦阴火。各经傅变所致。当分别而治之。如发热作渴饮冷。实热也。轻则
用补中益气。重则用六君子汤。饮食少思。大便不实。中气虚也。用人参理中汤。手足逆冷。肚腹作痛。中气
虚寒。用附子理中汤。日晡热。内热。不时而热。血虚也。用八物加丹皮五味麦门。发热作渴唾痰小
便频数。肾水虚也。用八味丸。日晡发热。或从小腹起。阴虚也。用四物参术五味麦门。不应。用加减八味
丸。若热来复去。昼见夜伏。夜见昼伏。不时而动。或无定处。或从脚起。乃无根之火也。亦用前丸。及十全
大补加麦门五味。更以附子末唾津调。抹涌泉穴。若概用寒凉。损伤生气。为害匪轻。
或问虚寒何以能生口疮。而反用附子理中耶。盖因胃虚谷
少。则所胜者。肾水之气。逆而乘之。反为寒中。脾胃衰虚之火。
被迫炎上。作为口疮。经曰。岁金不及。炎火乃行。复则寒雨暴至。阴厥乃格阳反上行。民病口疮是也。故
用参术甘草补其土。姜附散其寒。则火得所助。接引而退舍矣。
按圣济总录。有元藏虚冷上攻口舌者。用巴戟白芷高良姜末猪腰煨服。又有用丁香胡椒松脂细辛末。苏
木汤调涂舌上。有用当归附子蜜炙含咽。若此之类。皆治龙火上迫。心肺之阳不得下降。故用此以引火归原也。
口疮（口腔黏膜溃疡）。由上焦实热、中焦虚寒、下焦阴火，以及各经络传变引起。应当分别辨证治疗。如果出现发热、口渴且想喝冷水，这是实热证。病情轻的，使用补中益气汤；病情重的，使用六君子汤。如果食欲不振、大便不成形，这是中气虚弱证，使用人参理中汤。如果手脚冰凉、腹部疼痛，这是中气虚寒证，使用附子理中汤。如果在申时（下午3-5点）发热，或者感到体内发热、不规则发热，这是血虚证，使用八物汤加入牡丹皮、五味子、麦冬。如果发热、口渴、咳吐痰涎、小便频繁，这是肾水亏虚证，使用八味丸（金匮肾气丸）。如果在申时发热，或者热感从小腹升起，这是阴虚证，使用四物汤加入人参、白术、五味子、麦冬。如果无效，使用加减八味丸。如果热感忽来忽去，白天出现晚上潜伏，晚上出现白天潜伏，不定时发作，或者没有固定位置，或者从脚部发起，这是无根之火。也使用前面的药丸，以及十全大补汤加入麦冬、五味子。另外用附子粉末，用唾液调和，涂抹在涌泉穴上。如果一概使用寒凉药物，会损伤人体的生机，危害不小。
有人问：虚寒证为什么会产生口疮，反而使用附子理中汤呢？这是因为胃气虚弱，谷物摄入不足，导致被克制的肾水之气，逆向侵犯，反而造成中焦寒冷。脾胃衰败虚弱产生的虚火，被迫向上炎升，从而形成口疮。医经说：“如果岁运金气不足，炎火就会盛行。等到报复之时，寒雨突然降临，阴寒极盛导致阳气格拒，反而向上逆行，百姓因此患口疮。”所以使用人参、白术、甘草来补益脾土，使用干姜、附子来驱散寒邪，这样虚火得到引导，就会退去。
根据《圣济总录》记载，有先天元气虚冷，寒气上攻口舌的情况。使用巴戟天、白芷、高良姜的粉末，配合猪腰子煨熟服用。又有使用丁香、胡椒、松脂、细辛的粉末，用苏木汤调匀后涂抹在舌上。还有使用当归、附子，用蜂蜜炙烤后含服咽下的方法。像这类方法，都是治疗龙雷之火上迫，导致心肺阳气不能下降的情况，所以使用这些方法来引火归原。
Mouth sores. Excess heat in the Upper Jiao, deficiency-cold in the Middle Jiao, and Yin fire in the Lower Jiao are caused by transmission and transformation of various meridians. They should be treated separately according to differentiation. For example, fever with thirst and desire for cold drinks indicates excess heat. In mild cases, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction); in severe cases, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction). Lack of appetite and loose stools indicate deficiency of Middle Qi; use Renshen Lizhong Tang (Ginseng Regulate the Middle Decoction). Cold extremities and abdominal pain indicate deficiency-cold of Middle Qi; use Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction). Fever at dusk (Shen hour), internal heat, or irregular fever indicates blood deficiency; use Bawu Tang (Eight Substances Decoction) added with Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), and Maidong (Rhizoma Ophiopogonis). Fever with thirst, expectoration of phlegm, and frequent urination indicate deficiency of Kidney Water; use Bawei Wan (Eight Ingredients Pill). Fever at dusk, or heat rising from the lower abdomen, indicates Yin deficiency; use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Wuweizi, and Maidong. If ineffective, use Jiaban Bawei Wan (Modified Eight Ingredients Pill). If heat comes and goes, appearing by day and hiding by night, or appearing by night and hiding by day, moving irregularly, having no fixed location, or rising from the feet, this is Fire without Root. Use the aforementioned pills, as well as Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten Complete Great Tonifying Decoction) added with Maidong and Wuweizi. Additionally, mix Fuzi powder (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) with saliva and apply it to Yongquan acupoint (KI1). If one indiscriminately uses cold and cooling herbs, it damages the vital energy, causing significant harm.
Someone asks: How can a deficiency-cold condition produce mouth sores, and why is Fuzi Lizhong Tang used? This is because when Stomach Qi is deficient and grain intake is low, the controlling relationship is disrupted; the Qi of Kidney Water rebels and overacts, resulting in cold in the Middle. The deficient fire generated by the decline of Spleen and Stomach is forced to flare upwards, manifesting as mouth sores. The Classics state: "If the annual Metal qi is insufficient, blazing fire will prevail. Upon retaliation, cold rain arrives suddenly; extreme Yin causes Yang to be repelled and move upward, leading to people suffering from mouth sores." Therefore, use Renshen, Baizhu, and Gancao to tonify Earth; use Jiang (Shengjiang or Ganjiang) and Fuzi to disperse cold. Thus, the fire receives guidance and retreats.
According to Shengji Zonglu (General Records of Holy Relief), there are cases where primordial Yuan Qi deficiency-cold attacks the mouth and tongue from above. These are treated with Bajitian (Radix Morindae Officinalis), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), and Gaoliangjiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum) powders, cooked with pig kidneys. There are also methods using Dingxiang (Flos Caryophylli), Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), Songzhi (Resina Pini), and Xixin (Herba Asari) powders, mixed with Sumu (Santalum Album Lignum) decoction and applied to the tongue. Another method involves Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Fuzi, honey-fried and held in the mouth to swallow. Such methods all treat Dragon Fire pressing upwards, preventing Heart and Lung Yang from descending, thereby using these means to guide fire back to its source (Yin Huo Gui Yuan).