五疔者,皆由喜怒忧思,冲寒冒热,恣饮醇酒,多嗜甘肥毒鱼酢酱,色欲过度之所为也。
蓄其毒邪,浸溃脏腑,久不摅散,始变为疔。其名有五,一曰白疔,二曰赤疔,三曰黄疔,
四曰黑疔,五曰青疔。白疔起于右鼻下,初如粟米,根赤头白,麻木或痛痒,使人憎寒头重,
状若伤寒,不欲食,胸膈闷,喘促昏冒者死,未者可治,此疾不过五日,祸必至矣,宜速治
之。赤疔在舌下,根头俱赤,发痛,舌本硬不能多言,惊烦闷恍惚,多渴引水不休,小便不
通,狂者死也,未者可治,此不出七日,祸必至矣。大人小儿皆能患也。黄疔起于唇齿龈边
,其色黄,中有黄水,发则令人多食而还出,手足麻木,涎出不止,腹胀而烦,多睡不寐者
死也,未者可治。黑疔起于耳前,状如瘢痕,其色黑,长减不定,使人牙关急,腰脊脚膝不
仁,不然则病,亦不出三岁死。皆由肾渐绝也,宜慎欲事。青疔起于目下,始如瘤瘢,其身
青硬如石,使人目昏昏然无所见,多恐悸,睡不安宁,久不愈,令目盲,或脱精,不出一年
,祸必至矣。白疔其根肺,赤疔其根心,黄疔其根脾,黑疔其根肾,青疔其根肝。五疔之候
,最为巨疾,不可不察也。
夫痈疽疮肿之作者,皆五脏六腑蓄毒不流,非独因营卫壅塞而发者也。其行也有处,其
主也有归。假令发于喉舌者,心之毒;发于皮毛者,肺之毒;发于肌肉者,脾之毒;发于骨
体者,肾之毒。发于下者阴之毒,发于上者阳之毒,发于外者六腑之毒,发于内者五脏之毒。
故
感于五脏则难瘳也。又近骨者多冷,近虚者多热。近骨者久不愈,则化成血蛊。近虚者久不
愈,则传气成漏。成蛊则多痒少痛,或先痒后痛。生漏则多痛少痒,或不痛不痒,内虚外实
者,多痛少痒。血不止则多死,脓疾溃则多生。或吐逆无度,饮食不时,皆痈疽之使然。种
候万端,要在明详耳。
五疔,都是由喜怒忧思等情志失调,受寒受热,恣意饮用烈性酒,多食甘肥、毒鱼及醋酱,以及房事过度所导致的。
这些毒邪积聚,浸淫溃烂脏腑,长久不能疏泄消散,最终才变为疔疮。五疔的名称有五种:一是白疔,二是赤疔,三是黄疔,四是黑疔,五是青疔。
白疔发于右鼻下方,初起时像粟米大小,根部红而头白,患处麻木或痛痒,使人恶寒头重,症状类似伤寒,不想进食,胸膈部闷胀,若出现气喘急促、神志昏蒙者则死亡,病情较轻者可治。此病不超过五天,灾祸必然降临,应当迅速治疗。
赤疔位于舌下,根部和头部都呈红色,发作疼痛,舌根僵硬不能多言,伴有惊恐烦躁、胸闷恍惚,极度口渴饮水不止,小便不通,若出现狂躁者则死亡,病情较轻者可治。此病不出七天,灾祸必然降临。大人和小孩都会患病。
黄疔发于嘴唇和牙齿牙龈边缘,颜色发黄,中间有黄色脓水,发作时让人食欲旺盛但随即吐出,手足麻木,口水流出不止,腹胀且烦躁,若嗜睡却难以入睡者则死亡,病情较轻者可治。
黑疔发于耳朵前方,形状像瘢痕,颜色发黑,长短变化不定,使人牙关紧闭,腰脊和脚膝感觉迟钝或不仁,否则也会生病,也不出三年就会死亡。这都是因为肾气逐渐衰竭所致,应当谨慎对待房事。
青疔发于眼睛下方,起初像瘤子或瘢痕,身体青色坚硬如石头,使人眼睛昏花看不清东西,容易恐惧心悸,睡眠不安宁,久不痊愈会导致失明,或者精气脱失,不出一年,灾祸必然降临。
白疔的病根在肺,赤疔的病根在心,黄疔的病根在脾,黑疔的病根在肾,青疔的病根在肝。五疔的证候,是最严重的疾病,不可不仔细考察。
至于痈疽疮肿的产生,都是五脏六腑蓄积毒邪不得流通所致,并非仅仅因为营卫之气壅塞而引发。它们的发生有固定的部位,其主导也有归属。假如发于喉舌部位的,是心的毒邪;发于皮毛部位的,是肺的毒邪;发于肌肉部位的,是脾的毒邪;发于骨体部位的,是肾的毒邪。发于下部的属阴毒,发于上部的属阳毒,发于外部的属六腑之毒,发于内部的属五脏之毒。因此,感邪于五脏的就难以治愈。
另外,靠近骨骼的多表现为冷症,靠近虚损部位的多表现为热症。靠近骨骼的部位久不愈合,会化成血蛊(一种以腹部肿块、出血为特征的病症)。靠近虚损部位久不愈合,会传变气机形成漏管(瘘管)。形成蛊症的往往瘙痒多于疼痛,或者先痒后痛。生成漏管的往往疼痛多于瘙痒,或者不痛不痒。内虚外实的,往往疼痛多于瘙痒。出血不止的多数死亡,脓液溃破排出的多数能生还。有的呕吐逆乱无度,饮食没有定时,这些都是痈疽造成的后果。各种证候成千上万,关键在于明确详细地辨析罢了。
Wu Ding (Five Types of Ding Sores) are all caused by emotional disorders such as anger, joy, worry, and overthinking; exposure to cold and heat; indulgence in strong wine; excessive consumption of sweet, fatty foods, poisonous fish, and vinegar sauces; and sexual excess.
These toxic pathogens accumulate, infiltrate, and ulcerate the Zang-Fu organs. If they are not dispersed for a long time, they eventually transform into Ding sores. There are five names: one is Bai Ding (White Ding), two is Chi Ding (Red Ding), three is Huang Ding (Yellow Ding), four is Hei Ding (Black Ding), and five is Qing Ding (Green/Blue Ding).
Bai Ding arises below the right nostril. Initially, it is like a millet grain, with a red root and white head. The area may feel numb or experience pain and itching. It causes aversion to cold and heaviness of the head, resembling Taiyang disease (a syndrome caused by pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang channel). The patient loses appetite, feels stifling oppression in the chest and diaphragm. If panting, shortness of breath, and mental confusion occur, death ensues; if these severe symptoms are absent, it is treatable. This disease will inevitably bring disaster within five days, so prompt treatment is required.
Chi Ding is located under the tongue. Both the root and head are red. It develops pain, the base of the tongue becomes stiff making speech difficult, accompanied by fright, irritability, mental depression, and trance-like states. The patient suffers from extreme thirst, drinking water incessantly, and urinary retention. If mania occurs, death ensues; if absent, it is treatable. Disaster will inevitably occur within seven days. Both adults and children can suffer from this.
Huang Ding arises at the edge of the lips and gums. Its color is yellow, containing yellow fluid. Upon eruption, it causes polyphagia followed by vomiting, numbness of the hands and feet, continuous salivation, abdominal distension, and irritability. If the patient sleeps excessively yet cannot rest properly, death ensues; if absent, it is treatable.
Hei Ding arises in front of the ear. It resembles a scar, is black in color, and varies in length. It causes lockjaw, insensitivity or numbness in the lower back, spine, legs, and knees. Otherwise, illness also occurs. Death will inevitably happen within three years. This is due to the gradual exhaustion of Kidney Qi. One should be cautious regarding sexual activities.
Qing Ding arises below the eyes. Initially, it resembles a tumor or scar. The body is green/blue and hard as stone. It causes blurred vision, frequent fear and palpitations, and restless sleep. If prolonged without healing, it leads to blindness or loss of essence. Disaster will inevitably occur within one year.
The root of Bai Ding is the Lung; the root of Chi Ding is the Heart; the root of Huang Ding is the Spleen; the root of Hei Ding is the Kidney; the root of Qing Ding is the Liver. The manifestations of Wu Ding are among the most severe diseases and must not be overlooked.
As for the formation of Yong Ju (carbuncles and ulcers) and swelling sores, they are all caused by the accumulation and stagnation of toxic pathogens in the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, not merely by the obstruction of Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi). Their occurrence has specific locations, and their dominance has specific origins. For instance, eruptions on the throat and tongue stem from Heart toxicity; those on the skin and hair from Lung toxicity; those on the muscles from Spleen toxicity; and those on the bones and body from Kidney toxicity. Eruptions in the lower parts are Yin toxicity; those in the upper parts are Yang toxicity; those on the exterior are Six Fu toxicity; and those on the interior are Five Zang toxicity. Therefore, infections originating in the Five Zang organs are difficult to cure.
Furthermore, lesions near bones often present with cold signs, while those near deficient areas often present with heat signs. Lesions near bones that do not heal for a long time may transform into Xue Gu (Blood Gu, a condition characterized by abdominal masses and bleeding). Lesions near deficient areas that do not heal for a long time may transmit Qi dysfunction, forming Lou (fistulas). Conditions developing into Gu typically feature more itching than pain, or itching preceding pain. Fistulas typically feature more pain than itching, or neither pain nor itching. Internal deficiency with external excess usually presents with more pain than itching. Uncontrolled hemorrhage often leads to death, whereas the rupture and discharge of pus often lead to survival. Some patients experience uncontrolled vomiting and irregular eating habits, all of which are consequences of Yong Ju. There are myriad variations in symptoms, but the key lies in clear and detailed differentiation.