人生百病，最难者莫出于水。水者，肾之制也。肾者，人之本也。肾气壮则水还于肾，
虚则水散于皮。又三焦壅塞，营卫闭格，血气不从，虚实交变，水随气流，故为水病。有肿
于头目，与肿于腰脚，肿于四肢，肿于双目者。有因嗽而得者，有因劳而生者，有因凝滞而
起者，有因虚而成者，有因五脏而出者，有因六腑而来者，类皆多种，状各不同，所以难治。
由此百状，人虽晓达，纵晓其端，则又人以骄恣，不循理法，冒犯禁忌，弗能备矣。故人中
水疾，死者多矣。水有十名∶一曰青水，二曰赤水，三曰黄水，四曰白水，五曰黑水，六曰
玄水，七曰风水，八曰石水，九曰暴水，十曰气水。青水者其根起于肝，其状先从面肿，而
渐行于一身。赤水者其根起于心，其状先从胸肿起，黄水者其根起于脾，其状先从腹肿起。
白水者其根起于肺，先从脚肿而上气喘嗽。黑水者其根起于肾，其状先从足趺肿。玄水者其
根在胆，其状先从面肿至足者是也。风水者其根在胃，其状先从四肢肿起。石水者其根在膀
胱，其状小腹肿大是也。暴水者其根在小肠，其状先从腹胀而四肢不肿，渐渐而肿也。气水
者其根在肠，乍来乍去，乍衰乍盛者是也。良由上下不通，关窃不利，气血痞格，阴阳不调
而致。其脉洪大者死，久不愈之病。令人患水气，临时发散归五脏六腑，则主为病也。消渴
者因冒风冲热，饥饱失常，饮酒过量，嗜欲伤频，或服药石久而积成，使之然也。
人生所患的各种疾病中，没有比水病（水肿类疾病）更难治疗的了。水是肾脏所主管的津液代谢产物。肾脏是人体生命的根本。肾气强壮时，水液能回归并藏于肾中；肾气虚弱时，水液就会散溢于皮肤之间。此外，如果三焦（运行元气和水液的通道）壅塞不通，营卫之气闭塞阻隔，血气运行不畅，虚实变化交错，水液随着气流乱窜，从而形成水病。有的表现为头面部肿胀，有的表现为腰脚肿胀，有的表现为四肢肿胀，有的表现为双目肿胀。有的因咳嗽而引发，有的因劳累而产生，有的因气血凝滞而起，有的因体虚而成，有的由五脏病变引起，有的由六腑病变而来，种类繁杂，症状各异，所以难以治疗。尽管人们知晓这些百种症状，即使明白了其端倪，但人往往因为骄纵放肆，不遵循医理法规，冒犯饮食起居的禁忌，导致无法避免患病。因此，人中水病而死的人很多。水病有十种名称：一是青水，二是赤水，三是黄水，四是白水，五是黑水，六是玄水，七是风水，八是石水，九是暴水，十是气水。青水的病根起于肝，症状先从面部肿胀开始，逐渐蔓延至全身。赤水的病根起于心，症状先从胸部肿胀开始。黄水的病根起于脾，症状先从腹部肿胀开始。白水的病根起于肺，先从脚部肿胀向上发展，并伴有气喘咳嗽。黑水的病根起于肾，症状先从足背肿胀开始。玄水的病根在胆，症状从面部肿胀蔓延至足部。风水的病根在胃，症状先从四肢肿胀开始。石水的病根在膀胱，症状是小腹肿大。暴水的病根在小肠，症状先从腹胀开始而四肢不肿，随后逐渐出现肿胀。气水的病根在肠，症状忽来忽去，忽轻忽重。这主要是由于上下气机不通，关窍不利，气血痞塞阻隔，阴阳失调所致。脉象洪大的属于死证，是久治不愈的疾病。使人患上水气病，若临时发散归并于五脏六腑，则主要成为各脏腑的病症。消渴病（糖尿病类疾病）是因为冒受风邪、冲击热邪，饥饱失常，饮酒过量，房事频繁伤精，或长期服用金石类药物积热而成，从而导致这种状况。
Among all diseases afflicting human life, none is more difficult to treat than water disorders (edema-related diseases). Water represents the fluid metabolism regulated by the Kidney. The Kidney is the root of human vitality. When Kidney Qi is robust, fluids return and are stored in the Kidney; when deficient, fluids scatter into the skin. Furthermore, if the Sanjiao (Triple Burner, the pathway for Yuan Qi and fluids) becomes obstructed, Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive) Qi are blocked, and Blood and Qi fail to flow smoothly, leading to alternating deficiency and excess, with water following chaotic Qi flow, thus forming water disorders. Manifestations include swelling of the head and eyes, swelling of the waist and feet, swelling of the four limbs, or swelling of both eyes. Some arise from coughing, some from overexertion, some from stagnation, some from deficiency, some originating from the Zang organs, and some from the Fu organs. There are numerous types with diverse symptoms, making them difficult to treat. Although people may understand these myriad manifestations, even if they grasp the beginnings, human arrogance and recklessness often lead to ignoring medical principles and violating taboos regarding diet and lifestyle, resulting in unavoidable illness. Consequently, many die from water disorders. There are ten names for water disorders: 1. Qing Shui (Green Water), 2. Chi Shui (Red Water), 3. Huang Shui (Yellow Water), 4. Bai Shui (White Water), 5. Hei Shui (Black Water), 6. Xuan Shui (Dark Water), 7. Feng Shui (Wind Water), 8. Shi Shui (Stone Water), 9. Bao Shui (Sudden Water), 10. Qi Shui (Qi Water). Qing Shui originates in the Liver; its manifestation begins with facial swelling and gradually spreads over the whole body. Chi Shui originates in the Heart; its manifestation begins with chest swelling. Huang Shui originates in the Spleen; its manifestation begins with abdominal swelling. Bai Shui originates in the Lung; it begins with foot swelling ascending upwards, accompanied by asthma and cough. Hei Shui originates in the Kidney; its manifestation begins with swelling of the dorsum of the foot. Xuan Shui has its root in the Gallbladder; its manifestation involves swelling from the face down to the feet. Feng Shui has its root in the Stomach; its manifestation begins with swelling of the four limbs. Shi Shui has its root in the Bladder; its manifestation is enlargement of the lower abdomen. Bao Shui has its root in the Small Intestine; it begins with abdominal distension without limb swelling, which gradually progresses to swelling. Qi Shui has its root in the Intestines; its symptoms come and go suddenly, waxing and waning intermittently. These conditions are primarily caused by the obstruction of upper and lower Qi mechanisms, blockage of gateways, Qi and Blood stagnation, and imbalance of Yin and Yang. A洪大 (Hong Da, Surging/Large) pulse indicates a fatal prognosis for chronic, incurable disease. This causes patients to suffer from Shui Qi (Water Qi disorder); if dispersed temporarily and attributed to the Zang and Fu organs, it manifests as specific organ pathologies. Xiao Ke (Xiao Ke Syndrome, characterized by excessive thirst and urination) arises from exposure to wind and heat, irregular eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, frequent sexual indulgence damaging essence, or long-term accumulation of heat from taking mineral drugs (Shi Yao), thereby causing this condition.