味苦甘，温，无毒。主风寒湿痹，死肌，痉疽，止汗，除热，消食，主大风在身面
眩头痛，目泪出，消痰，水逐皮间，风水结肿，除心下急满，及霍乱吐下不止，利腰脐间血
，益津液，暖胃，消谷，嗜食。作煎饵。久服轻身，延年不饥。一名山蓟，一名山姜，一名
山连。生郑山山谷，汉中，南郑，二月三月八月九月采根，曝干。
味甘，平，无毒。主中风暴热，不能动摇，跌筋结肉，诸不足，心腹结气，虚热湿毒，
腰痛，茎中寒，及目痛 烂，泪出。久服去面黑 ，好颜色，润泽，轻身不老。一名荧，一
名地节，一名玉竹，一名马熏。生太山山谷及丘陵，立春后采，阴干。
味甘，平，无毒。主补中益气，除风湿，安五脏。久服轻身，延年不饥。一名重楼，一
名菟竹，一名鸡格，一名救穷，一名鹿竹。生山谷，二月采根，阴干。
味甘苦，寒，无毒。主折跌，绝筋伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉。作汤，除寒热，积
聚，除痹。主男子五劳七伤，女子伤中，胞漏，下血，破恶血，溺血，利大小肠，去胃中宿
食，饱力断绝，补五脏内伤不足，通血脉，益气力，利耳目，生者尤良。
大寒。主妇人崩中，血不止，及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下血，胎不落；堕坠，
折，瘀血，留血，衄鼻，吐血，皆捣饮之。久服，轻身不老。一名地髓，一名 ，一名芭。
生咸阳川泽黄土地者佳，二月八月采根，阴干。
味苦、甘，性温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹（由风、寒、湿邪侵袭经络关节引起的肢体疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利等病证），肌肉枯死，痉挛疽疮，止汗，清热，消食，主治大风（指麻风或严重的风邪致病）在头面引起的眩晕头痛，眼泪流出，化痰，驱除皮间的水气，风水结肿（因风邪与水气互结导致的浮肿），消除心下急满（胃脘部拘急胀满），以及霍乱吐泻不止，通利腰脐间的血液，补充津液，温暖胃部，消化谷物，增进食欲。可制成煎膏服用。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延年益寿，不易饥饿。又名山蓟，又名山姜，又名山连。产于郑山山谷、汉中、南郑等地，于二月、三月、八月、九月采集根部，晒干。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治中风暴热（中风病中的热证），身体不能动摇，筋脉结聚肌肉，各种虚损不足，心腹结气（心腹部的气机郁结），虚热湿毒，腰痛，阴茎中寒冷，以及眼睛疼痛溃烂，流泪。长期服用可去除面部黑斑，使面色红润光泽，身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名荧，又名地节，又名玉竹，又名马熏。产于太山山谷及丘陵地带，立春后采集，阴干。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治补中益气（补益脾胃之气），祛除风湿，安定五脏。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延年益寿，不易饥饿。又名重楼，又名菟竹，又名鸡格，又名救穷，又名鹿竹。产于山谷，二月采集根部，阴干。
味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治跌打骨折，筋脉断裂损伤，驱逐血痹（血液运行不畅形成的痹阻），填补骨髓，生长肌肉。煮汤服用，可消除寒热，积聚，祛除痹证。主治男子五劳七伤（泛指多种慢性虚损性疾病），女子伤中（冲任受损），胞漏（子宫出血），便血，破除恶血，尿血，通利大小肠，去除胃中宿食，恢复体力断绝后的状态，补益五脏内伤不足，疏通血脉，增强气力，使耳聪目明，生用效果更佳。
大寒。主治妇人崩中（非经期大量阴道出血），血不止，以及产后血上冲心导致胸闷窒息，伤身胎动下血，胎盘不下；堕坠，骨折，瘀血，留血，鼻衄（流鼻血），吐血，均捣碎后煎服。长期服用，可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名地髓，又名[缺字]，又名芭。产于咸阳川泽黄土地者最佳，二月、八月采集根部，阴干。
Bitter and sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats Wind-Cold-Damp Bi syndrome (a condition characterized by pain, numbness, and limited movement of limbs and joints caused by invasion of wind, cold, and damp pathogens), dead muscle tissue, spasmodic carbuncles, stops sweating, clears heat, aids digestion, and primarily treats dizziness and headache caused by severe wind pathogen affecting the head and face, tearing, resolves phlegm, drives out water qi from between the skin, treats wind-water edema (swelling caused by the interaction of wind pathogen and water qi), eliminates urgency and fullness below the heart (epigastric tightness and distension), and treats continuous vomiting and diarrhea due to Huoluan (acute gastroenteritis with sudden vomiting and diarrhea). It promotes blood circulation in the waist and umbilical region, replenishes body fluids, warms the stomach, digests grains, and increases appetite. It can be prepared as a decoction paste. Long-term consumption makes the body light, prolongs life, and prevents hunger. Also known as Shanji, Shanjing, or Shanlian. Grows in the valleys of Zheng Mountain, Hanzhong, and Nanzheng; roots are harvested in February, March, August, and September, and sun-dried.
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats stroke with sudden heat, inability to move the body, tendon knots in muscles, various deficiencies, qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, deficiency-heat and damp-toxin, lower back pain, cold sensation in the penis, eye pain with ulceration, and tearing. Long-term consumption removes facial black spots, improves complexion, adds luster, makes the body light, and delays aging. Also known as Ying, Dijie, Yuzhu, or Maxun. Grows in the valleys and hills of Mount Tai; harvested after the Beginning of Spring, and dried in shade.
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily tonifies the middle and supplements qi, dispels wind-damp, and calms the five zang organs. Long-term consumption makes the body light, prolongs life, and prevents hunger. Also known as Chonglou, Tuzhu, Jige, Jiujiong, or Luzhu. Grows in valleys; roots are harvested in February and dried in shade.
Sweet and bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats fractures, severed tendons and injuries, expels blood bi (blockage caused by impaired blood circulation), fills the bone marrow, and promotes muscle growth. Prepared as a decoction, it eliminates chills and fever, accumulations, and dispels bi syndromes. It primarily treats Wu Lao Qi Shang (five labors and seven injuries, referring to various chronic deficiency conditions) in men, Shang Zhong (injury to the Chong and Ren vessels) in women, uterine leakage (uterine bleeding), hematochezia, breaks down evil blood, hematuria, promotes urination and bowel movements, removes retained food in the stomach, restores lost strength, tonifies internal deficiencies of the five zang organs, unblocks blood vessels, supplements qi and strength, and benefits hearing and vision. Fresh use is particularly effective.
Greatly cold in nature. It primarily treats Beng Zhong (profuse non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) in women, uncontrollable bleeding, postpartum blood rushing to the heart causing chest stuffiness and fainting, fetal movement with bleeding due to injury, retained placenta; falls, fractures, blood stasis, lingering blood, epistaxis (nosebleed), and hematemesis (vomiting blood); all are crushed and taken orally. Long-term consumption makes the body light and delays aging. Also known as Disui, [missing character], or Ba. The best quality grows in the yellow soil of rivers and marshes in Xianyang; roots are harvested in February and August and dried in shade.